文件系统介绍

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refer: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flash_file_systems#File_systems_optimized_for_flash_memory.2C_solid_state_media

Disk file systems

Disk file systems are usually block-oriented. Files in a block-oriented file system are sequences of blocks, often featuring fully random-access read, write, and modify operations.

ADFS –Acorn's Advanced Disc filing system, successor to DFS.
AdvFS - Advanced File System, designed byDigital Equipment Corporation for their Digital UNIX (now Tru64 UNIX) operating system.
AFS (Not to be confused with Andrew File System, below) – Acer Fast Filesystem, used onSCO OpenServer
AFS - Ami File Safe, a commercial filesystem shipped on Amiga in the 1990s (AFS is structure compatible withPFS)
AthFS -AtheOS File System, a 64-bitjournaled filesystem now used by Syllable. Also called AFS
BFS – the Be File System used onBeOS, occasionally misnamed as BeFS. Open source implementation called OpenBFS is used by theHaiku operating system.
Btrfs - is a copy-on-write file system for Linux announced by Oracle in 2007 and published under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
CBMFS – The filesystem used on mostCommodore 64-compatible floppy drives including the venerable1541.
CMDFS – A filesystem extension added to CBMFS byCreative Micro Designs, for use in their 3.5 inch floppy drives, RAM disks, and hard drive controllers.
CP/M file system — Native filesystem used in the CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers) operating system which was first released in the late 1970s.
DDFS – Data Domain File System, thedata deduplication file system that ships in the Data Domain Deduplication Storage Systems which are an alternative to tape for storing backups and archives.^[1]
DTFS – Desktop File System, featuring file compression, used bySCO OpenServer
DOS 3.x - Original floppy operating system and file system developed for theApple II
EAFS – Extended Acer Fast Filesystem, used onSCO OpenServer
Extent File System (EFS) – an older block filing system underIRIX.
ext – Extended file system, designed forLinux systems
ext2 – Second extended file system, designed forLinux systems.
ext3 – A journaled form of ext2.
ext4 – A follow up forext3 and also a journaled filesystem with support for extents.
ext3cow – Aversioning file system form of ext3.
FAT – File Allocation Table, used onDOS and Microsoft Windows; FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 for 12-, 16- and 32-bit table depths.
- VFAT – Optional layer onMicrosoft Windows FAT system to allow long (up to 255 character) filenames instead of only the8.3 filenames allowed in the plain FAT filesystem.
- FATX – A modified version ofMicrosoft Windows FAT system that is used on the original Xbox console.
FFS (Amiga) – Fast File System, used onAmiga systems. This FS has evolved over time. Now counts FFS1, FFS Intl, FFS DCache, FFS2.
FFS – Fast File System, used on *BSD systems
Fossil –Plan 9 from Bell Labs snapshot archival file system.
Files-11 –OpenVMS file system; also used on somePDP-11 systems; supports record-oriented files
HFS – Hierarchical File System, in use until HFS+ was introduced on Mac OS 8.1. Also known as Mac OS Standard format. Successor to Macintosh File System (MFS) & predecessor to HFS+; not to be confused with IBM's HFS provided with z/OS
HFS+ – Updated version of Apple’s HFS, Hierarchical File System, supported on Mac OS 8.1 & above, including Mac OS X. Supports file system journaling, enabling recovery of data after a system crash. Also referred to as 'Mac OS Extended format or HFS Plus
HPFS – High Performance File System, used onOS/2
HTFS – High Throughput Filesystem, used onSCO OpenServer
ISO 9660 – Used onCD-ROM and DVD-ROM discs (Rock Ridge andJoliet are extensions to this)
JFS –IBM Journaling file system, provided in Linux, OS/2, andAIX. Supports extents.
JXFS used inAmigaOS 4.1.
LisaFS - Filesystem used byApple Lisa's operating system. Unique in that it allowed two different files with exactly same name ("foo" and "foo").
LFS – 4.4BSD implementation of alog-structured file system
MFS – Macintosh File System, used on earlyMac OS systems. Succeeded by Hierarchical File System (HFS).
Next3 – A form ofext3 with snapshots support.^[2]
MFS – TiVo's Media File System, a proprietary fault tolerant format used onTivo hard drives for real time recording from live TV.
Minix file system – Used onMinix systems
NILFS – Linux implementation of alog-structured file system
NTFS – (New Technology File System) Used onMicrosoft'sWindows NT-based operating systems
NetWare File System - The originalNetWare 2.x - 5.x file system, used optionally by later versions.
NSS – Novell Storage Services. This is a new 64-bitjournaling file system using a balanced tree algorithm. Used in NetWare versions 5.0-up and recently ported to Linux.
OneFS - One File System. This is a fully journaled, distributed file system used byIsilon. OneFS uses FlexProtect and Reed-Solomon encodings to support up to four simultaneous disk failures.
OFS – Old File System, on Amiga. Good for floppies, but fairly useless on hard drives.
PFS – and PFS2, PFS3, etc. Technically interesting file system available for theAmiga, performs very well under a lot of circumstances. Very simple and elegant.
ProDOS - Operating system and file system successor toDOS 3.x, for use on Apple’s computers prior to the Macintosh & Lisa computers, the Apple series, including theIIgs
Qnx4fs - File system that is used inQNX version 4 and 6.
Qnx6fs - Newcopy-on-write file system presented inQNX 6.4.0 and used as default since 6.4.1.
ReFS (Resilient File System) - New file system byMicrosoft that is built on the foundations ofNTFS (but cannot boot, has a default custer size of 64 KB and does not support compression) and is intended to be used with theWindows Server 2012 operating system.
ReiserFS – File system that usesjournaling
Reiser4 – File system that usesjournaling, newest version of ReiserFS
Reliance – Datalight's transactional file system for high reliability applications
Reliance Nitro – Tree-based transactional file system developed for high-performance embedded systems, from Datalight
S51K –AT&T UNIX System V 1KB Filesystem, used by SCO UNIX and SCO OpenServer
SkyFS - Developed forSkyOS to replace BFS as the operating system's main file system. It is based on BFS, but contains many new features.
SFS – Smart File System,journaling file system available for the Amiga platforms.
SpadFS - Linux - non-journaling, hashing lookup
STL (standard language file system) - a file system developed by IBM.^[3]
TRFS - Experimental, design only
Tux3 - An experimental versioning file system intended as a replacement for ext3
UDF – Packet based file system for WORM/RW media such as CD-RW and DVD, now supports hard drives and flash memory as well.
UFS – Unix File System, used onSolaris and older BSD systems
UFS2 – Unix File System, used on newerBSD systems
VxFSVeritas file system, first commercial journaling file system^{[citation needed]}; HP-UX, Solaris, Linux,AIX
VLIR (Variable Length Indexed Record) – a filesystem extension added by Berkeley Softworks to CBMFS, allowing full random access read and write operations, for computers running GEOS.
WAFL – Write Anywhere File Layout. High performance,log-structured like file system. WAFL uses RAID-DP to protect against multiple disk failures, and NVRAM for transaction log replays. Used onNetApp systems
XFS – Used on SGI IRIX and Linux systems
ZFS - Sun Microsystems ZFS open source specification ported toIBM zSeries systems.

File systems with built-in fault-tolerance

These file systems have built-in checksumming and either mirroring or parity for extra redundancy on one or several block devices.

Btrfs - A filesystem based onB-Trees, created by Oracle Corporation.
HAMMER - DragonflyBSD's primary filesystem, created by Matt Dillon
Reliance – A transactional file system withCRCs, created by Datalight.
Reliance Nitro – A tree-based transactional file system with CRCs, developed for high performance and reliability in embedded systems, from Datalight.
ZFS – Created by Sun Microsystems for use on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris, ported to FreeBSD 7.0, NetBSD (as of 08/2009),Linux^[4] and toFUSE (not to be confused with the two zFSes from IBM)

File systems optimized for flash memory, solid state media

Main article: Flash file system

Solid state media, like flash memory, are similar to disks in their interfaces, but have different problems. On low level, they require special handling such aswear leveling and differenterror detection and correction algorithms. Typically a device such as solid-state disk handles such operations internally and therefore a regular file system can be used. However, for certain specialized installations (embedded systems, industrial applications) a file system optimized for plain flash memory is needed.

CASL is a filesystem designed byNimble Storage that uses Solid State Devices to cache traditional hard drives.
ETFS - Embedded Transactional File System. Designed primarily for NAND devices byQNX Software Systems.
exFAT - Microsoft proprietary system intended for flash cards^[5]
ExtremeFFS - Internal file system for SSDs.
F2FS – Flash-Friendly File System. An open source Linux file system introduced bySamsung in 2012.^[6]
FFS2 (presumably preceded by FFS1), one of the earliest flash file systems. Developed and patented byMicrosoft in the early 1990s.^[7]
JFFS – Original log structured Linux file system for NOR flash media
JFFS2 – Successor of JFFS, forNAND and NOR flash
LogFS – Intended to replace JFFS2, better scalability. In early development.
Non-Volatile File System—the "non-volatile file system" forflash memory introduced byPalm, Inc..
OneFS - OneFS is a file system utilized byIsilon. It supports selective placement of meta-data directly onto flash SSD.
Segger Microcontroller SystemsemFile - File system for deeply embedded applications which supports both NAND and NOR flashes. Wear leveling, fast read and write, and very low RAM usage.
TFAT – A transactional version of the FAT filesystem.
TrueFFS - Internal file system for SSDs, implementing error correction, bad block re-mapping and wear levelling.
UBIFS – Successor of JFFS2 optimized to utilize non-volatile DRAM
UFFS - Ultra low cost flash file system for embedded system^[8]
Unison RTOS - Fsys-Nand/Nor small footprint low cost flash file system for embedded systems^[9]
Write Anywhere File Layout - WAFL is an internal file system utilized byNetApp within their DataONTAP OS, originally optimized to use non-volatile DRAM
XCFiles – an exFAT implementation from Datalight forWind River VxWorks and other embedded operating systems
YAFFS – A Log structured file system designed for NAND flash, but also used with NOR flash.
ZFS - Allows placing write-ahead log (ZIL) on flash, and using flash as a second-level read cache (L2ARC)

Record-oriented file systems

In record-oriented file systems files are stored as a collection of records. They are typically associated with mainframe and minicomputer operating systems. Programs read and write whole records, rather than bytes or arbitrary byte ranges, and can seek to a record boundary but not within records. The more sophisticated record-oriented file systems have more in common with simpledatabases than with other file systems.

Files-11 – early versions were record-oriented; support for "streams" was added later
Michigan Terminal System (MTS) - provides "line files" where record lengths and line numbers are associated as metadata with each record in the file, lines can be added, replaced, updated with the same or different length records, and deleted anywhere in the file without the need to read and rewrite the entire file.^[10]
OS4000 for GEC's OS4000 operating system, on theGEC 4000 series minicomputers
Queued sequential access method (QSAM) – also for IBM'sz/OS and z/VSE operating systems; see Access methods and Data set (IBM mainframe) for more examples
Pick Operating System - A record-oriented filesystem and database that uses hash-coding to store data.
RSD (record sequential delimited) - A record-oriented file system from IBM^[3]
Structured File Server (SFS) — A record-oriented file system from IBM, originally part of the Encina ^[11] system, now integrated intoCICS Transaction Server.^[12]
Virtual storage access method (VSAM) – for IBM'sz/OS and z/VSE operating systems

Shared disk file systems

Shared disk file systems (also called shared storage file systems, SAN file system, Clustered file system or even cluster file systems) are primarily used in astorage area network where all nodes directly access the block storage where the file system is located. This makes it possible for nodes to fail without affecting access to the file system from the other nodes. Shared disk file systems are normally used in ahigh-availability cluster together with storage on hardware RAID. Shared disk file systems normally do not scale over 64 or 128 nodes.

Shared disk file systems may be symmetric where metadata is distributed among the nodes or asymmetric with centralized metadata servers.

CXFS (Clustered XFS) fromSilicon Graphics (SGI). Available for Linux, Mac, Windows, Solaris, AIX and IRIX,. Asymmetric.
DataPlow SAN File System (SFS) fromDataPlow. Available for IRIX, Linux, Solaris and Windows. Asymmetric.
EMC Celerra HighRoad fromEMC. Available for Linux, AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris and Windows. Asymmetric.^{[citation needed]}
Files-11 onVMSclusters, released byDEC in 1983, now from HP. Symmetric.
GFS2 (Global File System) fromRed Hat. Available for Linux underGPL. Symmetric (GDLM) or Asymmetric (GULM).
IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) Windows, Linux, AIX . Parallel
HP Cluster File System (CFS) (TruCluster) fromHP. Available forTru64 UNIX.
Melio FS fromSanbolic. Available for Windows. Symmetric.^[13]
Nasan File System fromDataPlow. Available for Linux and Solaris. Asymmetric.
Oracle ACFS fromOracle Corporation. Available for Linux (Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 andOracle Enterprise Linux 5 only). Symmetric.
OCFS2 (Oracle Cluster File System) fromOracle Corporation. Available for Linux under GPL. Symmetric.
PolyServe file system (PSFS) fromPolyServe [1] is used in their PolyServe Matrix Server ^[14] which focus on exporting to clients overCIFS orNFS as well as Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle 9i RAC and 10g. Available for Linux and Windows. Symmetric.
pNFSpNFS development has been guided by a multi-vendor consortium of interested HPC vendors, including NetApp, Panasas, and even IBM.
StorNext File System fromQuantum. Asymmetric. Available for AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Linux, Mac OS, Solaris and Windows. Interoperable with Xsan. Formerly known as CVFS.
Blue Whale Clustered file system (BWFS) fromZhongke Blue Whale. Asymmetric. Available for Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X.
QFS from Sun Microsystems. Available for Linux (client only) and Solaris (metadata server and client). Asymmetric.
Veritas Storage Foundation fromSymantec. Available for AIX, HP-UX, Linux and Solaris. Asymmetric.
Xsan from Apple Inc.. Available for Mac OS. Asymmetric. Interoperable with StorNext File System.
VMFS fromVMware/EMC Corporation. Available forVMware ESX Server. Symmetric.
Z Research / Open Source GlusterFS
New Dream Network / Open Source Ceph

Distributed file systems

See also: Comparison of distributed file systems

Distributed file systems are also called network file systems. Many implementations have been made, they are location dependent and they haveaccess control lists (ACLs), unless otherwise stated below.

9P, the Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Inferno distributed file system protocol. One implementation is v9fs. No ACLs.
Amazon S3
Andrew File System (AFS) is scalable and location independent, has a heavy clientcache and uses Kerberos for authentication. Implementations include the original from IBM (earlier Transarc), Arla and OpenAFS.
Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) fromApple Inc.. AFP may useKerberos authentication.
DCE Distributed File System (DCE/DFS) from IBM (earlier Transarc) is similar to AFS and focus on full POSIX file system semantics and high availability. Available for AIX and Solaris under a proprietary software license.
File Access Listener (FAL) is an implementation of theData Access Protocol (DAP) which is part of the DECnet suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Microsoft Office Groove shared workspace, used forDoHyki
NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) fromNovell is used in networks based onNetWare.
Network File System (NFS) originally fromSun Microsystems is the standard in UNIX-based networks. NFS may use Kerberos authentication and a client cache. (4.1 only)
OS4000 Linked-OS provides distributed filesystem across OS4000 systems.
Secure File System (SFS)[2]
Self-certifying File System (SFS), a global network file system designed to securely allow access to file systems across separate administrative domains.
Server Message Block (SMB) originally fromIBM (but the most common version is modified heavily byMicrosoft) is the standard in Windows-based networks. SMB is also known asCommon Internet File System (CIFS). SMB may use Kerberos authentication.

Distributed fault-tolerant file systems

Distributed fault-tolerant replication of data between nodes (between servers or servers/clients) forhigh availability and offline (disconnected) operation.

Coda fromCarnegie Mellon University focuses on bandwidth-adaptive operation (including disconnected operation) using a client-side cache for mobile computing. It is a descendant of AFS-2. It is available forLinux under the GPL.
Distributed File System (Dfs) fromMicrosoft focuses on location transparency andhigh availability. Available for Windows under a proprietary software license.
InterMezzo fromCluster File Systems uses synchronization over HTTP. Available for Linux under GPL but no longer in development since the developers are working on Lustre.
Moose File System (MooseFS) fromGemius SA is a networking, distributed file system. It spreads data over several physical locations (servers), which are visible to a user as one resource. Works on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenSolaris and Mac OS X. Master server and chunkservers can also run on Solaris and Windows with Cygwin.
Tahoe-LAFS^[15] is an open source secure, decentralized, fault-tolerant filesystem utilizing encryption as the basis for a least-authority replicated design.

Distributed parallel file systems

Distributed parallel file systems stripe data over multiple servers for high performance. They are normally used inhigh-performance computing (HPC).

Some of the distributed parallel file systems use object storage device (OSD) (In Lustre called OST) for chunks of data together with centralizedmetadata servers.

Fraunhofer Parallel File System (FhGFS) from theFraunhofer Society Competence Center for High Performance Computing. Available free of charge forLinux under a proprietary license. (High availability features are on the roadmap.)
Parallel Virtual File System (PVFS, PVFS2). Developed to store virtual system images, with a focus on non shared writing optimizations. Available for Linux under GPL.
Starfish is aPOSIX-compatible, N-way redundant file system created by Digital Bazaar Inc. and published under a pseudo open source license. Available forLinux and Mac OS. Windows support is available via Samba.

Distributed parallel fault-tolerant file systems

Distributed file systems, which also are parallel and fault tolerant, stripe and replicate data over multiple servers for high performance and to maintaindata integrity. Even if a server fails no data is lost. The file systems are used in bothhigh-performance computing (HPC) and high-availability clusters.

All file systems listed here focus on high availability, scalability and high performance unless otherwise stated below.

NameByLicenseOSDescriptionCephInktankLGPLLinuxA massively scalable object store. Ceph was merged into the linux kernel in 2010. Ceph’s foundation is the Reliable Autonomic Distributed Object Store (RADOS), which provides object storage via programmatic interface and S3 or Swift REST APIs, block storage to QEMU/KVM/Linux hosts, and POSIX filesystem storage which can be mounted by linux kernel and FUSE clients.CloudStoreKosmixApache License 2.0 Google File System workalikeCosmosMicrosoft internalinternal software Focuses on fault tolerance, high throughput and scalability. Designed for terabyte and petabyte sized data sets and processing with Dryad.dCacheDESY and others A write once filesystem, accessible via various protocolsExaFSExanetproprietary software Distributed file system, runs as part of ExaStore, a Linux based NAS solution that runs on commodity Intel based hardware, serving NFS v2/v3, SMB/CIFS and AFP toWindows, Mac OS,Linux and other UNIX clients.FS-ManagerCDNetworksproprietary softwareLinuxFocused on Content Delivery NetworkGfarm file systemAsia Pacific GridX11 LicenseLinux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD,NetBSD and SolarisUses OpenLDAP orPostgreSQL for metadata andFUSE or LUFS for mountingGeneral Parallel File System (GPFS)IBMproprietaryAIX, Linux and WindowsSupport replication between attached block storage. Symmetric or asymmetric (configurable)GlusterFSGluster, a company acquired by Red HatGNU General Public License v3Linux, Mac OS X, NetBSD,FreeBSD, OpenSolarisA general purpose distributed file system for scalable storage. It aggregates various storage bricks over Infiniband RDMA or TCP/IP interconnect into one large parallel network file system.GlusterFS is the main component in Red Hat Storage Server.Google File System (GFS)Googleinternal softwareGoogle App EngineFocus on fault tolerance, high throughput and scalabilityIBRIX FusionIBRIXproprietary softwareLinux Lustreoriginally developed by Cluster File Systems and currently supported by Intel (formerly Whamcloud)GPLLinuxA POSIX-compliant, high-performance filesystem. Lustre hashigh availability via storage failoverMogileFSDanga InteractiveGPLLinux (but may be ported)Is not POSIX compliant, uses a flat namespace, application level, usesMySQL or Postgres for metadata and HTTP for transport.OneFS distributed file systemIsilon FreeBSDBSD based OS on dedicated Intel based hardware, serving NFS v3 and SMB/CIFS toWindows, Mac OS,Linux and other UNIX clients under a proprietary softwarePanasas ActiveScale File System (PanFS)Panasasproprietary softwareLinuxUses object storage devicesPeerFSRadiant Data Corporationproprietary softwareLinuxFocus on high availability and high performance and uses peer-to-peer replication with multiple sources and targetsTahoe-LAFSTahoe-LAFS Software FoundationGNU GPL 2+ and other^[16]Windows,Linux, OS Xsecure, decentralized, fault-tolerant, peer-to-peer distributed data store and distributed file systemTerraGrid Cluster File SystemTerrascale Technologies Incproprietary softwareLinuxImplements on demand cache coherency and uses industrial standard iSCSI and a modified version of the XFS file systemXtreemFS[3]Contrail E.U. project, the German MoSGrid project and the German project "First We Take Berlin"open-source (GPL)Linux, Solariscross-platform file system for wide area networks. It replicates the data for fault tolerance and caches metadata and data to improve performance over high-latency links.SSL and X.509 certificates support makes XtreemFS usable over public networks. It also supportsStriping for usage in a cluster.Chiron FS ^[17] is afuse-based, transparent replication file system, layering on an existing file system and implementing at the file system level whatRAID 1 does at the device level. A notably convenient consequence is the possibility of picking single target directories, without the need of replicating entire partitions. (The project has no visible activity after 2008, a status request in Oct. 2009 in the chironfs-forum is unanswered)

In development:

PlasmaFS^[18] is a free and open-source (GPL) userspace filesystem focusing on data safety and security. PlasmaFS provides a transactional API which is accessible over a SunRPC-based protocol. PlasmaFS can also be mounted as NFS volume, and is POSIX-compliant. Both data and metadata are replicated.
WebDFS An Open Source scalable, decentralized file store similar toMogileFS in function and purpose. Uses HTTP as the transport. Data is automatically and optimally re-arranged to accommodate the addition of new resources. The lack of central meta data management greatly simplifies deployment and use.
zFS fromIBM (not to be confused withZFS from Sun Microsystems or the zFS file system provided with IBM's z/OS operating system) focus on cooperative cache and distributed transactions and uses object storage devices. Under development and not freely available.
Hadoop Distributed File System - free GoogleFS clone produced by Apache.http://hadoop.apache.org/
HAMMER/ANVIL byMatt Dillon
OASIS fromETRI. Very similar to theLustre or Panasas. Available forLinux via. special technology transfer program provided by ETRI.
GLORY-FS also fromETRI. Very similar to theGoogle File System or Hadoop, but it is fully POSIX compliant. It is specially optimized for large-scale web 2.0 content services. Version 2.5 is available forLinux via. special technology transfer program provided by ETRI.Windows version is under development.
parallax^[19]
PNFS (Parallel NFS) - Clients available forLinux and OpenSolaris and back-ends from NetApp, Panasas,EMCHighroad and IBM GPFS ^[20]
Coherent Remote File System (CRFS) - requiresBtrfs
Parallel Optimized Host Message Exchange Layered File System (POHMELFS) and Distributed STorage (DST). POSIX compliant, added to Linux kernel 2.6.30
Sector [4] from National Center for Data Mining. Sector is a high performance, scalable, and secure distributed file system. Available underApache License 2.0
StarFS fromCDNetworks. The StarFS is a global storage platform which supports virtualization of distributed file system and event-driven file synchronization with remote StarFS clusters.
Unilium[5] provides a decentralized, versioning file system stored in content addressable storage, whose data may be hosted across heterogeneous data storage nodes.

Peer-to-peer file systems

Some of these may be called cooperative storage cloud.

CFS is a read-only file system based on theChord DHT
Cleversafe uses CauchyReed-Solomon Information Dispersal Algorithms (IDAs) to separate data into unrecognizable slices and distribute them, via secure Internet connections, to multiple storage locations.
Infinit is a peer-to-peer file system, coded in C++, allowing users to store, access and share their files in a safe and collaborative way from any Internet-connected device.
Ivy^[21] is a multi-user read/write peer-to-peer file system. Ivy has no centralized or dedicated components, and it provides useful integrity properties without requiring users to fully trust either the underlying peer-to-peer storage system or the other users of the file system.
Pastis file system is a French peer-to-peer file system developed in Java
ColonyFS emphasises anonymity, security and dependability, is written in Java and C#, and is released under theGPL

Special purpose file systems

archfs (archive)
aufs an enhanced version ofUnionFS stackable unification file system
AXFS (small footprint compressed read-only, withXIP)
Barracuda WebDAV plug-in. Secure Network File Server for embedded devices.
Boot File System was used on UnixWare to store files necessary to its boot process.
Cascade File System – provides file system access toSubversion and Perforce repositories and caches their contents locally
cdfs (reading and writing of CDs)
Compact Disc File System (reading and writing of CDs; experimental)
cfs (caching)
cvsfs (presents the CVS contents as mountable file system).
Dokan LGPL FUSE for Windows analog
compFUSEd (overlay transparent read-write compression, FUSE based)
FuseCompress (overlay transparent read-write compression, FUSE based)
Cramfs (small footprint compressed read-only)
Cromfs is a user-space (FUSE based) read-only filesystem using an efficient LZMA compression algorithm.
Davfs2 (WebDAV)-
Freenet – Decentralized, censorship-resistant
FTPFS/CurlFtpFS (ftp access)
GmailFS (Google Mail File System)
lnfs (long names)
mhddfs - Join several filesystems together to form a single larger one
mini fo (The mini fanout overlay file system) – Redirects modifying operations to a writeable location called "storage directory", and leaving the original data in the "base directory" untouched. When reading, the file system merges the modified and original data so that only the newest versions will appear. Most prominently used inOpenWrt^[22]
MVFS – MultiVersion File System, proprietary, used byRational ClearCase.
MTFS – stackable file system, reliability improvement mechanism for Lustre and other file systems based on replication.
nntpfs (netnews)
ParFiSys (Experimental parallel file system formassively parallel processing)
pramfs - Protected and Persistent RAM Filesystem
RAIF Redundant Array of Independent Filesystems - stackable RAID-like file system
romfs
SODA: a Lease-based Consistent Distributed File System - (early 1990s)
SquashFS (compressed read-only)
SysmanFS (based onFUSE, a virtual file system for cluster system management)
tmpfs in-memory temporary file system (on Linux platforms).
UMSDOS - FAT file system extended to store permissions and metadata, used for Linux
UnionFS - stackable unification file system, which can appear to merge the contents of several directories (branches), while keeping their physical content separate
Venti - Plan 9 de-duplicated storage used byFossil.
wikifs (Plan 9) (wiki wiki)
WDK.VFS -SiteAdmin CMS Virtual File System introduced by Evgenios Skitsanos
Datalight Reliance - transactional file system for 32-bit embedded systems fromDatalight, Inc.
ERTFS ProPlus64 - it comes with integrated Failsafe operation, it contains a default journaling mode.
WBFS - Wii Backup FileSystem
whefs - WanderingHorse.net Embedded Filesystem is an open source C library implementing an embedded/embeddable filesystem.

Pseudo- and virtual file systems

devfs – Virtual file system in Unix-like operating systems for managing devices on-the-fly
procfs – Pseudo-file system, used to access kernel information about processes
specfs – Special File System for device files
sysfs – Virtual file system in Unix-like operating systems holding information about buses, devices, firmware, filesystems, etc.
WinFS – Windows Future Storage, was planned as the successor to NTFS for Windows Vista.

Encrypted file systems

eCryptfs - a stacked cryptographic file system in the Linux kernel since 2.6.19
Secure Shell File System (SSHFS) - locally mount a remote directory on a server using only asecure shell login.
EncFS, GPL Encrypted file system in user-space
Rubberhose filesystem
PhoneBookFS
Solid File System - (SolFS) cross-platform single-file virtual file system with encryption and compression
EFS – Encrypted file system forMicrosoft Windows systems and AIX. An extension of NTFS
FSFS - Fast Secure File System Project Home page
ZFS Encryption SupportProject Home page

Files system interfaces

These are not really file systems; they allow access to file systems from an operating system standpoint.

FUSE (file system in userspace, likeLUFS but better maintained)
LUFS (Linux userland file system - seems to be abandoned in favour ofFUSE)
VFS Virtual Filesystem

References

^Zhu, Ben; Li, Kai; Patterson, Hugo (2008)."Avoiding the Disk Bottleneck in the Data Domain Deduplication File System". Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST ’08). San Jose, CA. pp. 269-282.
^Corbet, Jonathan. "The Next3 filesystem". LWN.
^ ^a ^b "Help - IBM AIX Compilers". Publib.boulder.ibm.com. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
^"ZFS on Linux". ZFS on Linux. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
^"Description of the exFAT file system driver update package". Support.microsoft.com. 2011-10-08. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
^Michael Larabel (2011-10-05)."Samsung Introduces New Linux File-System: F2FS". phoronix.com. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
^"United States Patent: 5392427". Patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
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