listview异步图片加载之优化篇(android)

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Listview异步加载之优化篇

关于listview的异步加载,网上其实很多示例了,总体思想差不多,不过很多版本或是有bug,或是有性能问题有待优化。有鉴于此,本人在网上找了个相对理想的版本并在此基础上进行改造,下面就让在下阐述其原理以探索个中奥秘,与诸君共赏…

        

贴张效果图先:


 

         异步加载图片基本思想:

1.      先从内存缓存中获取图片显示(内存缓冲)

2.      获取不到的话从SD卡里获取(SD卡缓冲)

3.      都获取不到的话从网络下载图片并保存到SD卡同时加入内存并显示(视情况看是否要显示)

 

OK,先上adapter的代码:

 

public class LoaderAdapter extends BaseAdapter{private static final String TAG = "LoaderAdapter";private boolean mBusy = false;public void setFlagBusy(boolean busy) {this.mBusy = busy;}private ImageLoader mImageLoader;private int mCount;private Context mContext;private String[] urlArrays;public LoaderAdapter(int count, Context context, String []url) {this.mCount = count;this.mContext = context;urlArrays = url;mImageLoader = new ImageLoader(context);}public ImageLoader getImageLoader(){return mImageLoader;}@Overridepublic int getCount() {return mCount;}@Overridepublic Object getItem(int position) {return position;}@Overridepublic long getItemId(int position) {return position;}@Overridepublic View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {ViewHolder viewHolder = null;if (convertView == null) {convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);viewHolder = new ViewHolder();viewHolder.mTextView = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_tips);viewHolder.mImageView = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_image);convertView.setTag(viewHolder);} else {viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();}String url = "";url = urlArrays[position % urlArrays.length];viewHolder.mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);if (!mBusy) {mImageLoader.DisplayImage(url, viewHolder.mImageView, false);viewHolder.mTextView.setText("--" + position+ "--IDLE ||TOUCH_SCROLL");} else {mImageLoader.DisplayImage(url, viewHolder.mImageView, true);viewHolder.mTextView.setText("--" + position + "--FLING");}return convertView;}static class ViewHolder {TextView mTextView;ImageView mImageView;}}


 

关键代码是ImageLoader的DisplayImage方法,再看ImageLoader的实现

 

public class ImageLoader {private MemoryCache memoryCache = new MemoryCache();private AbstractFileCache fileCache;private Map<ImageView, String> imageViews = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<ImageView, String>());// 线程池private ExecutorService executorService;public ImageLoader(Context context) {fileCache = new FileCache(context);executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);}// 最主要的方法public void DisplayImage(String url, ImageView imageView, boolean isLoadOnlyFromCache) {imageViews.put(imageView, url);// 先从内存缓存中查找Bitmap bitmap = memoryCache.get(url);if (bitmap != null)imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);else if (!isLoadOnlyFromCache){// 若没有的话则开启新线程加载图片queuePhoto(url, imageView);}}private void queuePhoto(String url, ImageView imageView) {PhotoToLoad p = new PhotoToLoad(url, imageView);executorService.submit(new PhotosLoader(p));}private Bitmap getBitmap(String url) {File f = fileCache.getFile(url);// 先从文件缓存中查找是否有Bitmap b = null;if (f != null && f.exists()){b = decodeFile(f);}if (b != null){return b;}// 最后从指定的url中下载图片try {Bitmap bitmap = null;URL imageUrl = new URL(url);HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) imageUrl.openConnection();conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);conn.setReadTimeout(30000);conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(f);CopyStream(is, os);os.close();bitmap = decodeFile(f);return bitmap;} catch (Exception ex) {Log.e("", "getBitmap catch Exception...\nmessage = " + ex.getMessage());return null;}}// decode这个图片并且按比例缩放以减少内存消耗,虚拟机对每张图片的缓存大小也是有限制的private Bitmap decodeFile(File f) {try {// decode image sizeBitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o);// Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.final int REQUIRED_SIZE = 100;int width_tmp = o.outWidth, height_tmp = o.outHeight;int scale = 1;while (true) {if (width_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE|| height_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE)break;width_tmp /= 2;height_tmp /= 2;scale *= 2;}// decode with inSampleSizeBitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();o2.inSampleSize = scale;return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2);} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {}return null;}// Task for the queueprivate class PhotoToLoad {public String url;public ImageView imageView;public PhotoToLoad(String u, ImageView i) {url = u;imageView = i;}}class PhotosLoader implements Runnable {PhotoToLoad photoToLoad;PhotosLoader(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) {this.photoToLoad = photoToLoad;}@Overridepublic void run() {if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))return;Bitmap bmp = getBitmap(photoToLoad.url);memoryCache.put(photoToLoad.url, bmp);if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))return;BitmapDisplayer bd = new BitmapDisplayer(bmp, photoToLoad);// 更新的操作放在UI线程中Activity a = (Activity) photoToLoad.imageView.getContext();a.runOnUiThread(bd);}}/** * 防止图片错位 *  * @param photoToLoad * @return */boolean imageViewReused(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) {String tag = imageViews.get(photoToLoad.imageView);if (tag == null || !tag.equals(photoToLoad.url))return true;return false;}// 用于在UI线程中更新界面class BitmapDisplayer implements Runnable {Bitmap bitmap;PhotoToLoad photoToLoad;public BitmapDisplayer(Bitmap b, PhotoToLoad p) {bitmap = b;photoToLoad = p;}public void run() {if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))return;if (bitmap != null)photoToLoad.imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);}}public void clearCache() {memoryCache.clear();fileCache.clear();}public static void CopyStream(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {final int buffer_size = 1024;try {byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer_size];for (;;) {int count = is.read(bytes, 0, buffer_size);if (count == -1)break;os.write(bytes, 0, count);}} catch (Exception ex) {Log.e("", "CopyStream catch Exception...");}}}


先从内存中加载,没有则开启线程从SD卡或网络中获取,这里注意从SD卡获取图片是放在子线程里执行的,否则快速滑屏的话会不够流畅,这是优化一。于此同时,在adapter里有个busy变量,表示listview是否处于滑动状态,如果是滑动状态则仅从内存中获取图片,没有的话无需再开启线程去外存或网络获取图片,这是优化二。ImageLoader里的线程使用了线程池,从而避免了过多线程频繁创建和销毁,有的童鞋每次总是new一个线程去执行这是非常不可取的,好一点的用的AsyncTask类,其实内部也是用到了线程池。在从网络获取图片时,先是将其保存到sd卡,然后再加载到内存,这么做的好处是在加载到内存时可以做个压缩处理,以减少图片所占内存,这是优化三。

而图片错位问题的本质源于我们的listview使用了缓存convertView,假设一种场景,一个listview一屏显示九个item,那么在拉出第十个item的时候,事实上该item是重复使用了第一个item,也就是说在第一个item从网络中下载图片并最终要显示的时候其实该item已经不在当前显示区域内了,此时显示的后果将是在可能在第十个item上输出图像,这就导致了图片错位的问题。所以解决之道在于可见则显示,不可见则不显示。在ImageLoader里有个imageViews的map对象,就是用于保存当前显示区域图像对应的url集,在显示前判断处理一下即可。

下面再说下内存缓冲机制,本例采用的是LRU算法,先看看MemoryCache的实现

 

public class MemoryCache {private static final String TAG = "MemoryCache";// 放入缓存时是个同步操作// LinkedHashMap构造方法的最后一个参数true代表这个map里的元素将按照最近使用次数由少到多排列,即LRU// 这样的好处是如果要将缓存中的元素替换,则先遍历出最近最少使用的元素来替换以提高效率private Map<String, Bitmap> cache = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap<String, Bitmap>(10, 1.5f, true));// 缓存中图片所占用的字节,初始0,将通过此变量严格控制缓存所占用的堆内存private long size = 0;// current allocated size// 缓存只能占用的最大堆内存private long limit = 1000000;// max memory in bytespublic MemoryCache() {// use 25% of available heap sizesetLimit(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 10);}public void setLimit(long new_limit) {limit = new_limit;Log.i(TAG, "MemoryCache will use up to " + limit / 1024. / 1024. + "MB");}public Bitmap get(String id) {try {if (!cache.containsKey(id))return null;return cache.get(id);} catch (NullPointerException ex) {return null;}}public void put(String id, Bitmap bitmap) {try {if (cache.containsKey(id))size -= getSizeInBytes(cache.get(id));cache.put(id, bitmap);size += getSizeInBytes(bitmap);checkSize();} catch (Throwable th) {th.printStackTrace();}}/** * 严格控制堆内存,如果超过将首先替换最近最少使用的那个图片缓存 *  */private void checkSize() {Log.i(TAG, "cache size=" + size + " length=" + cache.size());if (size > limit) {// 先遍历最近最少使用的元素Iterator<Entry<String, Bitmap>> iter = cache.entrySet().iterator();while (iter.hasNext()) {Entry<String, Bitmap> entry = iter.next();size -= getSizeInBytes(entry.getValue());iter.remove();if (size <= limit)break;}Log.i(TAG, "Clean cache. New size " + cache.size());}}public void clear() {cache.clear();}/** * 图片占用的内存 *  * [url=home.php?mod=space&uid=2768922]@Param[/url] bitmap *  * @return */long getSizeInBytes(Bitmap bitmap) {if (bitmap == null)return 0;return bitmap.getRowBytes() * bitmap.getHeight();}}

首先限制内存图片缓冲的堆内存大小,每次有图片往缓存里加时判断是否超过限制大小,超过的话就从中取出最少使用的图片并将其移除,当然这里如果不采用这种方式,换做软引用也是可行的,二者目的皆是最大程度的利用已存在于内存中的图片缓存,避免重复制造垃圾增加GC负担,OOM溢出往往皆因内存瞬时大量增加而垃圾回收不及时造成的。只不过二者区别在于LinkedHashMap里的图片缓存在没有移除出去之前是不会被GC回收的,而SoftReference里的图片缓存在没有其他引用保存时随时都会被GC回收。所以在使用LinkedHashMap这种LRU算法缓存更有利于图片的有效命中,当然二者配合使用的话效果更佳,即从LinkedHashMap里移除出的缓存放到SoftReference里,这就是内存的二级缓存,有兴趣的童鞋不凡一试。

 

好了,唠嗑了这么久也该收尾了,下面附上工程链接:

 http://download.csdn.net/detail/geniuseoe2012/5046389


more brilliant,Please pay attention to my CSDN blog -->http://blog.csdn.net/geniuseoe2012

 

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