android 手机设备唯一标识

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转自 http://blog.csdn.net/yansanjianke/article/details/7859966

唯一标识码这东西在网络应用中非常有用，例如检测是否重复注册之类的。

Java代码

import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
private String android_id = Secure.getString(getContext().getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);

[java] view plaincopy

import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
private String android_id = Secure.getString(getContext().getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);

我们在项目过程中或多或少会使用到设备的唯一识别码，我们希望能够得到一个稳定、可靠的设备唯一识别码。今天我们将介绍几种方式。

1. DEVICE_ID

假设我们确实需要用到真实设备的标识，可能就需要用到DEVICE_ID。在以前，我们的Android设备是手机，这个DEVICE_ID可以同通过TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()获取，它根据不同的手机设备返回IMEI，MEID或者ESN码，但它在使用的过程中会遇到很多问题：

非手机设备：如果只带有Wifi的设备或者音乐播放器没有通话的硬件功能的话就没有这个DEVICE_ID
权限：获取DEVICE_ID需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限，但如果我们只为了获取它，没有用到其他的通话功能，那这个权限有点大才小用
bug：在少数的一些手机设备上，该实现有漏洞，会返回垃圾，如:zeros或者asterisks的产品

2. MAC ADDRESS

我们也可以通过手机的Wifi或者蓝牙设备获取MAC ADDRESS作为DEVICE ID，但是并不建议这么做，因为并不是所有的设备都有Wifi，并且，如果Wifi没有打开，那硬件设备无法返回MAC ADDRESS.

3. Serial Number

在Android 2.3可以通过android.os.Build.SERIAL获取，非手机设备可以通过该接口获取。

4. ANDROID_ID

ANDROID_ID是设备第一次启动时产生和存储的64bit的一个数，当设备被wipe后该数重置

ANDROID_ID似乎是获取Device ID的一个好选择，但它也有缺陷：

它在Android <=2.1 or Android >=2.3的版本是可靠、稳定的，但在2.2的版本并不是100%可靠的
在主流厂商生产的设备上，有一个很经常的bug，就是每个设备都会产生相同的ANDROID_ID：9774d56d682e549c

5. Installtion ID : UUID

以上四种方式都有或多或少存在的一定的局限性或者bug，在这里，有另外一种方式解决，就是使用UUID，该方法无需访问设备的资源，也跟设备类型无关。

这种方式是通过在程序安装后第一次运行后生成一个ID实现的，但该方式跟设备唯一标识不一样，它会因为不同的应用程序而产生不同的ID，而不是设备唯一ID。因此经常用来标识在某个应用中的唯一ID（即Installtion ID），或者跟踪应用的安装数量。很幸运的，Google Developer Blog提供了这样的一个框架：

Java代码

public class Installation {
private static String sID =null;
private staticfinal String INSTALLATION ="INSTALLATION";
public synchronizedstatic String id(Context context) {
if (sID == null) {
File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), INSTALLATION);
try {
if (!installation.exists())
writeInstallationFile(installation);
sID = readInstallationFile(installation);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
return sID;
}
private static String readInstallationFile(File installation)throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation,"r");
byte[] bytes = newbyte[(int) f.length()];
f.readFully(bytes);
f.close();
return new String(bytes);
}
private staticvoid writeInstallationFile(File installation)throws IOException {
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(installation);
String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
out.write(id.getBytes());
out.close();
}
}

[java] view plaincopy

public class Installation {
private static String sID = null;
private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION";
public synchronized static String id(Context context) {
if (sID == null) {
File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), INSTALLATION);
try {
if (!installation.exists())
writeInstallationFile(installation);
sID = readInstallationFile(installation);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
return sID;
}
private static String readInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation, "r");
byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) f.length()];
f.readFully(bytes);
f.close();
return new String(bytes);
}
private static void writeInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(installation);
String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
out.write(id.getBytes());
out.close();
}
}

总结:

综合以上所述，为了实现在设备上更通用的获取设备唯一标识，我们可以实现这样的一个类，为每个设备产生唯一的UUID，以ANDROID_ID为基础，在获取失败时以TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()为备选方法，如果再失败，使用UUID的生成策略。

重申下，以下方法是生成Device ID，在大多数情况下Installtion ID能够满足我们的需求，但是如果确实需要用到Device ID，那可以通过以下方式实现：

Java代码

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.UUID;
public class DeviceUuidFactory {
protected staticfinal String PREFS_FILE ="device_id.xml";
protected staticfinal String PREFS_DEVICE_ID ="device_id";
protected static UUID uuid;
public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) {
if( uuid ==null ) {
synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) {
if( uuid == null) {
final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences( PREFS_FILE,0);
final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID,null );
if (id != null) {
// Use the ids previously computed and stored in the prefs file
uuid = UUID.fromString(id);
} else {
final String androidId = Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
// Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case fallback on deviceId,
// unless it's not available, then fallback on a random number which we store
// to a prefs file
try {
if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) {
uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId.getBytes("utf8"));
} else {
final String deviceId = ((TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService( Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE )).getDeviceId();
uuid = deviceId!=null ? UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId.getBytes("utf8")) : UUID.randomUUID();
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
// Write the value out to the prefs file
prefs.edit().putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString() ).commit();
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs, this unique ID is "very highly likely"
* to be unique across all Android devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is.
*
* The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate, falling back on
* TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to be incorrect, and finally falling back
* on a random UUID that's persisted to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a
* usable value.
*
* In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the device is factory reset a new device ID
* may be generated. In addition, if a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android 2.2
* to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change. Or, if a user uninstalls your app on
* a device that has neither a proper Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation.
*
* Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(), the resulting ID will NOT
* change after a factory reset. Something to be aware of.
*
* Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID directly.
*
* @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603
*
* @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most purposes.
*/
public UUID getDeviceUuid() {
return uuid;
}
}

[java] view plaincopy

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.UUID;
public class DeviceUuidFactory {
protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml";
protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id";
protected static UUID uuid;
public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) {
if( uuid ==null ) {
synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) {
if( uuid == null) {
final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences( PREFS_FILE, 0);
final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null );
if (id != null) {
// Use the ids previously computed and stored in the prefs file
uuid = UUID.fromString(id);
} else {
final String androidId = Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
// Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case fallback on deviceId,
// unless it's not available, then fallback on a random number which we store
// to a prefs file
try {
if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) {
uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId.getBytes("utf8"));
} else {
final String deviceId = ((TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService( Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE )).getDeviceId();
uuid = deviceId!=null ? UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId.getBytes("utf8")) : UUID.randomUUID();
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
// Write the value out to the prefs file
prefs.edit().putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString() ).commit();
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs, this unique ID is "very highly likely"
* to be unique across all Android devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is.
*
* The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate, falling back on
* TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to be incorrect, and finally falling back
* on a random UUID that's persisted to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a
* usable value.
*
* In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the device is factory reset a new device ID
* may be generated. In addition, if a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android 2.2
* to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change. Or, if a user uninstalls your app on
* a device that has neither a proper Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation.
*
* Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(), the resulting ID will NOT
* change after a factory reset. Something to be aware of.
*
* Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID directly.
*
* @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603
*
* @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most purposes.
*/
public UUID getDeviceUuid() {
return uuid;
}
}

如何获取Android手机的唯一标识？

代码: 这里是你在Android里读出唯一的 IMSI-ID / IMEI-ID 的方法。
Java:

Java代码

String myIMSI = android.os.SystemProperties.get(android.telephony.TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_IMSI);
// within my emulator it returns: 310995000000000
String myIMEI = android.os.SystemProperties.get(android.telephony.TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_IMEI);
// within my emulator it returns: 000000000000000

[java] view plaincopy

String myIMSI = android.os.SystemProperties.get(android.telephony.TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_IMSI);
// within my emulator it returns: 310995000000000
String myIMEI = android.os.SystemProperties.get(android.telephony.TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_IMEI);
// within my emulator it returns: 000000000000000

注：android.os.SystemProperties的标签被打上@hide了，所以sdk中并不会存在。如果需要使用，需要有android的source code支持。

转自：http://hi.baidu.com/weizi/item/f1d6671030e7e68d88a95638