必须声明元素类型 "hibernate-mapping"

[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (2) : 必须声明元素类型 "hibernate-mapping"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (3) : 必须声明元素类型 "class"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (4) : 必须声明元素类型 "id"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (5) : 必须声明元素类型 "column"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (6) : 必须声明元素类型 "generator"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (8) : 必须为元素类型 "property" 声明属性 "type"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (9) : 必须声明元素类型 "column"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (10) : 元素类型为 "property" 的内容必须匹配 "null"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (11) : 必须为元素类型 "property" 声明属性 "type"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (12) : 必须声明元素类型 "column"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (13) : 元素类型为 "property" 的内容必须匹配 "null"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (14) : 必须为元素类型 "property" 声明属性 "type"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (15) : 必须声明元素类型 "column"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (16) : 元素类型为 "property" 的内容必须匹配 "null"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (17) : 必须为元素类型 "property" 声明属性 "type"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (18) : 必须声明元素类型 "column"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (19) : 元素类型为 "property" 的内容必须匹配 "null"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (20) : 必须为元素类型 "property" 声明属性 "type"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (21) : 必须声明元素类型 "column"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (22) : 元素类型为 "property" 的内容必须匹配 "null"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (23) : 必须为元素类型 "property" 声明属性 "type"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (24) : 必须声明元素类型 "column"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,359] ERROR org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.ErrorLogger  - HHH000196: Error parsing XML (25) : 元素类型为 "property" 的内容必须匹配 "null"。[2013-05-16 16:25:15,375] ERROR org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader  - Context initialization failedorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in class path resource [spring/applicationContext-tran.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.hibernate.InvalidMappingException: Unable to read XMLat org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1486)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:524)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:461)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:608)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:389)at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:294)at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:112)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4206)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4705)at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:799)at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:779)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:601)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:675)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptors(HostConfig.java:601)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:502)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1317)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:324)at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:142)at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1065)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:840)at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1057)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:463)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:525)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:754)at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:595)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)Caused by: org.hibernate.InvalidMappingException: Unable to read XMLat org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.MappingReader.readMappingDocument(MappingReader.java:109)at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.add(Configuration.java:478)at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.add(Configuration.java:474)at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.addFile(Configuration.java:469)at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.addDirectory(Configuration.java:858)at org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalSessionFactoryBean.java:323)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1545)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1483)... 36 moreCaused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 4; columnNumber: 20; 必须声明元素类型 "hibernate-mapping"。at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.handleStartElement(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.startElement(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl$NSContentDriver.scanRootElementHook(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)at org.dom4j.io.SAXReader.read(SAXReader.java:465)at org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.MappingReader.readMappingDocument(MappingReader.java:78)... 43 more五月 16, 2013 4:25:15 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStartSEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in class path resource [spring/applicationContext-tran.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.hibernate.InvalidMappingException: Unable to read XMLat org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1486)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:524)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:461)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:608)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:389)at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:294)at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:112)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4206)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4705)at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:799)at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:779)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:601)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:675)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptors(HostConfig.java:601)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:502)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1317)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:324)at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:142)at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1065)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:840)at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1057)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:463)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:525)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:754)at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:595)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)Caused by: org.hibernate.InvalidMappingException: Unable to read XMLat org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.MappingReader.readMappingDocument(MappingReader.java:109)at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.add(Configuration.java:478)at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.add(Configuration.java:474)at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.addFile(Configuration.java:469)at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.addDirectory(Configuration.java:858)at org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalSessionFactoryBean.java:323)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1545)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1483)... 36 moreCaused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 4; columnNumber: 20; 必须声明元素类型 "hibernate-mapping"。at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.handleStartElement(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.startElement(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl$NSContentDriver.scanRootElementHook(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)at org.dom4j.io.SAXReader.read(SAXReader.java:465)at org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.MappingReader.readMappingDocument(MappingReader.java:78)... 43 more

解决方法：

将

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

换成

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">