WCF 学习总结2 -- 配置WCF

转：http://blog.csdn.net/fangxinggood/article/details/6106228

前面一篇文章《WCF 学习总结1 -- 简单实例》一股脑儿展示了几种WCF部署方式，其中配置文件(App.config/Web.config)都是IDE自动生成，省去了我们不少功夫。现在回过头来看看IDE提供的Wcf Service Library项目模板中的默认服务端配置文件——App.config里面究竟有什么秘密。

服务端的配置文件主要是对services、bindings、behaviors的配置。在默认的App.config中，使用的是WCF Framework定义好的wsHttpBinding默认配置，所以看不到binding配置节。

配置节展开如下图：

BTW： "元数据端点”通过WS-MetadataExchange帮我们实现了对服务的描述，提供了WSDL，启动Host之后我们可以通过 http://localhost:8732/Design_Time_Addresses/WcfServiceLib/Service1/?wsdl 查看到公开的服务描述。

配置节展开如下图：

关于WCF中的地址和绑定，需要补充一下。

WCF中支持的传输协议包括HTTP、TCP、Peer network(对等网)、IPC(基于命名管道的内部进程通信)以及MSMQ(微软消息队列)，每个协议对应一个地址类型：

HTTP地址：http://localhost:8080/

TCP地址： net.tcp://localhost:8080/

IPC地址： net.pipe://localhost/  （适用于跨进程，不能使用于不同机器间）

MSMQ地址： net.msmq://localhost/

对等网地址： net.p2p://localhost/

WCF中提供的绑定有：

BasicHttpBinding: 最简单的绑定类型，通常用于 Web Services。使用 HTTP 协议，Text/XML 编码方式。

WSHttpBinding: 比 BasicHttpBinding 更加安全，通常用于 non-duplex 服务通讯。

WSDualHttpBinding: 和 WSHttpBinding 相比，它支持 duplex 类型的服务。

WSFederationHttpBinding: 支持 WS-Federation 安全通讯协议。

NetTcpBinding: 效率最高，安全的跨机器通讯方式。

NetNamedPipeBinding: 安全、可靠、高效的单机服务通讯方式。

NetMsmqBinding: 使用消息队列在不同机器间进行通讯。

NetPeerTcpBinding: 使用 P2P 协议在多机器间通讯。

MsmqIntegrationBinding: 使用现有的消息队列系统进行跨机器通讯。如 MSMQ。

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OK，有了上面的基础，就让WCF风暴来的猛烈些吧。做一个多服务，多端点的示例。

1.WcfServiceLib 代码：

 

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1. [ServiceContract] 
2. public interface IService 
3. { 
4.     [OperationContract] 
5.     string GetMessage(); 
6. } 
7. public class Service1 : IService 
8. { 
9.     public string GetMessage() 
10.     { 
11.         var address = OperationContext.Current.Channel.LocalAddress.ToString(); 
12.         return string.Format("From Server1: Hello Client at [{0}]", address);  
13.     } 
14. } 
15. public class Service2 : IService 
16. { 
17.     public string GetMessage() 
18.     { 
19.         var address = OperationContext.Current.Channel.LocalAddress.ToString(); 
20.         return string.Format("来自 Service2: 好 Client at [{0}]", address); 
21.     } 
22. } 

[ServiceContract]public interface IService{ [OperationContract] string GetMessage();}public class Service1 : IService{ public string GetMessage() { var address = OperationContext.Current.Channel.LocalAddress.ToString(); return string.Format("From Server1: Hello Client at [{0}]", address); }}public class Service2 : IService{ public string GetMessage() { var address = OperationContext.Current.Channel.LocalAddress.ToString(); return string.Format("来自 Service2: 好 Client at [{0}]", address); }}

2.WcfConsoleHost 代码：

 

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1. static void Main(string[] args) 
2. { 
3.     ServiceHost host1 = new ServiceHost(typeof(WcfServiceLib.Service1)); 
4.     host1.Open(); 
5.     Console.WriteLine("Server1 Opened!"); 
6.     ServiceHost host2 = new ServiceHost(typeof(WcfServiceLib.Service2)); 
7.     host2.Open(); 
8.     Console.WriteLine("Server2 Opened!"); 
9.     Console.Read(); 
10. } 

static void Main(string[] args){ ServiceHost host1 = new ServiceHost(typeof(WcfServiceLib.Service1)); host1.Open(); Console.WriteLine("Server1 Opened!"); ServiceHost host2 = new ServiceHost(typeof(WcfServiceLib.Service2)); host2.Open(); Console.WriteLine("Server2 Opened!"); Console.Read();}

3.服务端配置文件：

 

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1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> 
2. <configuration> 
3.   <system.web> 
4.     <compilationdebug="true"/> 
5.   </system.web> 
6.   <system.serviceModel> 
7.     <services> 
8.       <servicename="WcfServiceLib.Service1"> 
9.         <host> 
10.           <baseAddresses> 
11.             <addbaseAddress = "http://localhost:9999/WcfStudy3/Service1"/> 
12.             <addbaseAddress = "net.tcp://localhost:8888/WcfStudy3/Service1"/> 
13.           </baseAddresses> 
14.         </host> 
15.         <endpointaddress ="serviceEN_1"binding="wsHttpBinding"contract="WcfServiceLib.IService"/> 
16.         <endpointaddress ="serviceEN_2"binding="mexTcpBinding"contract="WcfServiceLib.IService"/> 
17.         <endpointaddress="mex"binding="mexHttpBinding"contract="IMetadataExchange"/> 
18.       </service> 
19.       <servicename="WcfServiceLib.Service2"> 
20.         <host> 
21.           <baseAddresses> 
22.             <addbaseAddress = "http://localhost:9999/WcfStudy3/Service2"/> 
23.             <addbaseAddress = "net.tcp://localhost:8888/WcfStudy3/Service2"/> 
24.           </baseAddresses> 
25.         </host> 
26.         <endpointaddress ="serviceCH_1"binding="wsHttpBinding"contract="WcfServiceLib.IService"/> 
27.         <endpointaddress ="serviceCH_2"binding="mexTcpBinding"contract="WcfServiceLib.IService"/> 
28.         <endpointaddress="mex"binding="mexHttpBinding"contract="IMetadataExchange"/> 
29.       </service> 
30.     </services> 
31.     <behaviors> 
32.       <serviceBehaviors> 
33.         <behavior> 
34.           <serviceMetadatahttpGetEnabled="True"/> 
35.           <serviceDebugincludeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"/> 
36.         </behavior> 
37.       </serviceBehaviors> 
38.     </behaviors> 
39.   </system.serviceModel> 
40. </configuration> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><configuration> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" /> </system.web> <system.serviceModel> <services> <service name="WcfServiceLib.Service1"> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress = "http://localhost:9999/WcfStudy3/Service1" /> <add baseAddress = "net.tcp://localhost:8888/WcfStudy3/Service1" /> </baseAddresses> </host> <endpoint address ="serviceEN_1" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="WcfServiceLib.IService" /> <endpoint address ="serviceEN_2" binding="mexTcpBinding" contract="WcfServiceLib.IService" /> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/> </service> <service name="WcfServiceLib.Service2"> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress = "http://localhost:9999/WcfStudy3/Service2" /> <add baseAddress = "net.tcp://localhost:8888/WcfStudy3/Service2" /> </baseAddresses> </host> <endpoint address ="serviceCH_1" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="WcfServiceLib.IService" /> <endpoint address ="serviceCH_2" binding="mexTcpBinding" contract="WcfServiceLib.IService" /> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="True"/> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> </system.serviceModel></configuration>

4. 启动Host，在Client工程中添加Service Reference
因为有两个Service，所以要添加两次。
(1) WcfSvc1（Url：http://localhost:9999/WcfStudy3/Service1）

(2) WcfSvc2（Url：http://localhost:9999/WcfStudy3/Service2） 图略

5. 客户端配置文件： 配置节中，生成了4个Endpoint，分别对应服务端的4个Endpoint。通过
name属性区别。

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1. <client> 
2.     <endpointaddress="http://localhost:9999/WcfStudy3/Service1/serviceEN_1" 
3.         binding="wsHttpBinding"bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IService" 
4.         contract="WcfSvc1.IService"name="WSHttpBinding_IService"> 
5.     </endpoint> 
6.     <endpointaddress="net.tcp://localhost:8888/WcfStudy3/Service1/serviceEN_2" 
7.         binding="netTcpBinding"bindingConfiguration="MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService" 
8.         contract="WcfSvc1.IService"name="MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService"/> 
9.     <endpointaddress="http://localhost:9999/WcfStudy3/Service2/serviceCH_1" 
10.         binding="wsHttpBinding"bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IService1" 
11.         contract="WcfSvc2.IService"name="WSHttpBinding_IService1"> 
12.     </endpoint> 
13.     <endpointaddress="net.tcp://localhost:8888/WcfStudy3/Service2/serviceCH_2" 
14.         binding="netTcpBinding"bindingConfiguration="MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService1" 
15.         contract="WcfSvc2.IService"name="MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService1"/> 
16. </client> 

<client> <endpoint address="http://localhost:9999/WcfStudy3/Service1/serviceEN_1" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IService" contract="WcfSvc1.IService" name="WSHttpBinding_IService"> </endpoint> <endpoint address="net.tcp://localhost:8888/WcfStudy3/Service1/serviceEN_2" binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService" contract="WcfSvc1.IService" name="MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService" /> <endpoint address="http://localhost:9999/WcfStudy3/Service2/serviceCH_1" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IService1" contract="WcfSvc2.IService" name="WSHttpBinding_IService1"> </endpoint> <endpoint address="net.tcp://localhost:8888/WcfStudy3/Service2/serviceCH_2" binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService1" contract="WcfSvc2.IService" name="MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService1" /></client>

6. 客户端代码：

 

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1. static void Main(string[] args) 
2. { 
3.     Console.WriteLine("------------"); 
4.     WcfSvc1.ServiceClient client1_1 = new WcfSvc1.ServiceClient("WSHttpBinding_IService"); 
5.     Console.WriteLine(client1_1.GetMessage()); 
6.     Console.WriteLine("------------"); 
7.     WcfSvc1.ServiceClient client1_2 = new WcfSvc1.ServiceClient("MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService"); 
8.     Console.WriteLine(client1_2.GetMessage()); 
9.     Console.WriteLine("------------"); 
10.     WcfSvc2.ServiceClient client2_1 = new WcfSvc2.ServiceClient("WSHttpBinding_IService1"); 
11.     Console.WriteLine(client2_1.GetMessage()); 
12.     Console.WriteLine("------------"); 
13.     WcfSvc2.ServiceClient client2_2 = new WcfSvc2.ServiceClient("MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService1"); 
14.     Console.WriteLine(client2_2.GetMessage()); 
15.     Console.Read(); 
16. } 

static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("------------"); WcfSvc1.ServiceClient client1_1 = new WcfSvc1.ServiceClient("WSHttpBinding_IService"); Console.WriteLine(client1_1.GetMessage()); Console.WriteLine("------------"); WcfSvc1.ServiceClient client1_2 = new WcfSvc1.ServiceClient("MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService"); Console.WriteLine(client1_2.GetMessage()); Console.WriteLine("------------"); WcfSvc2.ServiceClient client2_1 = new WcfSvc2.ServiceClient("WSHttpBinding_IService1"); Console.WriteLine(client2_1.GetMessage()); Console.WriteLine("------------"); WcfSvc2.ServiceClient client2_2 = new WcfSvc2.ServiceClient("MetadataExchangeTcpBinding_IService1"); Console.WriteLine(client2_2.GetMessage()); Console.Read(); }

7.运行结果：

有人会问，那么生成完的配置文件都要一个个手动修改吗？答案当然不是，VS已经为我们准备了WCF配置工具：IDE > Tools > WCF Service Configuration Editor 。 关于工具的使用，大家可以看这里：http://www.rainsts.net/article.asp?id=441

上面的示例代码，请猛击这里下载。