cocos2d-x学习笔记-触屏事件详解

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原文地址:http://codingnow.cn/cocos2d-x/783.html

游戏跟视频最大的区别就是互动,玩家可以操控游戏中的角色,现在的移动设备几乎人手一台,基本上全部都是基于触屏操作的,今天就来学习一下cocos2d-x是怎么实现对触屏操作的处理的。

1.首先来了解一下相关的几个类、处理触屏事件时操作和执行的流程
CCTouch:它封装了触摸点,可以通过locationInView函数返回一个CCPoint。

CCTouchDelegate:它是触摸事件委托,就是系统捕捉到触摸事件后交由它或者它的子类处理,所以我们在处理触屏事件时,必须得继承它。它封装了下面这些处理触屏事件的函数:

virtual void ccTouchesBegan(CCSet *pTouches, CCEvent *pEvent);virtual void ccTouchesMoved(CCSet *pTouches, CCEvent *pEvent);virtual void ccTouchesEnded(CCSet *pTouches, CCEvent *pEvent);virtual void ccTouchesCancelled(CCSet *pTouches, CCEvent *pEvent); virtual bool ccTouchBegan(CCTouch *pTouch, CCEvent *pEvent);virtual void ccTouchMoved(CCTouch *pTouch, CCEvent *pEvent);virtual void ccTouchEnded(CCTouch *pTouch, CCEvent *pEvent);virtual void ccTouchCancelled(CCTouch *pTouch, CCEvent *pEvent);

ccTouchesCancelled和ccTouchCancelled函数很少用,在接到系统中断通知,需要取消触摸事件的时候才会调用此方法。如:应用长时间无响应、当前view从window上移除、触摸的时候来电话了等。

CCTargetedTouchDelegateCCStandardTouchDelegate是CCTouchDelegate的子类,类结构图如下:


CCStandardTouchDelegate用于处理多点触摸;CCTargetedTouchDelegate用于处理单点触摸。

CCTouchDispatcher:实现触摸事件分发,它封装了下面这两个函数,可以把CCStandardTouchDelegate和CCTargetedTouchDelegate添加到分发列表中:

void addStandardDelegate(CCTouchDelegate *pDelegate, int nPriority);void addTargetedDelegate(CCTouchDelegate *pDelegate, int nPriority, bool bSwallowsTouches);

CCTouchHandler:封装了CCTouchDelegate和其对应的优先级,优先级越高,分发的时候越容易获得事件处理权,CCStandardTouchHandlerCCTargetedTouchHandler是它的子类。

下面分析一下触屏事件处理和执行流程:
用户自定义类继承CCTouchDelegate,重写触屏事件处理函数和registerWithTouchDispatcher函数,在init或者onEnter函数中调用registerWithTouchDispatcher函数,如:

void GameLayer::registerWithTouchDispatcher(){    cocos2d::CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->addTargetedDelegate(this, 0, true);}
把相应的CCTouchDelegate添加到CCTouchDispatcher的分发列表中。addTargetedDelegate函数会创建CCTouchDelegate对应的CCTouchHandler对象并添加到CCMutableArraym_pTargetedHandlers中,看源码:

void CCTouchDispatcher::addTargetedDelegate(CCTouchDelegate *pDelegate, int nPriority, bool bSwallowsTouches){       CCTouchHandler *pHandler = CCTargetedTouchHandler::handlerWithDelegate(pDelegate, nPriority, bSwallowsTouches);    if (! m_bLocked)    {        forceAddHandler(pHandler, m_pTargetedHandlers);    }    else    {        /**....*/    }} void CCTouchDispatcher::forceAddHandler(CCTouchHandler *pHandler, CCMutableArray *pArray){    unsigned int u = 0;     CCMutableArray::CCMutableArrayIterator iter;    for (iter = pArray->begin(); iter != pArray->end(); ++iter)    {        CCTouchHandler *h = *iter;         if (h)         {            if (h->getPriority() < pHandler->getPriority())            {                ++u;            }             if (h->getDelegate() == pHandler->getDelegate())            {                CCAssert(0, "");                return;            }         }    }     pArray->insertObjectAtIndex(pHandler, u);}

注意forceAddHandler函数中,pHandler是被添加的对象:pHandler->getPriority()的值越小u的值就越小,因此插入到目标容器中的位置也就越靠前,说明优先级的值越小优先级反而越高,也就能先响应事件(CCMenu的默认值是-128)。 前面事件分发时就是从m_pTargetedHandlers中取出CCXXXTouchHandler,然后调用handler对应的delegate的:pHandler->getDelegate()->ccTouchBegan(pTouch, pEvent);,执行的是CCTouchDispatcher的touches函数,考虑到篇幅问题,就不贴出具体代码了。该函数首先会先处理targeted 再处理standard,所以CCTargetedTouchDelegate比CCStandardTouchDelegate优先级高。那什么时候触发执行touches函数呢?CCTouchDispatcher继承了EGLTouchDelegate类,EGLTouchDelegate类源码:

class CC_DLL EGLTouchDelegate{public:    virtual void touchesBegan(CCSet* touches, CCEvent* pEvent) = 0;    virtual void touchesMoved(CCSet* touches, CCEvent* pEvent) = 0;    virtual void touchesEnded(CCSet* touches, CCEvent* pEvent) = 0;    virtual void touchesCancelled(CCSet* touches, CCEvent* pEvent) = 0;     virtual ~EGLTouchDelegate() {}};

CCTouchDispatcher中实现了这四个函数,正是在这四个函数中调用了touches函数:

void CCTouchDispatcher::touchesBegan(CCSet *touches, CCEvent *pEvent){    if (m_bDispatchEvents)    {        this->touches(touches, pEvent, CCTOUCHBEGAN);    }}/**其他三个方法类似 **/
这几个触屏处理函数是由具体平台底层调用的,在AppDelegate.cpp中有这段代码:

CCDirector *pDirector = CCDirector::sharedDirector();pDirector->setOpenGLView(&CCEGLView::sharedOpenGLView());

继续跟进setOpenGLView函数,发现了这段代码:
CCTouchDispatcher *pTouchDispatcher = CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher();m_pobOpenGLView->setTouchDelegate(pTouchDispatcher);pTouchDispatcher->setDispatchEvents(true);

调用了具体平台下的CCEGLView类中的setTouchDelegate函数。由于我是在windows平台下,所以CCEGLView此时对应CCEGLView_win32.h文件的CCEGLView类,对应的setTouchDelegate函数为:

void    setTouchDelegate(EGLTouchDelegate * pDelegate);

系统最终通过CCEGLView类的WindowProc函数处理鼠标在Windows窗口的DOWN、MOVE、UP事件,通过pDelegate分别调用touchesBegan、touchesMoved、touchesEnded函数。

LRESULT CCEGLView::WindowProc(UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){    switch (message)    {    case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:        if (m_pDelegate && m_pTouch && MK_LBUTTON == wParam)        {            POINT pt = {(short)LOWORD(lParam), (short)HIWORD(lParam)};            if (PtInRect(&m_rcViewPort, pt))            {                m_bCaptured = true;                SetCapture(m_hWnd);                m_pTouch->SetTouchInfo(0, (float)(pt.x - m_rcViewPort.left) / m_fScreenScaleFactor,                    (float)(pt.y - m_rcViewPort.top) / m_fScreenScaleFactor);                m_pSet->addObject(m_pTouch);                m_pDelegate->touchesBegan(m_pSet, NULL);            }        }        break;     case WM_MOUSEMOVE:        if (MK_LBUTTON == wParam && m_bCaptured)        {            m_pTouch->SetTouchInfo(0, (float)((short)LOWORD(lParam)- m_rcViewPort.left) / m_fScreenScaleFactor,                (float)((short)HIWORD(lParam) - m_rcViewPort.top) / m_fScreenScaleFactor);            m_pDelegate->touchesMoved(m_pSet, NULL);        }        break;     case WM_LBUTTONUP:        if (m_bCaptured)        {            m_pTouch->SetTouchInfo(0, (float)((short)LOWORD(lParam)- m_rcViewPort.left) / m_fScreenScaleFactor,                (float)((short)HIWORD(lParam) - m_rcViewPort.top) / m_fScreenScaleFactor);            m_pDelegate->touchesEnded(m_pSet, NULL);            m_pSet->removeObject(m_pTouch);            ReleaseCapture();            m_bCaptured = false;        }        break;/** .... */}}

ok,现在应该明白了触屏操作相关函数的执行过程了,在其他平台下应该类似。

2. 实现触屏事件处理
知道了原理之后,实现起来就很简单了:定义一个CCTouchDelegate(或者其子类CCTargetedTouchDelegate/CCStandardTouchDelegate),然后重写那几个处理函数(began、move、end),并把定义好的CCTouchDelegate添加到分发列表中,在onExit函数中实现从分发列表中删除。
在平常的开发中,一般有两种方式:(1)继承CCLayer,在层中处理触屏函数。(2)继承CCSprite和CCTouchDelegate(或者其子类)
上面两种方式,从原理上来说是一样的。
1. 下面是采用继承CCLayer的方式处理触屏事件。
(1)CCStandardTouchDelegate
添加CCStandardTouchDelegate是非常简单的,只需要重写触屏处理函数和调用setIsTouchEnabled(true)。主要代码如下:

//init函数中this->setIsTouchEnabled(true); void GameLayer::ccTouchesBegan(CCSet* pTouches,CCEvent* pEvent){    CCSetIterator it = pTouches->begin();    CCTouch* touch = (CCTouch*)(*it);    CCpoint touchLocation = touch->locationInView( touch->view() );    touchLocation = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->convertToGL(m_tBeginPos);        /** .... **/}
这里为什么没有把CCStandardTouchDelegate添加进分发列表和从分发列表删除的操作呢,因为setIsTouchEnabled函数已经帮我们做了,看源码:

void CCLayer::setIsTouchEnabled(bool enabled){    if (m_bIsTouchEnabled != enabled)    {        m_bIsTouchEnabled = enabled;        if (m_bIsRunning)        {            if (enabled)            {                this->registerWithTouchDispatcher();            }            else            {                // have problems?                CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->removeDelegate(this);            }        }    }} void CCLayer::registerWithTouchDispatcher(){    /** .... **/    CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->addStandardDelegate(this,0);} void CCLayer::onExit(){    if( m_bIsTouchEnabled )    {        CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->removeDelegate(this);        unregisterScriptTouchHandler();    }     CCNode::onExit();}
(2) CCTargetedTouchDelegate
直接看cocos2d-x中的CCMenu(菜单)类,它是继承CCLayer的。部分源码如下:

class CC_DLL CCMenu : public CCLayer, public CCRGBAProtocol    {        /** .... */        virtual void registerWithTouchDispatcher();         /**        @brief For phone event handle functions        */        virtual bool ccTouchBegan(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);        virtual void ccTouchEnded(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);        virtual void ccTouchCancelled(CCTouch *touch, CCEvent* event);        virtual void ccTouchMoved(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);         /**        @since v0.99.5        override onExit        */        virtual void onExit();         /** .... */    };} //Menu - Events,在CCLayer的onEnter中被调用    void CCMenu::registerWithTouchDispatcher()    {        CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->addTargetedDelegate(this, kCCMenuTouchPriority, true);    }     bool CCMenu::ccTouchBegan(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event)    {        /** .... */        }  void CCMenu::onExit()    {         /** .... */        CCLayer::onExit();    }

2.下面实现继承CCSprite的方式
定义一个Ball类继承CCSprite和CCTargetedTouchDelegate。源码如下:

class Ball : public CCSprite, public CCTargetedTouchDelegate{public:    Ball(void);    virtual ~Ball(void);     virtual void onEnter();    virtual void onExit();     virtual bool ccTouchBegan(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);    virtual void ccTouchMoved(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);    virtual void ccTouchEnded(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);/** .... */ }; void Ball::onEnter(){    CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->addTargetedDelegate(this, 0, true);    CCSprite::onEnter();} void Ball::onExit(){    CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->removeDelegate(this);    CCSprite::onExit();} bool Ball::ccTouchBegan(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event){    CCPoint touchPoint = touch->locationInView( touch->view() );    touchPoint = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->convertToGL( touchPoint );    /** .... */    return true;}
注意:virtual bool ccTouchBegan(CCTouch *pTouch, CCEvent *pEvent)的返回值对触屏消息是有影响的。
如果返回false,表示不处理ccTouchMoved(),ccTouchEnded(),ccTouchCanceld()方法,而交由后面接收触屏消息的对象处理;如果返回true,表示会处理ccTouchMoved(),ccTouchEnded(),ccTouchCanceld()方法。请看CCTouchDispatcher.cpp的touches函数部分源码,它是用来分发事件的:

bool bClaimed = false;if (uIndex == CCTOUCHBEGAN){    bClaimed = pHandler->getDelegate()->ccTouchBegan(pTouch, pEvent);    //返回true    if (bClaimed)    {        pHandler->getClaimedTouches()->addObject(pTouch);    }} elseif (pHandler->getClaimedTouches()->containsObject(pTouch)){    // moved ended canceled    bClaimed = true;     switch (sHelper.m_type)    {    case CCTOUCHMOVED:        pHandler->getDelegate()->ccTouchMoved(pTouch, pEvent);        break;    case CCTOUCHENDED:        pHandler->getDelegate()->ccTouchEnded(pTouch, pEvent);        pHandler->getClaimedTouches()->removeObject(pTouch);        break;    case CCTOUCHCANCELLED:        pHandler->getDelegate()->ccTouchCancelled(pTouch, pEvent);        pHandler->getClaimedTouches()->removeObject(pTouch);        break;    }}
如果返回true,并且addTargetedDelegate(CCTouchDelegate *pDelegate, int nPriority, bool bSwallowsTouches),bSwallowsTouches为true,则表示消耗掉此触屏消息,后面需要接收触屏消息的对象就接收不到触屏消息了

if (bClaimed && pHandler->isSwallowsTouches())               {                   if (bNeedsMutableSet)                   {                       pMutableTouches->removeObject(pTouch);                   }                    break;               }
把该触摸对象CCTouch从数组pMutableTouches中移除了,并且跳出当前for循环,
而CCStandardTouchHandler需要从pMutableTouches取出触摸对象进行处理的,
这样后面的CCTargetedTouchHandler和CCStandardTouchHandler就都处理不了。









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