CCNA实验四:VLAN VTP VLAN间路由实验

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 实验拓扑:

 

 

 

一、配置VTP协议

VTPVLAN Trunking Protocol):是VLAN中继协议,也被称为虚拟局域网干道协议。

它是思科私有协议。

 

在所有的交换机上配置VTP,域名为ccna,设置VTPSeverClient

 

VTP Server

 

Switch>en

Switch#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)#hostname Server

Server(config)#vtp domain ccna

Changing VTP domain name from NULL to ccna

Server(config)#vtp mode server

Device mode already VTP SERVER.

Server(config)#vtp version 2

Server(config)#

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

Client1

 

Switch>en

Switch#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)#hostname Client1

Client1(config)#vtp domain ccna

Changing VTP domain name from NULL to ccna

Client1(config)#vtp mode client

Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

Client2

 

Switch>en

Switch#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)#hostname Client2

Client2(config)#vtp domain ccna

Changing VTP domain name from NULL to ccna

Client2(config)#vtp mode client

Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.

Client2(config)#

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

二、配置中继端口

 

配置交换机的接口有五种模式:

  • Switchport mode access

将接口设置为永久非中继模式,成为专用的第二层接入点。

  • switchport mode trunk

将接口设置为永久中继模式,并可以通过协商将链路设置为Trunk模式。

  • switchport mode dynamic auto

这种模式为自动模式,若邻接接口为Trunkdesirable 模式,可以自动协商成Trunk模式。

  • Switchport mode dynamic desirable

这样设置接口是使接口能够尽力转换为中继模式,若两端接口都为desirable模式,则可以协商成trunk模式。现在的思科交换机所有以太网都默认设置为此模式了。

  • Switchport nonegotiate

禁止接口生成DTP帧。仅当接口处于accesstrunk模式时,才能使用此命令。

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

Server

 

Server(config)#int f0/1

Server(config-if)#swit

Server(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

 

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

 

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

 

Server(config-if)#

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

Client1

 

Client1(config)#int range f0/1-2

Client1(config-if-range)#swi

Client1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

Client1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

 

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

 

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

 

Client1(config-if-range)#

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

 

Client2

 

Client2(config)#int f0/2

Client2(config-if)#sw

Client2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Client2(config-if)#

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

三、配置VLAN

 

配置vlan需要在VTP Server上进行,普通的client上是没有增添删改vlan的权限的。

 

Server

 

Server#vlan database

% Warning: It is recommended to configure VLAN from config mode,

  as VLAN database mode is being deprecated. Please consult user

  documentation for configuring VTP/VLAN in config mode.

 

Server(vlan)#vlan 10

VLAN 10 added:

    Name: VLAN0010

Server(vlan)#no vlan 10

Deleting VLAN 10...

Server(vlan)#vlan 10 name vlan10-technology

VLAN 10 added:

    Name: vlan10-technology

Server(vlan)#vlan 20 name vlan20-HR

VLAN 20 added:

    Name: vlan20-HR

Server(vlan)#vlan 30 name vlan30-market

VLAN 30 added:

    Name: vlan30-market

Server(vlan)#

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

Show vlan检查vlan信息

 

Server#show vlan

 

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1    default                          active    Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5

                                                Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9

                                                Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13

                                                Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17

                                                Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21

                                                Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1

                                                Gig1/2

10   vlan10-technology                active   

20   vlan20-HR                        active   

30   vlan30-market                    active   

1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup

1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

 

VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2

---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0

10   enet  100010     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0

20   enet  100020     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0

30   enet  100030     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0

1002 fddi  101002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0  

1003 tr    101003     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0  

1004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      -        ieee -        0      0  

1005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      -        ibm  -        0      0  

 

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

 

Primary Secondary Type              Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

Server#

 

这里可以看到vlan 102030已经划分成功,但还没有加入接口,下面再将接口划分到vlan下。~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

在客户机上查看vtp信息:

 

Client1#show vtp status

VTP Version                     : 2

Configuration Revision          : 6

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs        : 8

VTP Operating Mode              : Client              客户模式

VTP Domain Name                 : ccna                  域名

VTP Pruning Mode                : Disabled         未开启裁剪

VTP V2 Mode                     :  Enabled           开启了版本2

VTP Traps Generation            : Disabled         未启用自陷信息

MD5 digest                      : 0x82 0x51 0x1A 0x92 0xE4 0xA1 0x8E 0xFD

Configuration last modified by 192.168.1.253 at 3-1-93 01:15:46

Client1#

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

将接口划分到vlan

 

  • server中的f0/3-10接口划分到vlan 10

Server(config)#int range f0/3-10

Server(config-if-range)#swi

Server(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

Server(config-if-range)#sw

Server(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10

Server(config-if-range)#

  • client中的f0/10-20接口划分到vlan 20

Client1(config)#int range f0/10-20

Client1(config-if-range)#sw

Client1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

Client1(config-if-range)#sw

Client1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20

Client1(config-if-range)#exit

  • client2中的f0/5-15接口划分到vlan 10

Client2(config)#int range f0/5-15

Client2(config-if-range)#sw

Client2(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

Client2(config-if-range)#sw

Client2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10

Client2(config-if-range)#exi

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

设置PCip

 

  • PC1

IP:192.168.1.10/24

网关:192.168.1.1

  • PC2

IP:192.168.1.20/24

网关:192.168.1.1

  • PC3

IP:192.168.20.10/24

网关:192.168.20.1

  • PC4

IP:192.168.1.30/24

网关:192.168.1.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

设置单臂路由

 

  • f0/0.1接口指定为802.1q协议,vlan 10

R1(config)#int f0/0

R1(config-if)#no shut

 

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

 

R1(config-if)#no shut

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#int f0/0.1

R1(config-subif)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up

 

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up

 

R1(config-subif)#encaps

R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 10

R1(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-subif)#exi

R1(config)#

 

  • f0/0.2接口指定为802.1q协议,vlan 20

R1(config)#int f0/0

R1(config-if)#int f0/0.2

 

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.2, changed state to up

 

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0.2, changed state to up

R1(config-subif)#

R1(config-subif)#enca

R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 20

R1(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-subif)#exi

R1(config)#

 

  • 设置Server交换机与路由器相连接口为Trunk模式

 

Server(config)#int f0/24

Server(config-if)#sw

Server(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

 

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to down

 

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to up

 

Server(config-if)#

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

测试主机的连通性

 

PC>ping 192.168.1.30

 

Pinging 192.168.1.30 with 32 bytes of data:

 

Reply from 192.168.1.30: bytes=32 time=56ms TTL=128

Reply from 192.168.1.30: bytes=32 time=19ms TTL=128

Reply from 192.168.1.30: bytes=32 time=18ms TTL=128

Reply from 192.168.1.30: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=128

 

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.30:

    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

    Minimum = 17ms, Maximum = 56ms, Average = 27ms

 

PC1可以成功pingPC4,说明vlan划分设置成功!!

 

 

 

 

 

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