English Book2 翻译

<Book2-Unit1>

To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself,

人们想快乐，首先必须感到自由，其次，必须感到自己重要。假如迫于社会压力做自己不乐意做的事，或者乐于做的事被认为一文不值，毫不重要，得不到社会的承认，那么这样的人是不可能真正快乐的。倘如一个人对社会给与他的差事不感兴趣，干下去只是出于谋生和养家糊口的需要，那么此人就只是个雇佣劳动者。倘如一个人打心眼里对社会掏钱让他干的差事感兴趣，那么他就是一个工作者。一件差事究竟是劳动还是工作并不取决于差事本身，

but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.The difference does not coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.

而是取决于干这个差事的人的喜好。这种差异并不等同于体力和脑力劳动的区别。从一个人对休闲的态度可以看出他属于哪类人。对工作者而言，休闲不过是放松休息几个小时，为的是工作起来效率更高。所以他可能花很少的时间休息，而不是很多。对劳动者而言恰恰相反，休闲意味着摆脱了羁绊，他总盼着少干多玩，工作时间越短越好，这种想法也在情理之中

 

1、当真相大白的时候，人们呼吁政府要给英雄正名。(put in a good word for)

People appealed to the government to put in a good word for the real hero after the truth came out.

2、新年到了，山姆意识到是该暂时把工作放到一边，给父母打个电话的时候了。 (occur to)

On the coming of the New Year, it occurred to Sam that he should put aside his work for a while and call his parents.

3、在这个瞬息万变的时代，年轻人常常把个人利益放在首位而将社会责任抛在脑后。(tune out)

In a time of change, young people often put self-interest in the first place and tune out social commitment.

4、政府已经意识到贫富分化可能导致严重的社会问题，并且已采取措施来缩小这种差距。(arise from)

The government has realized that serious social problems may arise from wealth polarization, and measures have been taken to shorten the distance.

5、作为成名的代价，明星们尤其容易受到批评的攻击，因为人们总是对他们期望更高。(be vulnerable to)

As the cost of being famous, stars are particularly vulnerable to criticism, because people always have higher expectations of them.

6、恐怖袭击被成功镇压之后，惊魂未定的人质们被引领着穿过一个秘密通道，来到安全地带。（shepherd）

After the terrorist attack was successfully suppressed, the horrorstricken hostage were shepherded across a secret passage to the safety zone.

7、最终，作者选择反驳谣言，倒不是因为个人受到了冒犯，更多的是因为这给别人造成了伤害。（inflict）

Finally, the author chose to retort the rumor not because of any personal offense, but rather in response to injuries inflicted on others.

8、罪犯向律师解释到，他天生意志薄弱，物质欲望经常会战胜情感，所以才会去偷熟人的东西。（overpower）

The criminal explains to his lawyer that his will is so naturally fragile that his physical needs often overpower his feeling, which leads to the theft of his acquaintance.

9、当她的奶奶，也是这个世界上唯一爱她的人离世时，她心中除了深深的悲伤和遗憾之外，再也没有其它感受。（nothing else but）

When her grandma, the only person who loved her in the world passed away, her heart was filled with nothing but deep sorrow and regret.

<Book2-Unit4>

A silicon-chip agnosticism can be shaken by many puzzles besides the creation. Almost as mysterious are the circumstances that led, billions of years ago, to the creation of the first molecule that could reproduce itself. That step made possible the development of all the forms of life that spread over the earth. Why did it occur just then?

硅芯片时代的不可知论可被除了造物之外的许多疑惑所动摇。几乎具有同样神秘色彩的问题是，在几十亿年前，是什么条件产生了第一个能够复制自身的分子。这一步使得遍布地球的所有生命形式的发展成为可能。为什么恰在那时发生呢?

A religious enthusiasm for the apparent convergence of science and theology in the Big Bang cosmology is understandable. Since the Enlightenment, the scriptural versions of creation or of other “events,” like the fall of man or the miracles of Jesus Christ, have suffered the condescension of science; they were regarded as mere myth, superstition. Now the faithful are tempted to believe that science has performed a laborious validation of at least one biblical “myth”: that of creation.

对于科学和神学在大爆炸宇宙学上表面的趋同，宗教界表现出来的热情是可以理解的。自启蒙运动以来，《圣经》所述的创世故事或者其它“事件”，如人之堕落和耶稣基督的奇迹，屡屡遭遇科学的贬抑；它们仅仅被当作神话、迷信而已。现在信徒们不由得要相信科学已经费力地证实了至少一个圣经“神话”：创世说。

So far, popular reaction to NASA’s announcement that its scientists have discovered evidence of life in a meteorite from Mars has been pretty positive. But that may change as the implications sink in. The announcement is the biggest insult to the human species in almost 500 years. This discovery suggests that life is probably a pretty ordinary phenomenon that occurs any place you give it half a chance.

       美国国家航空和航天局宣布科学家已经发现来自火星的陨石中有生命的迹象。到目前为止，公众的反向相当积极。不过随着人们进一步领会其深层含义，这种积极的反响可能会改变。来自国家宇航局的这一消息是近500年来对人类的最大的冒犯。这一新发现说明生命很可能是相当普遍的一种现象，只要有点机会在任何地方都可能发生。

Earth isn’t special. The alien life-forms aren’t special either. Instead of highly logical humanoids with pointy ears or other endearing characteristics, they seem to be a lot like simple bacteria. Life on Earth was special because it was the only life we knew. In this case, however, the dogma being shattered is based fundamentally on ignorance. Biology has rested precariously on a single data point-life on Earth.

       地球并不特殊。异类的生命形式也不特别。他们不是人们通常合情合理想象的长着尖尖耳朵或其它可爱特点的人形生命，他们很可能更像简单的细菌。地球上的生命之所以特别是因为我们只了解这一种生命形式。那么就这一点来说，现在行将破碎的那类教条根本就是建立在无知的基础上的。生物学的根基非常脆弱，它只是一个数据点，即地球上的生命。

 

1、我的祖母对电器一无所知，所以她总是对任何一种电器都敬而远之。(stay clear of )

Since my grandma knows nothing about electrical appliance, she always stays clear of any of them with fear.

2、尽管已经被包围了将近一周，战士们发誓绝不将阵地放弃给敌人。(yield to)

Although they have been sieged for almost a week, the soldiers swear never to yield the ground to the enemy.

3、他尴尬地发现他的新老板就是那个他曾常常戏弄的小学同学。(turn out)

He found with embarrassment that his new boss turned out to be his primary school classmate, on whom he used to play trick.

4、当社会责任和个人利益发生冲突的时候，每个人都应该清楚该如何抉择。(clash with)

Everybody should know how to choose when their social responsibility clashes with their personal interest

5、来自世界各地的游客都为这座宫殿所展示出来的美丽与智慧而着迷。(be taken with)

Tourists from all over the world are really taken by the beauty and intelligence shown in this palace.

6、这本书以尖锐的视角展示了中产阶级的非洲裔美国人的国内生活，以及奴隶制与种族歧视的残余影响。(residual)

This book provides a sharp look at the domestic lives of middle-class African Americans and the residual impacts of slavery and racial discrimination.

7、那天早上在亚洲最大的农贸集市上，我看见至少十万人相互推挤着购买牲畜，这个情景令我难忘。(jostle)

That morning in the largest rural market in Asian, I saw at least a hundred thousand people jostled with one another to buy livestock, which is so unforgettable to me.

8、这篇叙述开始还延续着早期小说的轻松的描述语气，但是随着故事的展开，这种语气变得模糊了，只偶尔蹦出一些幽默的字词。(recede)

The narration at first continues the light spoken tone of the earlier novel, but as it develops, this tone recedes, only occasionally bursting forth in humorous words.

9、两派都认为再强硬的枪支法对降低犯罪率也是无能为力的，关键是对人的教育。(concur)

The two groups concurred that even the toughest gun laws would have no effect on crime rate; the key lies in the education of people.

10、没有人能想到，这位伟大作家的坟墓只有一小块木板作标记，上面写着他的名字，字迹几乎被岁月磨掉了。(obliterate)

No one could expect that the great writer’s grave was marketed by a small wooden board, bearing his name, the letters of which were nearly obliterated by time.

<Book2-Unit5>

If I were a tourist, I would plan my vacation trip to fall within the April-May or October-November period. Come in the ''season'' and your chance of cold rain and bitter winds is enhanced. And, oddly enough, the whole state will be overcrowded and overpriced.

如果我是一名游客的话，我会将我的出行计划定在四，五月或者十，十一月期间。要是在“旺季”去的话，你遭受冷雨寒风的机会会更大。而且很奇怪地，全国都会挤得一塌糊涂，收费还高得惊人

I would drive down or fly down probably to Jacksonville and get there early enough in the day so I wouldn't have to overnight there. In fact, I would stay away from the cities, except to fly in and fly back out. I would try to stay away from anything that required me to buy a ticket to go in and see it.

我会开车或坐飞机到达杰克逊维尔，而且在一天之中较早的时间到达，这样我就不必在那过夜了。实际上，我会尽量避开城市，除非是为了转机。我还会尽量避开任何要我买门票去参观的地方

I would rent a car in Jacksonville and, using the most detailed map of the state obtainable, I would head south on State Road 13 which follows the east bank of the St. Johns River. I would take it slow, and look for a fish camp. I'd rent a skiff with a small outboard and putt along the river for an hour or so, looking at the Florida world, exhaling all the tensions of travel.

我会在杰克逊维尔租辆车，借助能找到的最详细的国家地图，朝南走13号国道，顺着圣约翰河东岸而下。我会慢慢地开，寻找垂钓营地。我会租一艘带有突出甲板的小船在河上待上一两个小时，看看弗罗里达世界，解除旅行的压力。

1、与其说成功在于运气不如说是在于辛勤努力。(not so much as)

Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work.

2、由于美国在地域和人种上存在巨大差异，使得人们往往难以对其民族特性进行概括。(stem from)

Such difficulties for us to classify their national characteristics usually stem from the enormous variety of America and Americans.

3、在新闻发布会上，部长不得不避开记者提出的某些尴尬的问题。（fend off）

The minister has to fend off some awkward questions from reporters at the press conference.

4、作为家里六个孩子中的老四，我总是陷于两头都够不上的中间境遇，很多事情对于我来说不是因为年龄太小，就是太大而不合适。(to be caught in the middle of)

Once again, I was caught in the middle of circumstances. The fourth born of six children, it was not uncommon that I was either too young or too old for something.

5、随着居民生活质量的提高，人们的衣食住用行都有了较大改善。(on the rise)

The quality of life of the residents has been on the rise, with considerable improvement in food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities."

6、尽管财力吃紧，该国政府依然决定扶持那些关系国计民生的企业。(prop up)

In spite of the tight budget, the government will still prop up the declining industries that are related to the national economy and people’s livelihood.

7、我们不仅向中国高科技领域的创业者们提供风险投资，并且在投资后提供一系列增值服务和强有力的支持。(an array of)

In addition to providing venture capital, we offer an array of value-added services and in-depth support to entrepreneurs in China's high-tech industries.

8、孩子们之所以能把自己的母语学好，恰恰是因为他们投身于语言的海洋之中，而不单单是读几本教科书而已。(plunge into)

If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only.

 

<Book2-Unit8>

Why “copy” people in the first place? Couples unable to have children might choose to have a copy of one of them rather than accept the intrusion of genes from a donor. My wife and I have two children of our own and an adopted child, but I find it helpful to consider what might have happened in my own marriage if a copy of me had been made to overcome infertility. My wife and I met in high school. (to be continued)

首先为何要“复制”人呢？不能生育的夫妇可能选择复制他们自身而不接受捐献者的基因。我和妻子生有两个孩子，又领养了一个，但是假使克隆一个我自己来弥补不能生育的遗憾的话，那对我的婚姻意味着什么？这样的换位思考非常有益。我与妻子在高中相识。(后续)

How would she react to a physical copy of the young man she fell in love with? How would any of us find living with ourselves? Surely the older clone—I, in this case—would believe that he understood how the copy should behave and so be even more likely than the average father to impose expectations upon his child. Above all, how would a teenager cope with looking at me, a balding, aging man, and seeing the physical future ahead of him?

她将如何面对让她陷入爱河的那个年轻人的克隆？如果我们任何人发现和自己生活在一起，我们会做出什么反应？当然，那个被克隆的人——当前情况下，也就是我——将认为他理解他的复制品的行为，因而比起一般的父亲，他更可能强加一些愿望在孩子身上。但是，最重要的是，一个十多岁的孩子怎样能忍受这样的情形：看着我——一个日渐秃顶、衰老的人——明白这就是他将来的模样？

Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned from a single cell in 1997. Since then scientists have been working to explore more possibilities in the cloning world. Recently Chinese scientists have also successfully cloned mammals such as an ox. But, the issue has caused a debate. The United Nations passed a declaration banning all forms of human cloning in February, 2005, saying it is contrary to human dignity. Supporters included the US and Germany. But not everyone agreed. China, Japan, Britain and another 32 countries believe limited cloning is helpful. China is against cloning another person, but supports limited cloning research for the treatment and prevention of diseases.

1997年克隆羊多莉成为第一个由单细胞克隆的哺乳动物。从此科学家们致力于探究这一领域更大的可能性。近来，中国的科学家也成功地克隆了哺乳动物，例如牛。然而，克隆引发了争论。2005年2月联合国发表禁止任何形式的克隆人宣言，宣言宣称克隆人违背人类尊严。这一宣言的支持者包括美国和德国。但是并非所有国家投赞成票。中国、日本、英国及其他32个国家认为限制性的克隆是有益处的。中国反对克隆人，但是支持为治疗和预防疾病进行的限制性克隆研究。

 

1、万一天公不作美下雨的话，球迷期盼已久的橄榄球赛将不得不延期举行。(in the event of)

In the event of rain, the rugby game long expected by fans will have to be postponed.

2、人们怀疑公司的这项举措是否符合绝大多数员工的利益。(in the interests of )

People have doubts if the measure taken by the company is in the interests of majority of employees

3、为了不辜负父母的期望，他尽了最大努力去实现目标——成为一名优秀的钢琴演奏家。(live up to)

In order to live up to parents’ expectations, he did the best to achieve his goal to become an excellent pianist.

4、你根据什么说那位官员收受贿赂？如果没有任何线索我们很难展开调查。(on ... grounds)

On what ground did you say that the official had taken bribes? If you couldn’t offer us any clues, it would be unlikely for us to make investigations.

5、恐怖活动日益猖獗，但是我们始终相信在世界各国建立反恐联盟的基础上和在各国人民的鼎力支持下，反恐事业定会迎来胜利的一天。(champion)

Terrorism is becoming rampant. However, we always believe that  the cause of counter-terrorism will for sure succeed one day, based on an alliance between nations and championed by people from all around the world.

6、社会结构改变可能会间接影响到犯罪率。比如说，经济波动往往导致工作机会减少，失业增加，因而引发犯罪率上升。(incidence)

Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect crime incidences. For example, economic fluctuations always lead to fewer job opportunities and rising unemployment, thus causing an increasing crime rate.

7、周日，阿伦·艾弗森在NBA全明星赛中因成绩优异而夺得最有价值球员称号。来自费城76人队的艾弗森在比赛中共拿到15分，其中助攻得10分，抢断得5分，从而为东部明星队敲开胜利之门。(spark)

Allen Iverson took the Most Valuable Player (MVP) award for his efforts during the NBA’s All-Star Game on Sunday. Iverson, of the Philadelphia 76ers, collected 15 points, 10 assists and 5 steals, to spark a winning performance by the Eastern Conference side.

8、克隆的寿命是否受到被克隆的父母的年龄的影响当然不是一个在短时期内就能说得清的问题，这有待于人类长期的，不懈的努力。(life span)

Certainly, it is not a question likely to be answered in a short period of time, whether a clone’s life span is affected by the years its parent has already lived, but one requiring our long-term and unremitting efforts.

<Book2-Unit12>

Cambridge University is a world-renowned university with a history of more than 700 years. It has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such as Newton, Bacon, Milton, Byron and Darwin, who made outstanding contribution to the progress of mankind. Today, Cambridge University, which has produced more Nobel Prize winners than any other university, still takes a significant place among all the institutions of higher learning in the world. For 100 years, many Chinese scholars have traveled long distances to study in Cambridge. Today, the Chinese academic community still maintains good exchanges and cooperation with Cambridge. This has played a positive role in and exerted a sound influence on enhanced cultural exchanges and friendship between the Chinese and British people and progress in science and technology as well as in thinking.

剑桥大学是具有700多年历史的世界著名学府，曾培养出牛顿、培根、弥尔顿、拜伦、达尔文等对人类进步事业作出杰出贡献的伟大科学家、思想家和诗人。今天，剑桥大学作为获得诺贝尔奖学者最多的大学，在世界高等学府中依然居于显要的地位。100年来，许多中国学者不远万里到剑桥求学访问。今天，中国学术界和剑桥大学继续保持着良好的交流与合作。这对加强中英人民的文化交流和友谊，推进科技和思想进步产生了积极的作用和影响。

 

(1)    唯一的儿子意外死去，她悲痛至极，一个星期都没有睡好觉。(anguish)

Her anguish at the unexpected death of her only child was so great that she did not have a wink of sleep for a week.

(2)    现代奥运会受古代奥运会的影响，在名称、举办周期、某些仪式和思想内容上继承了古代的优秀遗产，但又与古代奥运会有着本质的不同。(legacy)

By the influence of the ancient Olympic Games, modern Olympic Games inherits the ancient outstanding legacy in name, holding period, certain rites and thoughts, but it has essential difference from the ancient.

(3)    科学家们正在探索能以经济的方式进行环境恢复和废品处理的技术。(restoration)

The scientists are exploring the technologies required to perform environmental restoration and waste management in a cost-effective manner.

(4)    有的图案再现了小说中的人物，有的显示了主办者的标志，还有一些表现了抽象的概念。 (depict)

Some depict story-book characters, others suggest the sponsor's hallmark, and some represent abstract ideas.

(5)    尽快摆脱落后现状，迅速走向现代化，是社会进步与发展的必然要求，也是各族人民的强烈愿望。(fervent)

Rapidly shaking off its traditional backwardness and quickening its steps toward modernization are the natural requirements for the progress and development of the society and the fervent wish of all the ethnic groups.

(6)    他往往会因为鸡毛蒜皮的小事而暴跳如雷，可是当生命受到威胁时，却一反常态地镇静。(turbulent)

Excitable and turbulent in trifling matters, when actual bodily danger threatened he was an abnormal quiet.

(7)    我担心万一货物受损或被盗，保险公司可能会以包装不当为理由拒绝赔偿。(on the grounds of)

I'm still afraid that in case of damage or pilferage, the insurance company might refuse indemnification on the grounds of improper packing.

(8)    本文看起来是一篇幽默科幻故事，但是其用意却是向大众揭示地球上环境污染这一严肃的问题。（bring home to somebody）

Though the article sounds like a piece of humorous science fiction, it is intended to bring home to the public the serious problem of environmental pollution on the earth.