ASM工具集合-amdu

这个工具功能非常强大，可以在磁盘组unmount的情况下，直接读取ASM磁盘的file directory部分，找到文件和目录结构，然后根据用户需求，直接将文件抽取出来，因此功能非常强大。

AMDU是Oracle 11g里自带的一个免费的工具，用于分析ASM磁盘组的元数据以及从不能mount的磁盘组中往外抽取数据文件。

“NOTE:553639.1 Placeholder for AMDU binaries and using with ASM 10g”明确指出：AMDU也可用于10g，并提供了可用于10g的AMDU的各个操作系统的版本供大家下载。

AMDU的原理是解析file directory，这一点ODU也是一样，只不过ODU做的更彻底一些，即使file directory全部损坏，ODU也可以把数据文件抽取出来，尽最大的可能挽救用户的数据。

首先要知道的是如何确定要抽取的文件名字

amdu -dump 'DATA'

从image中找出文件sequence号
strings DATA_0001.img |more
...
DATAFILE
system01.dbf
sysaux01.dbf
undotbs01.dbf
users01.dbf
CONTROLFILE
control01.ctl

一般256的文件时control01.ctl文件，如果不是可以向下计算。
amdu -extract 'DATA.256'

256是SYSTEM表空间：
strings DATA_256.f |more
}|{z
M5#PFT10G
SYSTEM
_SYSSMU2$

从256开始数，260是控制文件。
amdu -extract 'DATA.260'

我们来看一个用AMDU从不能mount的磁盘组中往外抽取数据文件的实例：

我们现在shutdown Oracle实例和ASM实例：

[root@bspdev odu]# su – oracle

[oracle@bspdev ~]$ sqlplus ‘/ as sysdba’;

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Feb 23 10:43:36 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production

With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production

With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@bspdev ~]$ su – grid

Password:

[grid@bspdev ~]$ sqlplus ‘/ as sysasm’;

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Feb 23 10:45:05 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production

With the Automatic Storage Management option

SQL> shutdown immediate

ASM diskgroups dismounted

ASM instance shutdown

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production

With the Automatic Storage Management option

[grid@bspdev ~]$ crsctl status res

NAME=ora.DATA.dg

TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type

TARGET=OFFLINE

STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.LISTENER.lsnr

TYPE=ora.listener.type

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=ONLINE on bspdev

NAME=ora.RECO.dg

TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type

TARGET=OFFLINE

STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.asm

TYPE=ora.asm.type

TARGET=OFFLINE

STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.cssd

TYPE=ora.cssd.type

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=ONLINE on bspdev

NAME=ora.diskmon

TYPE=ora.diskmon.type

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=ONLINE on bspdev

NAME=ora.ora11g.db

TYPE=ora.database.type

TARGET=OFFLINE

STATE=OFFLINE

在ASM diskgroup不能mount的情况下asmcmd不能使用：

[grid@bspdev ~]$ asmcmd

Connected to an idle instance.

ASMCMD> ls

ASMCMD-08102: no connection to ASM; command requires ASM to run

但此时ODU内嵌的asmcmd是可以使用的，所以我们可以轻易的使用ODU内嵌的asmcmd命令来得到所有的datafile的名称：

[grid@bspdev ~]$ su -

Password:

[root@bspdev ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/odu

[root@bspdev odu]# ./odu

Oracle Data Unloader:Release 4.2.1

Copyright (c) 2008,2009,2010,2011 XiongJun. All rights reserved.

Web: http://www.oracleodu.com

Email: [e-mail]

loading default config…….

byte_order little

block_size 8192

block_buffers 1024

db_timezone -7

Invalid db timezone:-7

client_timezone 8

Invalid client timezone:8

asmfile_extract_path /odu/asmfile

data_path data

lob_path /odu/data/lob

charset_name AL32UTF8

ncharset_name AL16UTF16

output_format text

lob_storage infile

clob_byte_order big

trace_level 1

delimiter |

unload_deleted no

file_header_offset 0

is_tru64 no

record_row_addr no

convert_clob_charset yes

use_scanned_lob yes

trim_scanned_blob yes

lob_switch_dir_rows 20000

db_block_checksum yes

db_block_checking yes

rdba_file_bits 10

compatible 10

load config file ‘config.txt’ successful

loading default asm disk file ……

grp# dsk# bsize ausize disksize diskname groupnamepath

—- —- —– —— ——– ————— ————— ——————————————–

1 0 4096 1024K 9000 DATA_0000 DATA /dev/sda3

1 14096 1024K 9000 DATA_0001 DATA/dev/sda5

1 2 4096 1024K 9000 DATA_0002 DATA /dev/sda6

2 0 4096 1024K 9000 RECO_0000 RECO /dev/sda7

2 1 4096 1024K 7288 RECO_0001 RECO /dev/sda8

load asm disk file ‘asmdisk.txt’ successful

loading default control file ……

ts# fn rfn bsizeblocks bf offset filename

—- —- —- —– ——– — —— ——————————————–

load control file ‘control.txt’ successful

loading dictionary data……done

loading scanned data……done

ODU> asmcmd

Entering asmcmd module.

ASMCMD> ls

Current directory: <root>

Disk Group

————————————

DATA

RECO

ASMCMD> cd +DATA

Current directory: +DATA

ASMCMD> ls

Current directory: +DATA

Name

—————————————-

ASM <DIR>

ORA11G <DIR>

ASMCMD> cd ORA11G

Current directory: +DATA/ORA11G

ASMCMD> ls

Current directory: +DATA/ORA11G

Name

—————————————-

DATAFILE <DIR>

CONTROLFILE <DIR>

ONLINELOG <DIR>

TEMPFILE <DIR>

PARAMETERFILE <DIR>

spfileora11g.ora => +DATA.265.747311071

ASMCMD> cd DATAFILE

Current directory: +DATA/ORA11G/DATAFILE

可以看到，当前的第259号（这个259是ASM的internal file number）文件名称为+DATA/ORA11G/DATAFILE / USERS.259.747310451：

ASMCMD> ls

Current directory: +DATA/ORA11G/DATAFILE

Name

—————————————-

SYSTEM.256.747310449

SYSAUX.257.747310449

UNDOTBS1.258.747310451

USERS.259.747310451

MYTEST.266.761050749

GAOZCINDEX.267.770299335

GAOZCINDEX1 => +DATA.267.770299335

GAOZCDATA.268.770299347

GAOZCDATA1 => +DATA.268.770299347

现在我们用AMDU把这个文件给抽出来，注意现在这个文件所在的磁盘组DATA还是处于unmount状态。

用AMDU抽取数据文件的语法非常简单，只需要指定磁盘组所在的设备文件名称（可以用*号模糊匹配），以及磁盘组的名称和待抽取的数据文件号（这里的数据文件号是指ASM的internal file number）就可以了：

[root@bspdev odu]# /u01/app/oracle/bin/amdu -diskstring ‘/dev/sda*’ -extract ‘DATA.259′

amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34/

进入上述目录，可以看到抽取出的第259号文件DATA_259.f已经生成：

[root@bspdev odu]# cd amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34

[root@bspdev amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34]# ls -lrt

total 39744

-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 8600 Feb 23 11:21 report.txt

-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 40640512 Feb 23 11:21 DATA_259.f

我们现在再用ODU把259号文件提出来，跟AMDU做一个对比：

[root@bspdev amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34]# cd ..

[root@bspdev odu]# ./odu

Oracle Data Unloader:Release 4.2.1

Copyright (c) 2008,2009,2010,2011 XiongJun. All rights reserved.

Web: http://www.oracleodu.com

Email: [e-mail]

loading default config…….

byte_order little

block_size 8192

block_buffers 1024

db_timezone -7

Invalid db timezone:-7

client_timezone 8

Invalid client timezone:8

asmfile_extract_path /odu/asmfile

data_path data

lob_path /odu/data/lob

charset_name AL32UTF8

ncharset_name AL16UTF16

output_format text

lob_storage infile

clob_byte_order big

trace_level 1

delimiter |

unload_deleted no

file_header_offset 0

is_tru64 no

record_row_addr no

convert_clob_charset yes

use_scanned_lob yes

trim_scanned_blob yes

lob_switch_dir_rows 20000

db_block_checksum yes

db_block_checking yes

rdba_file_bits 10

compatible 10

load config file ‘config.txt’ successful

loading default asm disk file ……

grp# dsk# bsize ausize disksize diskname groupnamepath

—- —- —– —— ——– ————— ————— ——————————————–

1 0 4096 1024K 9000 DATA_0000 DATA /dev/sda3

1 14096 1024K 9000 DATA_0001 DATA/dev/sda5

1 2 4096 1024K 9000 DATA_0002 DATA /dev/sda6

2 0 4096 1024K 9000 RECO_0000 RECO /dev/sda7

2 1 4096 1024K 7288 RECO_0001 RECO /dev/sda8

load asm disk file ‘asmdisk.txt’ successful

loading default control file ……

ts# fn rfn bsizeblocks bf offset filename

—- —- —- —– ——– — —— ——————————————–

0 1 1 8192112640 N 0 +DATA/ORA11G/DATAFILE/SYSTEM.256.747310449

1 2 2 8192119040 N 0 +DATA/ORA11G/DATAFILE/SYSAUX.257.747310449

2 3 3 819270400 N 0 +DATA/ORA11G/DATAFILE/UNDOTBS1.258.747310451

4 4 4 81924960 N 0 +DATA/ORA11G/DATAFILE/USERS.259.747310451

load control file ‘oductl.dat’ successful

loading dictionary data……done

loading scanned data……done

ODU> asmcmd

Entering asmcmd module.

注意：ODU的最新版本中extract命令已被copy命令替换了：

ASMCMD> extract asmfile +DATA/ORA11G/DATAFILE/USERS.259.747310451 to /u01/app/oracle/odu/amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34/user01.dbf

starting extract asm file ‘+DATA/ORA11G/DATAFILE/USERS.259.747310451′ to ‘/u01/app/oracle/odu/amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34/user01.dbf’,file size is 40640512

asm file extract completed.

ASMCMD> exit

Exiting asmcmd module.

[root@bspdev odu]# cd amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34

[root@bspdev amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34]# ls -lrt

total 79476

-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 8600 Feb 23 11:21 report.txt

-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 40640512 Feb 23 11:21 DATA_259.f

-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 40640512 Feb 23 11:27 user01.dbf

从结果里可以看到，两者大小一模一样。

从dbv校验的结果来看，两者内容也是一模一样：

[oracle@bspdev ~]$ dbv file=/u01/app/oracle/odu/amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34/DATA_259.f blocksize=8192

DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production on Thu Feb 23 11:29:50 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY – Verification starting : FILE = /u01/app/oracle/odu/amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34/DATA_259.f

DBVERIFY – Verification complete

Total Pages Examined : 4960

Total Pages Processed (Data) : 4442

Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0

Total Pages Processed (Index): 33

Total Pages Failing (Index): 0

Total Pages Processed (Other): 334

Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0

Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0

Total Pages Empty : 151

Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0

Total Pages Influx : 0

Total Pages Encrypted : 0

Highest block SCN : 2132237218 (1932.2132237218)

[oracle@bspdev ~]$ dbv file=/u01/app/oracle/odu/amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34/user01.dbf blocksize=8192

DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production on Thu Feb 23 11:30:11 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY – Verification starting : FILE = /u01/app/oracle/odu/amdu_2012_02_23_11_21_34/user01.dbf

DBVERIFY – Verification complete

Total Pages Examined : 4960

Total Pages Processed (Data) : 4442

Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0

Total Pages Processed (Index): 33

Total Pages Failing (Index): 0

Total Pages Processed (Other): 334

Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0

Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0

Total Pages Empty : 151

Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0

Total Pages Influx : 0

Total Pages Encrypted : 0

Highest block SCN : 2132237218 (1932.2132237218)