Customer-exit总结

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Customer-exit是SAP ABAP的第二代增强技术, 它主要能实现三个方面的增强:

1. Function-exit(功能增强)

2. Menu-exit(菜单增强)

3. Screen-exit(屏幕增强)

Find Customer-exit

通常找增强点有三种方法, 建议用程序来找, 简单, 快捷, 准确

方法1: 搜关键字法(缺点:有时不能把所有点找到)

Step 1: 以TCODE: SE38为例, 对应的程序是SAPLS38E, 先进去程序的代码界面, 点系统工具栏的FIND按扭

Step 2: 查找关键字CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION

Step 3: 按确定后就能看到对应的结果了

方法2: 利用TCODE: CMOD来找

Step 1: CMOD-> Utilities-> SAP enhancements, 我们可以通过Package或Component name来找, 还可以选择要找的增强类型. (这里我用Component name来找, EXIT_PROGRAMNAME*, 我选所有的增强类型, 如果用Package来找可以找到同一个Package下的其他程序的增强点)

Step 2: 按F8后查看结果

方法3: 通过一个网上流传很广的程序去找, 下面是程序的代码

TABLES:tstc,tadir,modsapt,modact,trdir,tfdir,enlfdir,sxs_attrt,tstct.DATA : jtab LIKE tadir OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.DATA : field1(30).DATA : v_devclass LIKE tadir-devclass.PARAMETERS : p_tcode LIKE tstc-tcode,             p_pgmna LIKE tstc-pgmna .DATA wa_tadir TYPE tadir.START-OF-SELECTION.  IF NOT p_tcode IS INITIAL.    SELECT SINGLE * FROM tstc WHERE tcode EQ p_tcode.  ELSEIF NOT p_pgmna IS INITIAL.    tstc-pgmna = p_pgmna.  ENDIF.  IF sy-subrc EQ 0.    SELECT SINGLE * FROM tadir    WHERE pgmid = 'R3TR'      AND object = 'PROG'      AND obj_name = tstc-pgmna.    MOVE : tadir-devclass TO v_devclass.    IF sy-subrc NE 0.      SELECT SINGLE * FROM trdir        WHERE name = tstc-pgmna.      IF trdir-subc EQ 'F'.        SELECT SINGLE * FROM tfdir          WHERE pname = tstc-pgmna.        SELECT SINGLE * FROM enlfdir          WHERE funcname = tfdir-funcname.        SELECT SINGLE * FROM tadir          WHERE pgmid = 'R3TR'          AND object = 'FUGR'          AND obj_name EQ enlfdir-area.        MOVE : tadir-devclass TO v_devclass.      ENDIF.    ENDIF.    SELECT * FROM tadir INTO TABLE jtab WHERE pgmid = 'R3TR' AND      object IN ('SMOD', 'SXSD') AND      devclass = v_devclass.    SELECT SINGLE * FROM tstct WHERE sprsl EQ sy-langu AND      tcode EQ p_tcode.    FORMAT COLOR COL_POSITIVE INTENSIFIED OFF.    WRITE:/(19) 'Transaction Code - ',    20(20) p_tcode,    45(50) tstct-ttext.    SKIP.    IF NOT jtab[] IS INITIAL.      WRITE:/(105) sy-uline.      FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING INTENSIFIED ON.      SORT jtab BY object.      DATA : wf_txt(60) TYPE c,             wf_smod TYPE i ,             wf_badi TYPE i ,             wf_object2(30) TYPE c.      CLEAR : wf_smod, wf_badi , wf_object2.      LOOP AT jtab INTO wa_tadir.        AT FIRST.          FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING INTENSIFIED ON.          WRITE:/1 sy-vline,              2 'Enhancement/ Business Add-in',              41 sy-vline ,              42 'Description',              105 sy-vline.          WRITE:/(105) sy-uline.        ENDAT.        CLEAR wf_txt.        AT NEW object.          IF wa_tadir-object = 'SMOD'.            wf_object2 = 'Enhancement' .          ELSEIF wa_tadir-object = 'SXSD'.            wf_object2 = ' Business Add-in'.          ENDIF.          FORMAT COLOR COL_GROUP INTENSIFIED ON.          WRITE:/1 sy-vline,                2 wf_object2,                105 sy-vline.        ENDAT.        CASE wa_tadir-object.          WHEN 'SMOD'.            wf_smod = wf_smod + 1.            SELECT SINGLE modtext INTO wf_txt              FROM modsapt              WHERE sprsl = sy-langu                AND name = wa_tadir-obj_name.            FORMAT COLOR COL_NORMAL INTENSIFIED OFF.          WHEN 'SXSD'.            " For BADis            wf_badi = wf_badi + 1 .            SELECT SINGLE text INTO wf_txt              FROM sxs_attrt              WHERE sprsl = sy-langu                AND exit_name = wa_tadir-obj_name.            FORMAT COLOR COL_NORMAL INTENSIFIED ON.        ENDCASE.        WRITE:/1 sy-vline,              2 wa_tadir-obj_name HOTSPOT ON,              41 sy-vline ,              42 wf_txt,              105 sy-vline.        AT END OF object.          WRITE : /(105) sy-uline.        ENDAT.      ENDLOOP.      WRITE:/(105) sy-uline.      SKIP.      FORMAT COLOR COL_TOTAL INTENSIFIED ON.      WRITE:/ 'No.of Exits:' , wf_smod.      WRITE:/ 'No.of BADis:' , wf_badi.    ELSE.      FORMAT COLOR COL_NEGATIVE INTENSIFIED ON.      WRITE:/(105) 'No userexits or BADis exist'.    ENDIF.  ELSE.    FORMAT COLOR COL_NEGATIVE INTENSIFIED ON.    WRITE:/(105) 'Transaction does not exist'.  ENDIF.AT LINE-SELECTION.  DATA : wf_object TYPE tadir-object.  CLEAR wf_object.  GET CURSOR FIELD field1.  CHECK field1(8) EQ 'WA_TADIR'.  READ TABLE jtab WITH KEY obj_name = sy-lisel+1(20).  MOVE jtab-object TO wf_object.  CASE wf_object.    WHEN 'SMOD'.      SET PARAMETER ID 'MON' FIELD sy-lisel+1(10).      CALL TRANSACTION 'SMOD' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN.    WHEN 'SXSD'.      SET PARAMETER ID 'EXN' FIELD sy-lisel+1(20).      CALL TRANSACTION 'SE18' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN.  ENDCASE.

Step 1: 输入Selection screen的值, TCODE或program name

Step 2: 按F8查看结果

Customer-exit的实现

1. Function-exit的实现

Step 1: CMOD-> Create project

Step 2: Enhancement assignments

Step3: 保存, 激活

Step 4: Write enhancement code

Step 5: 测试结果

2. Menu-exit的实现

Step 1: CMOD-> Create project

Step 2: Enhancement assignments

Step 3: 保存, 激活

Step 4: Add the menu test

Step 5: Write the enhancement code and activate it

Step 6: 测试结果

3. Screen-exit的实现

现在我对IW22增加一个子屏幕

STEP 1: 找触发点

程序SAPLIQS0里面screen太多了, 有些screen少的程序可以直接看flow logic来查看customer subscreen area

来判断屏幕的逻辑, 同时可以根据语句call customer-subscreen来判断, 当然debug也可以.

这里还是直接用搜索的方法来找出口吧

首先找到程序的Package:

通过程序RPR_ABAP_SOURCE_SCAN去查找语句call customer-subscreen

这里找出了5个exit, 我这里只截了其中一个的图

注意PBO事件里call的前面有个MODULE USER0002_OUTPUT_O90

PAI事件里call的后面有个MODULE USER0002_INPUT_I90

在PBO那个module里面打个断点, 5个exit都打

然后运行TCODE IW22输入notification number后按回车

可以看到, 程序在user0001断下来了.

进入subroutine user_exit_008_f90就可以看到exit EXIT_SAPMIWO0_008了.

按两下F6, 我们可以看到customer subscreen的程序和屏幕号

Step 2: CMOD建Project, assign exit QQMA0001, 激活.

Step 3: 到表QMEL的include structure CI_QMEL那里增加两个field

Step 4: 到目标screen去建需要的field

Step 5: 定义全局变量(SAPLXQQM->LXQQMTOP->ZXQQMTOP)

Step 6: 到ZXQQMU07去写两句代码

Step 7: 到ZXQQMU08去写两句代码, 顺便写上按钮触发事件(不知道为什么写在9100的PAI没有反应)

Step 8: 测试一下, 当我按下button时, 出现Zero test后, 又出现了另一条Error message Requested function Z8ZE is not available here.

我Debug这条message的位置附近发现程序有一个select 表T158F的过程.

下面是ABAP stack

Step 9: Google一下这个表, 发现这里有一个screen control的概念, 到TCODE VFBS里对表T158F和表T158增加一条新纪录(PM模块好几个TCODE的FCODE增强都需要这一步, FCODE最好是以Z8或Z9开头的四位字符, 这个namespace可以在report RDDKOR54查得到)

(这里有个链接有比较详细的解释: http://scn.sap.com/message/374999 )

表T158F:

表T158:

到此为止, 增强做完了

Step10: 效果图

P.S. 1: Clear SY-UCOMM的问题

留意到我step 7的那段代码

IF sy-ucomm = 'Z8ZE'.  MESSAGE 'Zero test' TYPE 'I'.ENDIF.

其实这样写并不是很恰当, 我之前留意到更多前辈是这样写的

DATA: lv_ucomm TYPE sy_ucomm.clear lv_ucomm.lv_ucomm = sy-ucomm.CLEAR sy-ucomm.IF lv_ucomm = 'Z8ZE'.  MESSAGE 'Zero test' TYPE 'I'.ENDIF.

之前一直不知道这样写有什么作用, 现在知道了, 就我这个例子而言, 当我按了Test那个按钮后, 就会弹出'Zero test'的message, 但当我放大或缩小当前session的窗口后, message又再一次弹出来, 这是证明了像放大或缩小窗口这种操作并不会重置function code, function code还是之前操作那个, 该走的逻辑还是会走...

过了几天后, Palm童鞋发现这个message在放大缩小窗口时还是会弹出来, 我debug了program, 发现在customer subscreen的逻辑走完后, 回到上一层的subsreen, sy-ucomm居然还是'Z8ZE', 这是什么问题还搞不清楚.

我想试一下在这一层清掉sy-ucomm, 看能否解决重复弹message的问题

首先修改一下customer-exit的代码

然后在7212这个Screen这一层加上隐式增强代码

看看ABAP stack

最后问题顺利解决

P.S. 2: IW22的screen配置

IW22的屏幕增强还和SPRO的配置有关, 配置路径SPRO->Plant Maintenance and Customer Service->Maintenance and Service Processing->Maintenance and Service Notifications->Notification Creation->Notification Types->Set screen Templates for notification type.

在这里我对M1类型增加了一个tab Zero test, 之前的增强是在tab Notification 1里面做的

这里可以把期中一个subscreen area配成Customer subscreen, 如果没有配的话之前的增强就不会成立, 即使加断点也不会跑那一段程序