Android异步加载图像(含线程池,缓存方法)

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研究了android从网络上异步加载图像:

(1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。

     在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示

01private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
02        handler.post(new Runnable() {
03               public void run() {
04                   Drawable drawable = null;
05                   try {
06                       drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(),"image.png");
07                   catch (IOException e) {
08                   }
09                   ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
10               }
11           });
12   }

上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。

然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?

(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下:

1final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
2         @Override
3         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
4            ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
5         }
6     };


对应加载图像代码如下:对应加载图像代码如下:对应加载图像代码如下:

01// 引入线程池来管理多线程
02   private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
03       executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
04           public void run() {
05               try {
06                   final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(newURL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
07                   handler.post(new Runnable() {
08 
09                       public void run() {
10                           ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
11                       }
12                   });
13               catch (Exception e) {
14                   throw new RuntimeException(e);
15               }
16           }
17       });
18   }

(4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是

建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类

01public class AsyncImageLoader3 {
02   //为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
03    public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
04    private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务
05    private final Handler handler=new Handler();
06 
07     /**
08     *
09     * @param imageUrl     图像url地址
10     * @param callback     回调接口
11     * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
12     */
13    public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
14        //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
15        if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
16            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
17            if (softReference.get() != null) {
18                return softReference.get();
19            }
20        }
21        //缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中
22         executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
23            public void run() {
24                try {
25                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(newURL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");
26 
27                    imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
28 
29                    handler.post(new Runnable() {
30                        public void run() {
31                           callback.imageLoaded(drawable);
32                        }
33                    });
34                catch (Exception e) {
35                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
36                }
37            }
38        });
39        return null;
40    }
41     //从网络上取数据方法
42    protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
43        try {
44            return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(),"image.png");
45        catch (Exception e) {
46            throw new RuntimeException(e);
47        }
48    }
49    //对外界开放的回调接口
50    public interface ImageCallback {
51        //注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源
52        public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
53    }
54}

这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。

在主线程调用代码:

  先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

  调用异步加载方法:

 

01//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
02    private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
03          //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
04         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,newAsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
05             //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
06             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
07               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
08             }
09         });
10        if(cacheImage!=null){
11          ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
12        }
13    }


5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:

01public class AsyncImageLoader {
02   //为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
03    private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
04 
05     /**
06     *
07     * @param imageUrl     图像url地址
08     * @param callback     回调接口
09     * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
10     */
11    public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
12        //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
13        if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
14            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
15            if (softReference.get() != null) {
16                return softReference.get();
17            }
18        }
19 
20        final Handler handler = new Handler() {
21            @Override
22            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
23                callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);
24            }
25        };
26        new Thread() {
27            public void run() {
28                Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
29                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
30                handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));
31 
32            }
33 
34        }.start();
35        /*
36        下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法
37         */
38//        new AsyncTask() {
39//            @Override
40//            protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) {
41//                  Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
42//                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
43//                return  drawable;
44//            }
45//
46//            @Override
47//            protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {
48//                  callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);
49//            }
50//        }.execute();
51        return null;
52    }
53 
54    protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
55        try {
56            return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src");
57        catch (Exception e) {
58            throw new RuntimeException(e);
59        }
60    }
61    //对外界开放的回调接口
62    public interface ImageCallback {
63        public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
64    }
65}


至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:

001package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity;
002 
003import android.app.Activity;
004import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
005import android.os.Bundle;
006import android.os.Handler;
007import android.os.Message;
008import android.widget.ImageView;
009import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;
010import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;
011import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3;
012 
013import java.io.IOException;
014import java.net.URL;
015import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
016import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
017 
018public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {
019       final Handler handler=new Handler();
020      final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
021          @Override
022          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
023             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
024          }
025      };
026private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务
027    private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
028    private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();
029 
030 
031@Override
032public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
033  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
034  setContentView(R.layout.main);
035   
036//  loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
037//  loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
038//  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
039//        loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
040//  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
041 
042        loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
043  loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
044  loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
045        loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
046  loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
047//        loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
048//  loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
049//  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
050//        loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
051//  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
052 
053//        loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
054//  loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
055//  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
056//        loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
057//  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
058 
059//        loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
060//        //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时
061//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
062//  loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
063//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
064//  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
065//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
066//        loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
067//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
068//  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
069//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
070//         loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
071}
072 
073@Override
074protected void onDestroy() {
075  executorService.shutdown();
076  super.onDestroy();
077}
078    //线程加载图像基本原理
079    private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
080         handler.post(new Runnable() {
081                public void run() {
082                    Drawable drawable = null;
083                    try {
084                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(),"image.png");
085                    catch (IOException e) {
086                    }
087                    ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
088                }
089            });
090    }
091     //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
092     private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
093         Thread thread = new Thread(){
094             @Override
095             public void run() {
096               Drawable drawable = null;
097                    try {
098                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(),"image.png");
099                    catch (IOException e) {
100                    }
101 
102                Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
103                 message.arg1 = id;
104                 message.obj = drawable;
105                 handler2.sendMessage(message);
106             }
107         };
108         thread.start();
109         thread = null;
110    }
111    // 引入线程池来管理多线程
112    private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
113        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
114            public void run() {
115                try {
116                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(newURL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
117                    handler.post(new Runnable() {
118 
119                        public void run() {
120                            ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
121                        }
122                    });
123                catch (Exception e) {
124                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
125                }
126            }
127        });
128    }
129    //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
130    private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
131          //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
132         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,newAsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
133             //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
134             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
135               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
136             }
137         });
138        if(cacheImage!=null){
139          ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
140        }
141    }
142 
143    //采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口
144    private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) {
145          //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
146         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,newAsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {
147             //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
148             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
149               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
150             }
151         });
152        if(cacheImage!=null){
153                    ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
154        }
155    }
156 
157 
158}



xml文件大致如下:

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01<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
02 
03<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
04              android:layout_width="fill_parent"
05              android:orientation="vertical"
06              android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
07  <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
08   <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
09    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
10    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
11    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
12</LinearLayout>

转自:http://blog.csdn.net/itachi85/article/details/7589660


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