自动生成Makefile
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AutoMake 学习笔记
作者：许振文
过程记录：
1. autoscan2. 修改configure.scan，重命名为configure.in,编辑Ｍａｋｅｆｉｌｅ.ａｍ3. 运行aclocal4. autoconf5. automake --add-missing6. ./configure && ｍａｋｅ && ｍａｋｅ ｉｎｓｔａｌｌ了。
制作目录结构及文件：
helight@helight:myshell$ lssrchelight@helight:myshell$ ls src/myshell.chelight@helight:myshell$
接下来运行“autoscan”并且编辑相关文件：
1.将"configure.scan"重命名为"configure.in"。2.在本文件夹和子文件夹中建立Makefile.am文件。
helight@helight:myshell$ autoscan helight@helight:myshell$ lsautoscan.log configure.scan srchelight@helight:myshell$ mv configure.scan configure.inhelight@helight:myshell$ vim configure.in helight@helight:myshell$ vim Makefile.amhelight@helight:myshell$ vim src/Makefile.am
修改后的configure.in
# -*- Autoconf -*- # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.AC_PREREQ(2.61)AC_INIT("myshell", "0.01", "helight.xu@gmail.com")AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/myshell.c])AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE("myshell", "0.01")# Checks for programs.AC_PROG_CC# Checks for libraries.# Checks for header files.AC_HEADER_STDCAC_HEADER_SYS_WAITAC_CHECK_HEADERS([stdlib.h string.h unistd.h])# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.AC_TYPE_PID_TAC_TYPE_UID_T# Checks for library functions.AC_FUNC_FORKAC_FUNC_MALLOCAC_CHECK_FUNCS([memset strrchr])AC_CONFIG_FILES(Makefile src/Makefile)AC_OUTPUT与autoscan生成的文件相比，主要添加修改了以下几行:
AC_INIT("myshell", "0.01", "helight.xu@gmail.com")AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE("myshell", "0.01")AC_CONFIG_FILES(Makefile src/Makefile)新建立的Makefile.am文件的内容
helight@helight:myshell$ cat Makefile.am #Makefile.amSUBDIRS = srchelight@helight:myshell$
新建立的src/Makefile.am文件的内容
helight@helight:myshell$ cat src/Makefile.am #src/Makefiel.ambin_PROGRAMS = myshellmyshell_SOURCES = myshell.chelight@helight:myshell$
接下来运行aclocal
此时会生成aclocal.m4和autom4te.cache。helight@helight:myshell$ aclocalhelight@helight:myshell$ lsaclocal.m4 autoscan.log configure.in Makefile.am srchelight@helight:myshell$
再运行:autoconf生成configure文件.
helight@helight:myshell$ autoconf helight@helight:myshell$ lsaclocal.m4 autoscan.log configure.in srcautom4te.cache configure Makefile.amhelight@helight:myshell$
再运行autohead 生成config.h.in
helight@helight:myshell$ autoheader helight@helight:myshell$ lsaclocal.m4 autoscan.log configure Makefile.amautom4te.cache config.h.in configure.in srchelight@helight:myshell$
最后运行automake --add-missing 就能得到Makefile.in
helight@helight:myshell$ automake --add-missingconfigure.in: installing `./install-sh'configure.in: installing `./mkinstalldirs'configure.in: installing `./missing'Makefile.am: installing `./COPYING'Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'Makefile.am: required file `./NEWS' not foundMakefile.am: required file `./README' not foundMakefile.am: required file `./AUTHORS' not foundMakefile.am: required file `./ChangeLog' not foundsrc/Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'helight@helight:myshell$ lsaclocal.m4 config.h.in COPYING install-sh missingautom4te.cache configure depcomp Makefile.am mkinstalldirsautoscan.log configure.in INSTALL Makefile.in srchelight@helight:myshell$这里可以看到提示缺少一些文件。但这些文件是可以不要的。
可以configure了
helight@helight:myshell$ ./configure checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for gawk... nochecking for mawk... mawkchecking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yeschecking for gcc... gccchecking for C compiler default output file name... a.outchecking whether the C compiler works... yeschecking whether we are cross compiling... nochecking for suffix of executables... checking for suffix of object files... ochecking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yeschecking whether gcc accepts -g... yeschecking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none neededchecking for style of include used by make... GNUchecking dependency style of gcc... gcc3checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -Echecking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grepchecking for egrep... /bin/grep -Echecking for ANSI C header files... yeschecking for sys/wait.h that is POSIX.1 compatible... yeschecking for sys/types.h... yeschecking for sys/stat.h... yeschecking for stdlib.h... yeschecking for string.h... yeschecking for memory.h... yeschecking for strings.h... yeschecking for inttypes.h... yeschecking for stdint.h... yeschecking for unistd.h... yeschecking for stdlib.h... (cached) yeschecking for string.h... (cached) yeschecking for unistd.h... (cached) yeschecking for pid_t... yeschecking for uid_t in sys/types.h... yeschecking vfork.h usability... nochecking vfork.h presence... nochecking for vfork.h... nochecking for fork... yeschecking for vfork... yeschecking for working fork... yeschecking for working vfork... (cached) yeschecking for stdlib.h... (cached) yeschecking for GNU libc compatible malloc... yeschecking for memset... yeschecking for strrchr... yesconfigure: creating ./config.statusconfig.status: creating Makefileconfig.status: creating src/Makefileconfig.status: creating config.hconfig.status: executing depfiles commandshelight@helight:myshell$
编译make
helight@helight:myshell$ make
最后附上一张automake的工作流程图：
实例解说:
实验一、LINUX 环境编程
一.实验目的了解 LINUX 实验环境的基本使用方法,减少对 LINUX 的陌生感,熟悉 LINUX 的实验环境。
学会使用 LINUX 常用操作命令;学会使用 gcc 编译程序;学习 make 工具的使用及使用
automake 工具集自动生成 Makefile;学习 gdb 调试工具的使用方法。
二.实验条件
IBM-PC 兼容机
Fedora14 Linux 操作系统
三.实验原理
1. Linux 基本操作:见教材 4.4 节
2. gcc 编译器使用:见教材 5.1 节
3.make 与 Makefile 编写:见教材 5.2 节
4 白动生成 Makefile:见教材 5.3 节
5. gdb 调试工具使用:见教材 5.4 节
6. Linux 下集成开发工具,见教材 5 .5 节
四.实验步骤分析
1.编写计算 5+9/3 的程序, 一个头文件 myhead.h、
一个进行加法运算的 myadd.c
分成四个文件:
一个进行除法运算的 mydiv.c 文件和一个求出最终结果并打印的 result.c 文件。
文件、 然后编
写一个 Makefile,使它们在 make 工具下生成正确的可执行文件 myresult。具体步骤如下:
1.1 新建实验目录,在目录下使用 vi 编辑器编辑程序的 4 个源文件。
myadd.c
mydiv.c
result.c
myhead.h
1.2 编写 Makefile 文件
1.3 使用 make 工具生成可执行文件 myresult。
1.4 运行可执行文件,得到运行结果
2.1 在源码目录下运行 autoscan,生成 configure.scan 文件。
2.2 修改 configure.scan 文件并命名为 configure.in。2.3 运行 aclocal 和 autoconf,生成 configure 文件。
2.4 编辑 Makefile.am 文件,运行 automake 生成 Makefile.in 文件。
2.6 对比自动生成的 Makefile 和自己编写的 Makefile,自动生成的 Makefile 很长,具体
见附录 1.
3.用 gdb 调试工且调试实验 1 生成的可执行文件 myresult
3.1 启动 gdb 调试 myresult
3.2 在加法和除法结束处设置断点,检查它们的输出结果。
3.3 继续执行完程序。
3.4 附加题
五.实验结果与总结
实验结果见实验步骤与附录 1,。
在 Linux 下使用最多的编程语言是 C 和 C++。在 Linux 下使用 C 开发应用程序,必须学会
使用 GCC 编译程序、Makefile 管理程序的编译已经 GDB 调试程序。这次实验让我掌握了这
些工具,收获很大。
附录 1
# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.11.1 from Makefile.am.
# Makefile. Generated from Makefile.in by configure.
# Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
# 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
# Inc.
# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
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! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec $(install_sh) -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
|| chmod -R a+r "$(distdir)"
dist-gzip: distdir
tardir=$(distdir) && $(am__tar) | GZIP=$(GZIP_ENV) gzip -c >$(distdir).tar.gz
$(am__remove_distdir)
dist-bzip2: distdir
tardir=$(distdir) && $(am__tar) | bzip2 -9 -c >$(distdir).tar.bz2
$(am__remove_distdir)
dist-lzma: distdir
tardir=$(distdir) && $(am__tar) | lzma -9 -c >$(distdir).tar.lzma
$(am__remove_distdir)
dist-xz: distdir
tardir=$(distdir) && $(am__tar) | xz -c >$(distdir).tar.xz
$(am__remove_distdir)
dist-tarZ: distdir
tardir=$(distdir) && $(am__tar) | compress -c >$(distdir).tar.Z
$(am__remove_distdir)
dist-shar: distdir
shar $(distdir) | GZIP=$(GZIP_ENV) gzip -c >$(distdir).shar.gz
$(am__remove_distdir)
dist-zip: distdir
-rm -f $(distdir).zip
zip -rq $(distdir).zip $(distdir)
$(am__remove_distdir)
dist dist-all: distdir
tardir=$(distdir) && $(am__tar) | GZIP=$(GZIP_ENV) gzip -c >$(distdir).tar.gz
$(am__remove_distdir)
# This target untars the dist file and tries a VPATH configuration. Then
# it guarantees that the distribution is self-contained by making another
# tarfile.
distcheck: dist
case '$(DIST_ARCHIVES)' in \
*.tar.gz*) \
GZIP=$(GZIP_ENV) gzip -dc $(distdir).tar.gz | $(am__untar) ;;\
*.tar.bz2*) \
bzip2 -dc $(distdir).tar.bz2 | $(am__untar) ;;\
*.tar.lzma*) \
lzma -dc $(distdir).tar.lzma | $(am__untar) ;;\
*.tar.xz*) \
xz -dc $(distdir).tar.xz | $(am__untar) ;;\
*.tar.Z*) \
uncompress -c $(distdir).tar.Z | $(am__untar) ;;\
*.shar.gz*) \
GZIP=$(GZIP_ENV) gzip -dc $(distdir).shar.gz | unshar ;;\
*.zip*) \
unzip $(distdir).zip ;;\
esac
chmod -R a-w $(distdir); chmod a+w $(distdir)
mkdir $(distdir)/_build
mkdir $(distdir)/_inst
chmod a-w $(distdir)
test -d $(distdir)/_build || exit 0; \
dc_install_base=`$(am__cd) $(distdir)/_inst && pwd | sed -e 's,^[^:\\/]:[\\/],/,'` \
&& dc_destdir="$${TMPDIR-/tmp}/am-dc-$$$$/" \
&& am__cwd=`pwd` \
&& $(am__cd) $(distdir)/_build \
&& ../configure --srcdir=.. --prefix="$$dc_install_base" \
$(DISTCHECK_CONFIGURE_FLAGS) \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) dvi \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) check \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) installcheck \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) uninstall \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) distuninstallcheck_dir="$$dc_install_base" \
distuninstallcheck \
&& chmod -R a-w "$$dc_install_base" \
&& ({ \
(cd ../.. && umask 077 && mkdir "$$dc_destdir") \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) DESTDIR="$$dc_destdir" install \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) DESTDIR="$$dc_destdir" uninstall \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) DESTDIR="$$dc_destdir" \
distuninstallcheck_dir="$$dc_destdir" distuninstallcheck; \
} || { rm -rf "$$dc_destdir"; exit 1; }) \
&& rm -rf "$$dc_destdir" \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) dist \
&& rm -rf $(DIST_ARCHIVES) \
&& $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) distcleancheck \
&& cd "$$am__cwd" \
|| exit 1
$(am__remove_distdir)
@(echo "$(distdir) archives ready for distribution: "; \
list='$(DIST_ARCHIVES)'; for i in $$list; do echo $$i; done) | \
sed -e 1h -e 1s/./=/g -e 1p -e 1x -e '$$p' -e '$$x'
distuninstallcheck:
@$(am__cd) '$(distuninstallcheck_dir)' \
&& test `$(distuninstallcheck_listfiles) | wc -l` -le 1 \
|| { echo "ERROR: files left after uninstall:" ; \
if test -n "$(DESTDIR)"; then \
echo " (check DESTDIR support)"; \
fi ; \
$(distuninstallcheck_listfiles) ; \
exit 1; } >&2
distcleancheck: distclean
@if test '$(srcdir)' = . ; then \
echo "ERROR: distcleancheck can only run from a VPATH build" ; \
exit 1 ; \
fi
@test `$(distcleancheck_listfiles) | wc -l` -eq 0 \
|| { echo "ERROR: files left in build directory after distclean:" ; \
$(distcleancheck_listfiles) ; \
exit 1; } >&2
check-am: all-am
check: check-am
all-am: Makefile $(PROGRAMS)
installdirs:
for dir in "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)"; do \
test -z "$$dir" || $(MKDIR_P) "$$dir"; \
done
install: install-am
install-exec: install-exec-am
install-data: install-data-am
uninstall: uninstall-am
install-am: all-am
@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am
installcheck: installcheck-am
install-strip:
$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
`test -z '$(STRIP)' || \
echo "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'"` install
mostlyclean-generic:
clean-generic:
distclean-generic:
-test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)
-test . = "$(srcdir)" || test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)" || rm -f
$(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)
maintainer-clean-generic:
@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
clean: clean-am
clean-am: clean-binPROGRAMS clean-generic mostlyclean-am
distclean: distclean-am
-rm -f $(am__CONFIG_DISTCLEAN_FILES)
-rm -rf ./$(DEPDIR)
-rm -f Makefile
distclean-am: clean-am distclean-compile distclean-generic \
distclean-tags
dvi: dvi-am
dvi-am:
html: html-am
html-am:
info: info-am
info-am:
install-data-am:
install-dvi: install-dvi-am
install-dvi-am:
install-exec-am: install-binPROGRAMS
install-html: install-html-am
install-html-am:
install-info: install-info-am
install-info-am:
install-man:
install-pdf: install-pdf-am
install-pdf-am:
install-ps: install-ps-am
install-ps-am:
installcheck-am:
maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
-rm -f $(am__CONFIG_DISTCLEAN_FILES)
-rm -rf $(top_srcdir)/autom4te.cache
-rm -rf ./$(DEPDIR)
-rm -f Makefile
maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic
mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am
mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-compile mostlyclean-generic
pdf: pdf-am
pdf-am:
ps: ps-am
ps-am:
uninstall-am: uninstall-binPROGRAMS
.MAKE: install-am install-strip
.PHONY: CTAGS GTAGS all all-am am--refresh check check-am clean \
clean-binPROGRAMS clean-generic ctags dist dist-all dist-bzip2 \
dist-gzip dist-lzma dist-shar dist-tarZ dist-xz dist-zip \
distcheck distclean distclean-compile distclean-generic \
distclean-tags distcleancheck distdir distuninstallcheck dvi \
dvi-am html html-am info info-am install install-am \
install-binPROGRAMS install-data install-data-am install-dvi \
install-dvi-am install-exec install-exec-am install-html \
install-html-am install-info install-info-am install-man \
install-pdf install-pdf-am install-ps install-ps-am \
install-strip installcheck installcheck-am installdirs \
maintainer-clean maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean \
mostlyclean-compile mostlyclean-generic pdf pdf-am ps ps-am \
tags uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-binPROGRAMS
# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
.NOEXPORT:
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