web工程各类URL地址的写法

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对于Web工程下URL地址，有两种写法：一、绝对路径("以' / '开头的路径") 二、相对路径(”不以' / '开头的路径“)

一、绝对路径:

对于书写绝对路径的URL，首先先写个" / ",然后在看，这个URL是给服务器用的，还是客户端浏览器用的，如果是给服务器用的，则" / "代表当前应用(如这里的RequestAndResponse);如果是给客户端浏览器用的，则" / "代表当前站点(如这里的http://localhost:8080/)；

对于web工程下的URL大致可分为一下几种:

工程目录结构图:

package edu.request;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;public class UrlServlet extends HttpServlet {public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {//1.转发类型:（给服务器用的地址）//request.getRequestDispatcher("/page/test1.jsp").forward(request, response);//ok//request.getRequestDispatcher("page/test1.jsp").forward(request, response);//ok//request.getRequestDispatcher("/RequestAndResponse/page/test1.jsp").forward(request, response);  //HTTP Status 404 - /RequestAndResponse/RequestAndResponse/page/test1.jsp        //2.重定向类型:(给浏览器用的地址)//response.sendRedirect("/page/test1.jsp");//error: http://localhost:8080/page/test1.jsp//response.sendRedirect("page/test1.jsp");//ok//response.sendRedirect("/RequestAndResponse/page/test1.jsp");//ok//3.获取资源真实路径:(给服务器用的)response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();//String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/page/test1.jsp");//ok: E:\赛杰\工程空间workspace\jsp_方立勋\.metadata\.me_tcat\webapps\RequestAndResponse\page\test1.jsp//String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("page/test1.jsp"); //ok: E:\赛杰\工程空间workspace\jsp_方立勋\.metadata\.me_tcat\webapps\RequestAndResponse\page\test1.jsp//String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/RequestAndResponse/page/test1.jsp");//错误地址：E:\赛杰\工程空间workspace\jsp_方立勋\.metadata\.me_tcat\webapps\RequestAndResponse\RequestAndResponse\page\test1.jsp//out.write(path.getBytes("utf-8"));   //4.获取资源文件输入流对象：(给服务器用的)//InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/page/test1.jsp");//ok:正确输出test1.jsp页面InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("page/test1.jsp");//ok:正确输出test1.jsp页面//InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/RequestAndResponse/page/test1.jsp");//java.lang.NullPointerException 代码1处int len = 0;        byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];        while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){ //代码1        out.write(buffer,0,len);        }        in.close();}public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {}}

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'test2.jsp' starting page</title>        <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">    <!--    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">    -->  </head>    <body>    5. 给客户端浏览器用的地址--&lt;form action=""&gt;类型<br>     表单1：     <form action="/page/test1.jsp">      <input type="text" name="username" value="中国">      <input type="submit" value="提交" name="button">      (action="/page/test1.jsp" 地址错误)     </form>  <br>   表单2：     <form action="page/test1.jsp">      <input type="text" name="username" value="中国">      <input type="submit" value="提交" name="button">      (action="page/test1.jsp" 地址正确)     </form>  <br>     表单3：     <form action="/RequestAndResponse/page/test1.jsp">      <input type="text" name="username" value="中国">      <input type="submit" value="提交" name="button">      (action="/RequestAndResponse/page/test1.jsp" 地址正确)     </form>  <br>       表单4：     <form action="../page/test1.jsp">      <input type="text" name="username" value="中国">      <input type="submit" value="提交" name="button">      (action="../page/test1.jsp" 地址错误，跳转至http://localhost:8080/page/test1.jsp)     </form>  <br>  6. 给客户端浏览器用的地址--&lt;a href=""&gt;类型<br>   <a href="/page/test1.jsp">连接1(href="/page/test1.jsp" 地址错误)</a><p>   <a href="page/test1.jsp">连接2(href="page/test1.jsp" 地址正确)</a><p>   <a href="/RequestAndResponse/page/test1.jsp">连接3(href="/RequestAndResponse/page/test1.jsp" 地址正确)</a> <p>       <a href="../page/test1.jsp">连接4(href="../page/test1.jsp" 地址错误，跳转至http://localhost:8080/page/test1.jsp)</a><p>  </body></html>

上面页面访问效果:

二、相对路径