Linux下的Mysql性能测试工具 sysbench

sysbench是一款开源的多线程性能测试工具，可以执行CPU/内存/线程/IO/数据库等方面的性能测试。数据库目前支持MySQL/Oracle/PostgreSQL。本文只是简单演示一下几种测试的用法，后续准备利用sysbench来对MySQL进行一系列的测试。具体的一些参数设置，需要根据不同的测试要求来进行调整.

编译安装
# wget -c http://sourceforge.net/projects/sysbench/files/sysbench/0.4.12/sysbench-0.4.12.tar.gz/download
#tar zxvf sysbench-0.4.12.tar.gz
#cd sysbench-0.4.12

#./autogen.sh
#./configure && make && make install

strip /usr/local/bin/sysbench

以上方法适用于 MySQL 安装在标准默认目录下的情况，如果 MySQL 并不是安装在标准目录下的话，那么就需要自己指定 MySQL 的路径了。比如我的 MySQL 喜欢自己安装在 /usr/local/mysql 下，则按照以下方法编译

./configure --with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysql5.5.23/include --with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysql5.5.23/lib
如果需要测试Oracle/PostgreSQL，则在configure时需要加上–with-oracle或者–with-pgsql参数
参数
[root@localhost sysbench]# ./sysbench
测试用例:
sysbench [general-options]… –test=<test-name> [test-options]… command
通用选项:
–num-threads=N 创建测试线程的数目。默认为1.
–max-requests=N 请求的最大数目。默认为10000，0代表不限制。
–max-time=N 最大执行时间，单位是s。默认是0,不限制。
–forced-shutdown=STRING 超过max-time强制中断。默认是off。]
–thread-stack-size=SIZE 每个线程的堆栈大小。默认是32K。
–init-rng=[on|off] 在测试开始时是否初始化随机数发生器。默认是off。
–test=STRING 指定测试项目名称。
–debug=[on|off] 是否显示更多的调试信息。默认是off。
–validate=[on|off] 在可能情况下执行验证检查。默认是off。
测试项目:
fileio – File I/O test
cpu – CPU performance test
memory – Memory functions speed test
threads – Threads subsystem performance test
mutex – Mutex performance test(互斥性能测试)
oltp – OLTP test
指令: prepare(测试前准备工作) run(正式测试) cleanup(测试后删掉测试数据) help version
See 'sysbench –test=<name> help’ for a list of options for each test. 查看每个测试项目的更多选项列表。
[root@localhost bin]# ./sysbench –test=fileio help
–file-num=N 创建测试文件的数量。默认是128
–file-block-size=N 测试时文件块的大小。默认是16384(16K)
–file-total-size=SIZE 测试文件的总大小。默认是2G
–file-test-mode=STRING 文件测试模式{seqwr(顺序写), seqrewr(顺序读写), seqrd(顺序读), rndrd(随机读), rndwr(随机写), rndrw(随机读写)}
–file-io-mode=STRING 文件操作模式{sync(同步),async(异步),fastmmap(快速map映射),slowmmap(慢map映射)}。默认是sync
–file-extra-flags=STRING 使用额外的标志来打开文件{sync,dsync,direct} 。默认为空
–file-fsync-freq=N 执行fsync()的频率。(0 – 不使用fsync())。默认是100
–file-fsync-all=[on|off] 每执行完一次写操作就执行一次fsync。默认是off
–file-fsync-end=[on|off] 在测试结束时才执行fsync。默认是on
–file-fsync-mode=STRING 使用哪种方法进行同步{fsync, fdatasync}。默认是fsync
–file-merged-requests=N 如果可以，合并最多的IO请求数(0 – 表示不合并)。默认是0
–file-rw-ratio=N 测试时的读写比例。默认是1.5

[root@localhost bin]# ./sysbench –test=cpu help
–cpu-max-prime=N 最大质数发生器数量。默认是10000
[root@localhost bin]# ./sysbench –test=memory help
–memory-block-size=SIZE 测试时内存块大小。默认是1K
–memory-total-size=SIZE 传输数据的总大小。默认是100G
–memory-scope=STRING 内存访问范围{global,local}。默认是global
–memory-hugetlb=[on|off] 从HugeTLB池内存分配。默认是off
–memory-oper=STRING 内存操作类型。{read, write, none} 默认是write
–memory-access-mode=STRING存储器存取方式{seq,rnd} 默认是seq

[root@localhost bin]# ./sysbench –test=threads help
–thread-yields=N 每个请求产生多少个线程。默认是1000
–thread-locks=N 每个线程的锁的数量。默认是8

[root@localhost bin]# ./sysbench –test=mutex help
–mutex-num=N 数组互斥的总大小。默认是4096
–mutex-locks=N 每个线程互斥锁的数量。默认是50000
–mutex-loops=N 内部互斥锁的空循环数量。默认是10000

[root@localhost bin]# ./sysbench –test=oltp help
oltp options:
–oltp-test-mode=STRING 执行模式{simple,complex(advanced transactional),nontrx(non-transactional),sp}。默认是complex
–oltp-reconnect-mode=STRING 重新连接模式{session(不使用重新连接。每个线程断开只在测试结束),transaction(在每次事务结束后重新连接),query(在每个SQL语句执行完重新连接),random(对于每个事务随机选择以上重新连接模式)}。默认是session
–oltp-sp-name=STRING 存储过程的名称。默认为空
–oltp-read-only=[on|off] 只读模式。Update，delete，insert语句不可执行。默认是off
–oltp-skip-trx=[on|off] 省略begin/commit语句。默认是off
–oltp-range-size=N 查询范围。默认是100
–oltp-point-selects=N number of point selects [10]
–oltp-simple-ranges=N number of simple ranges [1]
–oltp-sum-ranges=N number of sum ranges [1]
–oltp-order-ranges=N number of ordered ranges [1]
–oltp-distinct-ranges=N number of distinct ranges [1]
–oltp-index-updates=N number of index update [1]
–oltp-non-index-updates=N number of non-index updates [1]
–oltp-nontrx-mode=STRING 查询类型对于非事务执行模式{select, update_key, update_nokey, insert, delete} [select]
–oltp-auto-inc=[on|off] AUTO_INCREMENT是否开启。默认是on
–oltp-connect-delay=N 在多少微秒后连接数据库。默认是10000
–oltp-user-delay-min=N 每个请求最短等待时间。单位是ms。默认是0
–oltp-user-delay-max=N 每个请求最长等待时间。单位是ms。默认是0
–oltp-table-name=STRING 测试时使用到的表名。默认是sbtest
–oltp-table-size=N 测试表的记录数。默认是10000
–oltp-dist-type=STRING 分布的随机数{uniform(均匀分布),Gaussian(高斯分布),special(空间分布)}。默认是special
–oltp-dist-iter=N 产生数的迭代次数。默认是12
–oltp-dist-pct=N 值的百分比被视为’special’ (for special distribution)。默认是1
–oltp-dist-res=N 'special’的百分比值。默认是75

General database options:
–db-driver=STRING 指定数据库驱动程序('help’ to get list of available drivers)
–db-ps-mode=STRING编制报表使用模式{auto, disable} [auto]

Compiled-in database drivers:
mysql – MySQL driver
mysql options:
–mysql-host=[LIST,...] MySQL server host [localhost]
–mysql-port=N MySQL server port [3306]
–mysql-socket=STRING MySQL socket
–mysql-user=STRING MySQL user [sbtest]
–mysql-password=STRING MySQL password []
–mysql-db=STRING MySQL database name [sbtest]
–mysql-table-engine=STRING storage engine to use for the test table {myisam,innodb,bdb,heap,ndbcluster,federated} [innodb]
–mysql-engine-trx=STRING whether storage engine used is transactional or not {yes,no,auto} [auto]
–mysql-ssl=[on|off] use SSL connections, if available in the client library [off]
–myisam-max-rows=N max-rows parameter for MyISAM tables [1000000]
–mysql-create-options=STRING additional options passed to CREATE TABLE []

##########################

测试

1、CPU测试
[root@localhost bin]# sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 run

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Number of threads: 1
Doing CPU performance benchmark
Threads started!
Done.
Maximum prime number checked in CPU test: 20000
Test execution summary:
total time: 31.9364s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 31.9334
per-request statistics:
min: 3.18ms
avg: 3.19ms
max: 3.60ms
approx. 95 percentile: 3.20ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 31.9334/0.00

2、线程数测试 
thread-locks小于线程数除以2，lock越少，处理时间越长。
# sysbench --num-threads=64 --test=threads --thread-yields=100 --thread-locks=2 run

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark
Running the test with following options:Number of threads: 512
Doing thread subsystem performance test
Thread yields per test: 100 Locks used: 2
Threads started!
WARNING: Operation time (0.000000) is less than minimal counted value, counting as 1.00000
WARNING: Percentile statistics will be inaccurateDone.
Test execution summary:
total time: 4.1759s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 2038.5959
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 203.86ms
max: 2735.47ms
approx. 95 percentile: 829.60ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 19.5312/8.26
execution time (avg/stddev): 3.9816/0.04

3、磁盘IO性能测试
首先生成需要的测试文件，文件总大小3G，16个并发线程，随机读写模式。执行完后会在当前目录下生成一堆小文件。
sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=fileio --file-total-size=3G --file-test-mode=rndrw prepare

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark
128 files, 24576Kb each, 3072Mb total
Creating files for the test…

开始测试：
sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=fileio --file-total-size=3G --file-test-mode=rndrw run

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark
Running the test with following options:Number of threads: 16
Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 24Mb each
3Gb total file size 
Block size 16Kb
Number of random requests for random IO: 10000
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O modeDoing random r/w test
Threads started!
WARNING: Operation time (0.000000) is less than minimal counted value, counting as 1.00000
WARNING: Percentile statistics will be inaccurateDone.
Operations performed: 6004 Read, 3996 Write, 12800 Other = 22800 TotalRead 93.812Mb Written 62.438Mb Total transferred 156.25Mb (6.472Mb/sec) 414.21 Requests/sec executed
Test execution summary:
total time: 24.1426s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 164.4243
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 16.44ms
max: 821.08ms approx. 95 percentile: 102.40ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 625.0000/63.99 e
xecution time (avg/stddev): 10.2765/0.62

清理现场
sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=fileio --file-total-size=3G --file-test-mode=rndrw cleanup

4、内存测试

sysbench --test=memory --memory-block-size=8k --memory-total-size=4G run
上述参数指定了本次测试整个过程是在内存中传输 4G 的数据量，每个 block 大小为 8K。

5、Mutex测试
[root@localhost ]# sysbench –test=mutex –num-threads=1500 –max-requests=2000 –mutex-num=10240 –mutex-locks=100000 –mutex-loops=15000 run

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1500
Doing mutex performance test
Threads started!
Done.
Test execution summary:
total time: 74.0710s
total number of events: 1500
total time taken by event execution: 5410.6925
per-request statistics:
min: 485.77ms
avg: 3607.13ms
max: 13770.44ms
approx. 95 percentile: 12489.67ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 1.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 3.6071/3.97

6、MySQL数据库测试

首先需要创建默认的sbtest数据库,或者使用–mysql-db指定一个已经存在的数据库
生成测试数据，引擎为myisam,表大小为1000000条记录
[root@localhost ]# sysbench --test=oltp --mysql-table-engine=myisam --oltp-table-size=1000000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123456 --mysql-db=sbtest --mysql-socket=/usr/local/mysql5.5.23/mysql.sock --num-threads=15 prepare

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

No DB drivers specified, using mysql
Creating table 'sbtest'...
Creating 1000000 records in table 'sbtest'...

sbtest.sbtest;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| k | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |
| c | char(120) | NO | | | |
| pad | char(60) | NO | | | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 
执行测试
[root@localhost ]# sysbench --test=oltp --mysql-table-engine=myisam --oltp-table-size=1000000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123456 --mysql-db=sbtest --mysql-socket=/usr/local/mysql5.5.23/mysql.sock --num-threads=15 run

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

No DB drivers specified, using mysql
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Doing OLTP test.
Running mixed OLTP test
Using Special distribution (12 iterations, 1 pct of values are returned in 75 pct cases)
Using "LOCK TABLES WRITE" for starting transactions
Using auto_inc on the id column
Maximum number of requests for OLTP test is limited to 10000
Threads started!
Done.

OLTP test statistics:
queries performed:
read: 140000
write: 50000
other: 20000
total: 210000
transactions: 10000 (336.64 per sec.)
deadlocks: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
read/write requests: 190000 (6396.11 per sec.)
other operations: 20000 (673.27 per sec.)

Test execution summary:
total time: 29.7056s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 29.6301
per-request statistics:
min: 2.27ms
avg: 2.96ms
max: 43.88ms
approx. 95 percentile: 3.36ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 29.6301/0.00

清理现场
[root@localhost ]# sysbench --test=oltp --mysql-table-engine=myisam --oltp-table-size=1000000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123456 --mysql-db=sbtest --mysql-socket=/usr/local/mysql5.5.23/mysql.sock --num-threads=15 cleanup