oracle 10g rman 备份与恢复 之二

rman 10g备份与恢复
海明老师第三讲
一、nocatalog备份
备份archivelog
backup database plus archivelog delete input 备份数据文件，控制文件，参数文件，归档日志文件，然后把备份完的归档日志文件进行删除）
备份表空间
backup tablespace users（对应的表空间）
备份控制文件
backup current controlfile
backup database include current controlfile

启动监听
lsnrctl start/stop/status
====================================================================================
实验：
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@redhat ~]$ rman nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期六 4月 20 04:51:36 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

RMAN> connect target sys/123456

connected to target database: WOLF (DBID=3778783462)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
1、全备
RMAN> backup database plus archivelog delete input;

Starting backup at 20-4月 -13
current log archived
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=158 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=2 recid=11 stamp=813214354
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130420T045234_8q4otorc_.bkp
 tag=TAG20130420T045234 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/archivelog/2013_04_20/o1_mf_1_2_8q4otkmz_.arc recid=11 stamp=813214354
Finished backup at 20-4月 -13

Starting backup at 20-4月 -13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130420T045240_8q4otrlk_.bkp
tag=TAG20130420T045240 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:06:45
Finished backup at 20-4月 -13

Starting backup at 20-4月 -13
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=3 recid=12 stamp=813214765
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130420T045925_8q4p7h2y_.bkp
 tag=TAG20130420T045925 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/archivelog/2013_04_20/o1_mf_1_3_8q4p7fts_.arc recid=12 stamp=813214765
Finished backup at 20-4月 -13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813214768_8q4p7jrs_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13

RMAN>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2、备份表空间
RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema

List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1    480      SYSTEM               ***     /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf
2    25       UNDOTBS1             ***     /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf
3    240      SYSAUX               ***     /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf
4    5        USERS                ***     /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf
5    20       RMAN_WOLF            ***     /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbf

List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1    20       TEMP                 32767       /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/temp01.dbf

RMAN> backup tablespace rman_wolf;

Starting backup at 20-4月 -13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00005 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130420T050523_8q4plm6l_.bkp tag=TAG20130420T050523 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20-4月 -13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813215126_8q4plq2t_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13

RMAN> list backupset
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3、备份控制文件 （备份多分控制文件，在恢复时他会自动去找最新的那个）

RMAN> backup current controlfile;

Starting backup at 20-4月 -13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20130420T052003_8q4qg39b_.bkp tag=TAG20130420T052003 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20-4月 -13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813216006_8q4qg6y1_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13

二、rman备份有两种模式
http://blog.csdn.net/yujin2010good/article/details/8828216
1、备份集（backupset）默认
2、镜像备份（image copies）
copy datafile 。。。。to。。。。。

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema

List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1    480      SYSTEM               ***     /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf
2    25       UNDOTBS1             ***     /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf
3    240      SYSAUX               ***     /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf
4    5        USERS                ***     /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf
5    20       RMAN_WOLF            ***     /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbf

List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1    20       TEMP                 32767       /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/temp01.dbf

RMAN> copy datafile 5 to '/oracle/ora10g/rman_wolfbak.dbf'
2> ;

Starting backup at 20-4月 -13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00005 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbf
output filename=/oracle/ora10g/rman_wolfbak.dbf tag=TAG20130420T053733 recid=1 stamp=813217057
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
Finished backup at 20-4月 -13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813217061_8q4rh5p4_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13

RMAN> list copy;

specification does not match any archive log in the recovery catalog

List of Datafile Copies
Key     File S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time        Name
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- --------------- ----
1       5    A 20-4月 -13      481685     20-4月 -13      /oracle/ora10g/rman_wolfbak.dbf

======================================================================================================================

海明老师第四讲

1、单命令
backup database等等 就是一个分号,

2、批命令
run｛
allocate channel cha1 type disk；
backup format “/oracle/ora10g/rmanback/full_%T"
tag full_backup_wolf
database；
release channel cha1;
｝
上面两条命令的作用相同
    如通道分配，即使不写，oracle rman也会自动分配，缺省就会分配一个channel
 输出是磁盘disk，当然也可以是tps（磁带）
 format指定了存放的路径和格式
 tag意思是打个标签，没有指定时，为rman缺省打上去的
 release也是自动

format（备份的文件名是什么样的，标识）
%c 备份片的拷贝数
%d 数据库名称
%D 位于该月中的第几天 (DD)
%M 位于该年中的第几月 (MM)
%F 一个基于DBID唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII为该数据库的DBID，YYYYMMDD为
日期，QQ是一个1-256的序列
%n 数据库名称，向右填补到最大八个字符
%u 一个八个字符的名称代表备份集与创建时间
%p 该备份集中的备份片号，从1开始到创建的文件数
%U 一个唯一的文件名，代表%u_%p_%c
%s 备份集的号
%t 备份集时间戳
%T 年月日格式(YYYYMMDD)

channel（通道）
    一个通道是rman和目标数据库的连接，allocate channel命令在目标数据库上启动一个服务器进程，同时必须定义服务器进程执
行备份或者恢复操作使用的i/o类型。
通道控制命令可以用来：
    控制rman使用的O/S资源
 影响并行度
 指定i/o带宽的限制                        设置limit read rate参数
 定义备份片大小的限制                     设置limit kbytes
 指定当前打开文件的限制值                 设置limit maxopenfiles
channel就是为了控制备份的行为。引入channel大大提高灵活性。可以分配多个channel，可以定义不同的备份。

实验
 
[oracle@redhat ~]$ rman
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期六 4月 20 10:57:35 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
RMAN> connect target /
connected to target database: WOLF (DBID=3778783462)
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel cha1 type disk;
3> backup format "/oracle/ora10g/rmanback/full_%T"
4> tag full_backup_wolf
5> database;
6> release channel cha1;
7> }

allocated channel: cha1
channel cha1: sid=132 devtype=DISK

Starting backup at 20-4月 -13
channel cha1: starting full datafile backupset
channel cha1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf
channel cha1: starting piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
channel cha1: finished piece 1 at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/rmanback/full_20130420 tag=FULL_BACKUP_WOLF comment=NONE
channel cha1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:45
Finished backup at 20-4月 -13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813238627_8q5fk44n_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13

released channel: cha1