Spring事务配置的五种方式

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原文地址：

http://www.blogjava.net/robbie/archive/2009/04/05/264003.html

Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->     <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>       <!-- 配置DAO -->    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>       <bean id="userDao"         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">            <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->            <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />            <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />          <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->         <property name="transactionAttributes">             <props>                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>            </props>         </property>     </bean> </beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->     <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>       <bean id="transactionBase"             class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"             lazy-init="true" abstract="true">         <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->         <property name="transactionAttributes">             <props>                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>             </props>         </property>     </bean>         <!-- 配置DAO -->    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>       <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />      </bean></beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->     <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>       <bean id="transactionInterceptor"         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->         <property name="transactionAttributes">             <props>                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>             </props>         </property>     </bean>         <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">         <property name="beanNames">             <list>                 <value>*Dao</value>            </list>         </property>         <property name="interceptorNames">             <list>                 <value>transactionInterceptor</value>             </list>         </property>     </bean>      <!-- 配置DAO -->    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean></beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">    <context:annotation-config />    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />    <bean id="sessionFactory"             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->     <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">        <tx:attributes>            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />        </tx:attributes>    </tx:advice>       <aop:config>        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />           </aop:config>     </beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">    <context:annotation-config />    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>    <bean id="sessionFactory"             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->     <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>   </beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;import java.util.List;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;@Transactional@Component("userDao")public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {    public List<User> listUsers() {        return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();    }      }