tiny6410 Linux 按键控制LED驱动

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    前一段时间项目忙,中断了更新。

    要想提高能力,最重要的还是实际动手写代码,这样才能遇到一些问题,解决问题增加经验。

    今天介绍的功能是: 在linux中添加一个button驱动,按键控制LED灯亮灭,并且支持应用程序读取按键事件。

    关键词:misc设备驱动,工作队列,等待队列。 

    下面根据代码来一点一点介绍:

    1、列出我们定义的数据结构以及全局变量:

    

#include <linux/module.h>#include <linux/kernel.h>#include <linux/fs.h>#include <linux/init.h>#include <linux/delay.h>#include <linux/poll.h>#include <linux/irq.h>#include <asm/irq.h>#include <asm/io.h>#include <linux/interrupt.h>#include <asm/uaccess.h>#include <mach/hardware.h>#include <linux/platform_device.h>#include <linux/cdev.h>#include <linux/miscdevice.h>#include <linux/slab.h> #include <mach/map.h>#include <mach/regs-clock.h>#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>#include <plat/gpio-cfg.h>#include <mach/gpio-bank-n.h>#include <mach/gpio-bank-l.h>#include <mach/gpio-bank-k.h>#define DEVICE_NAME     "my_buttons"/*button 中断描述*/struct button_irq_dec{    int irq;    int number;    char * name;};/*事件结构,应用程序中要与此结构一致,上报按键消息时直接把该结构体copy到用户空间*/struct uevent{    char name[5];    char isDown;};static LIST_HEAD(button_list);// 消息队列static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq); // 等待队列头static DEFINE_MUTEX(button_mtx); // 锁/*中断消息,里面包含上报应用程序的event,以及维护的链表和工作队列*/struct message{    struct uevent event;    struct list_head list;    struct work_struct my_work;};/*预先定义好的buttom中断描述*/struct button_irq_dec button_irqs[] = {    {IRQ_EINT(0), 0, "key1"},    {IRQ_EINT(1), 1, "KEY2"},    {IRQ_EINT(2), 2, "KEY3"},    {IRQ_EINT(3), 3, "KEY4"},    {IRQ_EINT(4), 4, "KEY5"},    {IRQ_EINT(5), 5, "KEY6"},    {IRQ_EINT(19), 6, "KEY7"},    {IRQ_EINT(20), 7, "KEY8"},};

    2、模块初始化函数    

static struct file_operations dev_fops = {    .owner   =   THIS_MODULE,    .read    = button_message_read,};static struct miscdevice misc = {.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,.name = DEVICE_NAME,.fops = &dev_fops,};static int __init dev_init(void){int ret, i, err;    unsigned tmp;    /*设置LED全灭状态*/    tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPKCON);tmp = (tmp & ~(0xffffU<<16))|(0x1111U<<16);writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPKCON);tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPKDAT);tmp |= (0xF << 4);writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPKDAT);    /*申请中断*/    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(button_irqs)/sizeof(button_irqs[0]); i++) {if (button_irqs[i].irq < 0) {continue;}        /*IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH  边沿触发          中断处理函数: buttons_interrupt  参数:&button_irqs[i]        */        err = request_irq(button_irqs[i].irq, buttons_interrupt, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH,                           button_irqs[i].name, (void *)&button_irqs[i]);        if (err)            break;    }    if (err) {        i--;        for (; i >= 0; i--) {        if (button_irqs[i].irq < 0) {        continue;        }        disable_irq(button_irqs[i].irq);            free_irq(button_irqs[i].irq, (void *)&button_irqs[i]);        }        return -EBUSY;    }    ret = misc_register(&misc);printk (DEVICE_NAME"\tinitialized\n");return ret;}
    当中断产生时,就会调用到button_interrupt函数。

    3、button_interrupt函数

static irqreturn_t buttons_interrupt(int irq, void* pram){    struct button_irq_dec *irq_dec = (struct button_irq_dec *)pram;    char down = 1;    int number;    unsigned tmp_key;    unsigned tmp_led;    struct message *msg;    /*获取产生中断对应的按键号*/    number = irq_dec->number;    /*根据按键号处理LED灯状态*/    switch(number)    {        case 0:        case 1:        case 2:        case 3:            tmp_led = readl(S3C64XX_GPKDAT);            tmp_led = tmp_led & ~(0x10 << number);/*点亮LED灯*/            writel(tmp_led, S3C64XX_GPKDAT);                break;                case 4:        case 5:        case 6:        case 7:            tmp_led = readl(S3C64XX_GPKDAT);            tmp_led = tmp_led | (1 << number);/*熄灭LED灯*/            writel(tmp_led, S3C64XX_GPKDAT);                break;     }    //处理按键消息,获取按键号对应的状态:down or up    switch(number)    {        case 0:        case 1:        case 2:        case 3:        case 4:        case 5:            tmp_key = readl(S3C64XX_GPNDAT);            down = !(tmp_key & (1 << number));            break;        case 6:        case 7:            tmp_key = readl(S3C64XX_GPLDAT);            down = !(tmp_key & (1 << (number + 5)));            break;        default:            break;    }    /*申请一个msg空间,并填充其中的event,然后调用工作队列*/    msg = (struct message *)kmalloc(sizeof(struct message), GFP_ATOMIC);    if(msg != NULL)    {        strcpy(msg->event.name, irq_dec->name);        msg->event.isDown = down;        /*设置工作队列的函数*/        INIT_WORK(&msg->my_work, add_message);        /*启动工作队列*/        schedule_work(&msg->my_work);    }    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);}
    上面的中断函数使用工作队列的原因是:新建一个message,填充好event后,要添加到button_list中,但是在read函数中要把该链表的event返回到应用程序,所以要加锁控制同步,在中断程序中不能调用加锁函数(因为会导致睡眠),所以此处使用工作队列。

    工作队列的使用:INIT_WORK中只设置了函数地址,而函数的参数是work_struct对象地址。所以要把工作队列定义在message结构体中,这样在工作队列的函数中可以通过contain_of来获取我们要传递的参数。

    add_message函数:

static void add_message(struct work_struct * pram){    struct message *msg = container_of(pram, struct message, my_work);    if(msg ==NULL)        return ;    mutex_lock(&button_mtx);    list_add(&msg->list, &button_list);    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);    mutex_unlock(&button_mtx);    return ;}
    到这里,按键中断的处理以及返回给应用程序的按键消息已经封装好了,下面来看read函数的实现。

    4、read函数

static ssize_t button_message_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,size_t count, loff_t *ppos){    unsigned int number, i = 0, counts;    char is_wait = 0;    struct message * msg, *pre = NULL;    DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(my_wait,current);    mutex_lock(&button_mtx);    /*如果链表为空,说明没有按键消息,那么就等待*/    if(list_empty(&button_list))    {        mutex_unlock(&button_mtx);        is_wait = 1;        /*添加等待队列,设置当前进程状态,schedule()让出cpu*/        add_wait_queue(&button_waitq, &my_wait);        current->state = TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE;        schedule();    }    else    {        mutex_unlock(&button_mtx);    }    /*返回整数个struct uevent结构体*/    number = count / (sizeof(struct uevent));    mutex_lock(&button_mtx);    /*遍历链表,获取每个event*/    list_for_each_entry_reverse(msg, &button_list, list)    {        /*遍历的同时,删除上一个event*/        if(pre != NULL)        {            list_del(&pre->list);            kfree(pre);            pre = NULL;        }        /*把event copy到用户空间*/        counts = copy_to_user(buf + (i *(sizeof(struct uevent))), &msg->event, sizeof(struct uevent));        pre = msg;        i++;        if(i == number)            break;    }    if(pre != NULL)    {        list_del(&pre->list);        kfree(pre);        pre = NULL;    }    mutex_unlock(&button_mtx);    if(is_wait){        /*移出等待队列*/        remove_wait_queue(&button_waitq, &my_wait);        set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);    }    return number*(sizeof(struct uevent));}
    这样,驱动的主要函数都已经实现了,下面就列出应用程序如何来完成。

    5、应用程序代码

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/ioctl.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <fcntl.h>struct uevent{    char name[5];    char isDown;};int main(){    struct uevent event;    int fd = open("/dev/my_buttons", 0);if (fd < 0) {perror("open device leds");exit(1);}        while(1)    {        read(fd, &event, sizeof(struct uevent));        printf("%s is %s", event.name, event.isDown? "down\n": "up\n");    }    close(fd);}
    6、代码的编译

    驱动的makefile文件:

KERNELDIR:=/work/tiny6410/Linux/linux-2.6.38 //这是我的kernel代码位置PWD:=$(shell pwd)obj-m:=button.oall:make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modulesclean:rm -rf *.o *.ko
    应用程序的编译:

    arm-linux-gcc test.c -omain
    

    本人所有文章目录:http://blog.csdn.net/lrs030740304/article/details/7941984



 

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