12、Servlet监听器

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Listener是Servlet的监听器,它可以监听客户端的请求、服务端的操作等。通过监听器,可以自动激发一些操作,比如监听在线用户的数量。
当增加一个HttpSession时,就激发sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se)方法,这样就可以给在线人数加1.

1、Servlet常用的监听接口:

    -ServletContextAttributeListener监听对ServletContext属性的操作,比如增加、删除、修改属性:attributeAdded(),attributeRemoved()、attributeReplaced()
    -ServletContextListener监听ServletContext,当创建ServletContext时,激发contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce)方法;当销毁ServletContext时,激发contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce)方法

2、一个监听器实例:监听ServletContext的创建与销毁

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener{public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce){System.out.println("destroyed" + sce.getServletContext());}public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce){System.out.println("initialized  " + sce.getServletContext());}}


监听器同Servlet和Filter一样,也需要在Web.xml中进行部署,上面的监听器部署如下:

<listener>  <listener-class>com.cdtax.listener.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>  </listener>

 

一个监听器:对ServletContext的属性进行监听:

import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implementsServletContextAttributeListener{public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab){System.out.println("attribute added");System.out.println(scab.getName() + ":" + scab.getValue());}public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab){System.out.println("attribute removed");System.out.println(scab.getName() + ":" + scab.getValue());}public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab){System.out.println("attribute replace");System.out.println(scab.getName() + ":" + scab.getValue());}}


web.xml中部署:

 <listener>  <listener-class>com.cdtax.listener.MyServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class>  </listener>


使用jsp页面改变ServletContext属性进行试验:

<body>    <% application.setAttribute("testaa","aaaaaa"); %>    <% application.setAttribute("testaa","bbbbbb"); %>    <% application.setAttribute("testaa","cccccc"); %>    <% application.setAttribute("testaa","dddddd"); %>  </body>


 

<body>   <% application.removeAttribute("testaa"); %>  </body>

 

3、HttpSessionListener监听HttpSession的操作。当创建一个Session时,激发sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se)方法;当销毁一个Session时,激发sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se)方法。

      HttpSessionAttributeListener监听HttpSession中的属性的操作。当在Session增加一个属性时,激发attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)方法;当在Session删除一个属性时,激发attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)方法;当在Session属性被重新设置时,激发attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)方法。
 监听session创建:

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;public class MySessionListener implements HttpSessionListener{public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se){System.out.println("session created");System.out.println(se.getSession());}public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se){System.out.println("session destroyed");System.out.println(se.getSession());}}


<listener>  <listener-class>com.cdtax.listener.MySessionListener</listener-class>  </listener>


监听session属性:

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;public class MySessionAttributeListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener{public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se){System.out.println("attribute added");System.out.println(se.getName() + ":" + se.getValue());}public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se){System.out.println("attribute removed");System.out.println(se.getName() + ":" + se.getValue());}public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se){System.out.println("attribute replaced");System.out.println(se.getName() + ":" + se.getValue());}}


web.xml中部署:

 <listener>  <listener-class>com.cdtax.listener.MySessionAttributeListener</listener-class>  </listener>


测试jsp

<body>    <% session.setAttribute("aa","bb");    session.setAttribute("aa","cc");    session.setAttribute("aa","dd");    session.removeAttribute("aa");    %>  </body>



 

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