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使用UDEV在Oracle Linux 6上安装Oracle 11g RAC(11.2.0.3) (一)

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参考：http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/11g/oracle-db-11gr2-rac-installation-on-oracle-linux-6-using-virtualbox.php


有关于Oracle Linux 6的安装可以参考Oracle Linux 6 Installation。安装两台OL6分配两个网卡内存均为3G,hostname分别为node1和node2。

OS版本你也可以选择CentOS6或者是RHEL6,建议初次安装选择CentOS6/RHEL6。选择Oracle Linux6可以使用OL6提供的oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall来简化oracle database software和grid infrastructure的安装,目前在RHEL6/OL6 Linux上认证的唯一数据库版本为11.2.0.3.


oracle11gR2 RAC引入了SCANIP(集群的单客户端访问名称)

如果您曾经通过添加新节点来扩展 Oracle RAC（或者通过删除节点来缩小 RAC），更新每个客户端的 SQL*Net 或 JDBC 配置以反映这个新增或删除的节点！为解决此问题，Oracle 11g R2引入了一个新特性，即单客户端访问名称（简称为 SCAN）。SCAN 这个新特性为客户端提供了单一的主机名，用于访问集群中运行的 Oracle 数据库。如果您在集群中添加或删除节点，使用 SCAN 的客户端无需更改自己的 TNS 配置。无论集群包含哪些节点，SCAN 资源及其关联的 IP 地址提供了一个稳定的名称供客户端进行连接使用。在 Oracle Grid Infrastructure 安装过程的询问阶段，系统会要求您提供主机名和最多三个 IP 地址以便用于 SCAN 资源。为了获得较高的可用性和可伸缩性，Oracle 建议你对 SCAN 名称进行配置，以便解析为三个 IP 地址。SCAN 必须至少解析为一个地址。

SCAN 虚拟 IP 名称类似于节点的虚拟 IP 地址所使用的名称，如 node1-vip。然而，与虚拟 IP 不同的是，SCAN 与整个集群相关联，而不是与一个节点相关联，它可与多个 IP 地址相关联，而不是只与一个地址相关联。注意，SCAN 地址、虚拟 IP 地址和公共 IP 地址必须属于同一子网。


这里我在dns服务器中定义scanip,dns服务器ip为192.168.1.200。

以下操作在dns服务器上


安装bind等相关软件

  1. [root@dns ~]# yum install bind bind-devel bind-chroot caching-nameserver  
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror  
  3. Determining fastest mirrors  
  4.  * base: centos.ustc.edu.cn  
  5.  * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn  
  6.  * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn  
  7. base                                                                                                                                            | 1.1 kB     00:00       
  8. base/primary                                                                                                                                    | 1.2 MB     00:09       
  9. base                                                                                                                                                         3591/3591  
  10. extras                                                                                                                                          | 2.1 kB     00:00       
  11. extras/primary_db                                                                                                                               | 207 kB     00:00       
  12. updates                                                                                                                                         | 1.9 kB     00:00       
  13. updates/primary_db                                                                                                                              | 1.0 MB     00:01       
  14. Setting up Install Process  
  15. Resolving Dependencies  
  16. --> Running transaction check  
  17. ---> Package bind.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5 set to be updated  
  18. --> Processing Dependency: bind-libs = 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5 for package: bind  
  19. ---> Package bind-chroot.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5 set to be updated  
  20. ---> Package bind-devel.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5 set to be updated  
  21. --> Processing Dependency: libbind9.so.0 for package: bind-devel  
  22. --> Processing Dependency: libisccc.so.0 for package: bind-devel  
  23. --> Processing Dependency: libdns.so.26 for package: bind-devel  
  24. --> Processing Dependency: libisccfg.so.1 for package: bind-devel  
  25. --> Processing Dependency: liblwres.so.9 for package: bind-devel  
  26. --> Processing Dependency: libisc.so.15 for package: bind-devel  
  27. ---> Package bind-devel.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5 set to be updated  
  28. ---> Package caching-nameserver.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5 set to be updated  
  29. --> Running transaction check  
  30. --> Processing Dependency: bind-libs = 30:9.3.6-16.P1.el5 for package: bind-utils  
  31. ---> Package bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5 set to be updated  
  32. ---> Package bind-libs.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5 set to be updated  
  33. --> Running transaction check  
  34. ---> Package bind-utils.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5 set to be updated  
  35. --> Finished Dependency Resolution  
  36.   
  37. Dependencies Resolved  
  38.   
  39. =======================================================================================================================================================================  
  40.  Package                                     Arch                            Version                                            Repository                        Size  
  41. =======================================================================================================================================================================  
  42. Installing:  
  43.  bind                                        x86_64                          30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                             updates                          989 k  
  44.  bind-chroot                                 x86_64                          30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                             updates                           47 k  
  45.  bind-devel                                  i386                            30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                             updates                          2.8 M  
  46.  bind-devel                                  x86_64                          30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                             updates                          2.8 M  
  47.  caching-nameserver                          x86_64                          30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                             updates                           64 k  
  48. Installing for dependencies:  
  49.  bind-libs                                   i386                            30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                             updates                          864 k  
  50. Updating for dependencies:  
  51.  bind-libs                                   x86_64                          30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                             updates                          897 k  
  52.  bind-utils                                  x86_64                          30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                             updates                          180 k  
  53.   
  54. Transaction Summary  
  55. =======================================================================================================================================================================  
  56. Install       6 Package(s)  
  57. Upgrade       2 Package(s)  
  58.   
  59. Total download size: 8.5 M  
  60. Is this ok [y/N]: y  
  61. Downloading Packages:  
  62. (1/8): bind-chroot-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                               |  47 kB     00:00       
  63. (2/8): caching-nameserver-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                        |  64 kB     00:00       
  64. (3/8): bind-utils-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                | 180 kB     00:00       
  65. (4/8): bind-libs-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5.i386.rpm                                                                                                   | 864 kB     00:00       
  66. (5/8): bind-libs-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                 | 897 kB     00:00       
  67. (6/8): bind-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                      | 989 kB     00:00       
  68. (7/8): bind-devel-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5.i386.rpm                                                                                                  | 2.8 MB     00:11       
  69. (8/8): bind-devel-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                | 2.8 MB     00:02       
  70. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
  71. Total                                                                                                                                  315 kB/s | 8.5 MB     00:27       
  72. warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897  
  73. updates/gpgkey                                                                                                                                  | 1.5 kB     00:00       
  74. Importing GPG key 0xE8562897 "CentOS-5 Key (CentOS 5 Official Signing Key) <centos-5-key@centos.org>" from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5  
  75. Is this ok [y/N]: y  
  76. Running rpm_check_debug  
  77. Running Transaction Test  
  78. Finished Transaction Test  
  79. Transaction Test Succeeded  
  80. Running Transaction  
  81.   Updating       : bind-libs                                                                                                                                      1/10   
  82.   Installing     : bind                                                                                                                                           2/10   
  83.   Installing     : bind-libs                                                                                                                                      3/10   
  84.   Installing     : bind-chroot                                                                                                                                    4/10   
  85.   Installing     : caching-nameserver                                                                                                                             5/10   
  86.   Installing     : bind-devel                                                                                                                                     6/10   
  87.   Updating       : bind-utils                                                                                                                                     7/10   
  88.   Installing     : bind-devel                                                                                                                                     8/10   
  89.   Cleanup        : bind-libs                                                                                                                                      9/10   
  90.   Cleanup        : bind-utils                                                                                                                                    10/10   
  91.   
  92. Installed:  
  93.   bind.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                   bind-chroot.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                    bind-devel.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5              
  94.   bind-devel.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5             caching-nameserver.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5              
  95.   
  96. Dependency Installed:  
  97.   bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                                                                                                                                  
  98.   
  99. Dependency Updated:  
  100.   bind-libs.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                                           bind-utils.x86_64 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.5                                            
  101.   
  102. Complete!  



修改配置文件,将localhost和127.0.0.1修改为any

  1. [root@dns ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/  
  2. [root@dns etc]# cp -p named.caching-nameserver.conf named.conf  
  3. [root@dns etc]# cat named.conf   
  4. //  
  5. // named.caching-nameserver.conf  
  6. //  
  7. // Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package to configure the  
  8. // ISC BIND named(8) DNS server as a caching only nameserver   
  9. // (as a localhost DNS resolver only).   
  10. //  
  11. // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.  
  12. //  
  13. // DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - use system-config-bind or an editor  
  14. // to create named.conf - edits to this file will be lost on   
  15. // caching-nameserver package upgrade.  
  16. //  
  17. options {  
  18.     listen-on port 53 { any; };  
  19.     listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };  
  20.     directory   "/var/named";  
  21.     dump-file   "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";  
  22.         statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";  
  23.         memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";  
  24.   
  25.     // Those options should be used carefully because they disable port  
  26.     // randomization  
  27.     // query-source    port 53;   
  28.     // query-source-v6 port 53;  
  29.   
  30.     allow-query     { any; };  
  31.     allow-query-cache { any; };  
  32. };  
  33. logging {  
  34.         channel default_debug {  
  35.                 file "data/named.run";  
  36.                 severity dynamic;  
  37.         };  
  38. };  
  39. view localhost_resolver {  
  40.     match-clients      { any; };  
  41.     match-destinations { any; };  
  42.     recursion yes;  
  43.     include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";  
  44. };  



配置反向解析zone文件解析scanip,在named.rfc1912.zones末尾加上
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa." IN {
type master;
file "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
allow-update { none; };
};
  1. [root@dns etc]# cat named.rfc1912.zones   
  2. // named.rfc1912.zones:  
  3. //  
  4. // Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package   
  5. //  
  6. // ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by  
  7. // RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones  
  8. //   
  9. // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.  
  10. //  
  11. zone "." IN {  
  12.     type hint;  
  13.     file "named.ca";  
  14. };  
  15.   
  16. zone "localdomain" IN {  
  17.     type master;  
  18.     file "localdomain.zone";  
  19.     allow-update { none; };  
  20. };  
  21.   
  22. zone "localhost" IN {  
  23.     type master;  
  24.     file "localhost.zone";  
  25.     allow-update { none; };  
  26. };  
  27.   
  28. zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {  
  29.     type master;  
  30.     file "named.local";  
  31.     allow-update { none; };  
  32. };  
  33.   
  34. zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {  
  35.         type master;  
  36.     file "named.ip6.local";  
  37.     allow-update { none; };  
  38. };  
  39.   
  40. zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {  
  41.     type master;  
  42.     file "named.broadcast";  
  43.     allow-update { none; };  
  44. };  
  45.   
  46. zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {  
  47.     type master;  
  48.     file "named.zero";  
  49.     allow-update { none; };  
  50. };  
  51.   
  52. zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa." IN {  
  53.     type master;  
  54.     file "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa";  
  55.     allow-update { none; };  
  56. };  


配置正,反向解析数据库文件,在反向解析文件中加入
57 IN PTR cluster-scan.localdomain.
58 IN PTR cluster-scan.localdomain.
59 IN PTR cluster-scan.localdomain.

  1. [root@dns etc]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/  
  2. [root@dns named]# cp -p named.local 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa  
  3. [root@dns named]# cat 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa   
  4. $TTL    86400  
  5. @       IN      SOA     localhost. root.localhost.  (  
  6.                                       1997022700 ; Serial  
  7.                                       28800      ; Refresh  
  8.                                       14400      ; Retry  
  9.                                       3600000    ; Expire  
  10.                                       86400 )    ; Minimum  
  11.         IN      NS      localhost.  
  12. 1       IN      PTR     localhost.  
  13. 57  IN  PTR cluster-scan.localdomain.  
  14. 58  IN  PTR cluster-scan.localdomain.  
  15. 59  IN  PTR cluster-scan.localdomain.  


在正向解析文件中加入
cluster-scan IN A 192.168.1.57
cluster-scan IN A 192.168.1.58
cluster-scan IN A 192.168.1.59
  1. [root@dns named]# pwd  
  2. /var/named/chroot/var/named  
  3. [root@dns named]# cat localdomain.zone   
  4. $TTL    86400  
  5. @       IN SOA  localhost root (  
  6.                     42      ; serial (d. adams)  
  7.                     3H      ; refresh  
  8.                     15M     ; retry  
  9.                     1W      ; expiry  
  10.                     1D )        ; minimum  
  11.             IN NS       localhost  
  12. localhost   IN A        127.0.0.1  
  13. cluster-scan    IN A        192.168.1.57  
  14. cluster-scan    IN A        192.168.1.58  
  15. cluster-scan    IN A        192.168.1.59  


启动dns

  1. [root@dns named]# /etc/init.d/named start  
  2. Starting named:                                            [  OK  ]  

到此dns服务器上的操作完毕。



在node1和node2的/etc/resolv.conf文件加上
nameserver 192.168.1.200

  1. [root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf   
  2. search localdomain  
  3. nameserver 192.168.1.200  
  4. nameserver 61.147.37.1  
  1. [root@node2 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf   
  2. search localdomain  
  3. nameserver 192.168.1.200  
  4. nameserver 61.147.37.1  


测试dns,node1和node2的hosts文件配置

  1. #node1  
  2. 192.168.1.51     node1.localdomain         node1  
  3. 192.168.1.151    node1-vip.localdomain     node1-vip  
  4. 172.168.1.51     node1-priv.localdomain    node1-priv  
  5.   
  6. #node2  
  7. 192.168.1.52     node2.localdomain         node2  
  8. 192.168.1.152    node2-vip.localdomain     node2-vip  
  9. 172.168.1.52     node2-priv.localdomain    node2-priv  
  10.   
  11. #scanip  
  12. 192.168.1.57     cluster-scan.localdomain  cluster-scan  
  13. 192.168.1.58     cluster-scan.localdomain  cluster-scan  
  14. 192.168.1.59     cluster-scan.localdomain  cluster-scan  



node1

  1. [root@node1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.1.57  
  2. Server:     192.168.1.200  
  3. Address:    192.168.1.200#53  
  4.   
  5. 57.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa   name = cluster-scan.localdomain.  
  6.   
  7. [root@node1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.1.58  
  8. Server:     192.168.1.200  
  9. Address:    192.168.1.200#53  
  10.   
  11. 58.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa   name = cluster-scan.localdomain.  
  12.   
  13. [root@node1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.1.59  
  14. Server:     192.168.1.200  
  15. Address:    192.168.1.200#53  
  16.   
  17. 59.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa   name = cluster-scan.localdomain.  
  18.   
  19. [root@node1 ~]# nslookup cluster-scan  
  20. Server:     192.168.1.200  
  21. Address:    192.168.1.200#53  
  22.   
  23. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  24. Address: 192.168.1.58  
  25. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  26. Address: 192.168.1.59  
  27. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  28. Address: 192.168.1.57  
  29.   
  30. [root@node1 ~]# nslookup cluster-scan.localdomain  
  31. Server:     192.168.1.200  
  32. Address:    192.168.1.200#53  
  33.   
  34. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  35. Address: 192.168.1.57  
  36. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  37. Address: 192.168.1.58  
  38. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  39. Address: 192.168.1.59  


node2

  1. [root@node2 ~]# nslookup 192.168.1.57  
  2. Server:     192.168.1.200  
  3. Address:    192.168.1.200#53  
  4.   
  5. 57.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa   name = cluster-scan.localdomain.  
  6.   
  7. [root@node2 ~]# nslookup 192.168.1.58  
  8. Server:     192.168.1.200  
  9. Address:    192.168.1.200#53  
  10.   
  11. 58.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa   name = cluster-scan.localdomain.  
  12.   
  13. [root@node2 ~]# nslookup 192.168.1.59  
  14. Server:     192.168.1.200  
  15. Address:    192.168.1.200#53  
  16.   
  17. 59.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa   name = cluster-scan.localdomain.  
  18.   
  19. [root@node2 ~]# nslookup cluster-scan  
  20. Server:     192.168.1.200  
  21. Address:    192.168.1.200#53  
  22.   
  23. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  24. Address: 192.168.1.59  
  25. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  26. Address: 192.168.1.57  
  27. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  28. Address: 192.168.1.58  
  29.   
  30. [root@node2 ~]# nslookup cluster-scan.localdomain  
  31. Server:     192.168.1.200  
  32. Address:    192.168.1.200#53  
  33.   
  34. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  35. Address: 192.168.1.58  
  36. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  37. Address: 192.168.1.59  
  38. Name:   cluster-scan.localdomain  
  39. Address: 192.168.1.57  

dns测试通过
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