6、拦截器

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拦截器(Interceptor):拦截器是struts2的核心,struts2的众多功能都是通过拦截器来实现的。

拦截器的实现与Filter非常类似。

1、拦截器的配置:

1)编写实现Interceptor接口的类。
2)在struts.xml文件中定义拦截器
3)在action中使用

一旦定义了自己的拦截器,将其配置到action上后,我们需要在action的最后加上默认的拦截器栈:defaultStack。

定义一个拦截器:

package com.cdtax.interceptor;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;public class TheInterceptor1 implements Interceptor{private String test;public String getTest(){return test;}public void setTest(String test){this.test = test;}@Overridepublic void destroy(){}@Overridepublic void init(){System.out.println("init invoke");}@Overridepublic String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception{System.out.println("brfore");String result = invocation.invoke();System.out.println("after");return result;}}


在struts.xml进行配置:

<interceptors>    <interceptor name="theInterceptor1" class="com.cdtax.interceptor.TheInterceptor1"><param name="test">cdtax</param>    </interceptor></interceptors><action name="action11" class="com.cdtax.struts2.Action1"><result name="success" type="redirectAction"><param name="actionName">action22</param><param name="password">${password}</param><param name="usernameAndpassword">${usernameAndpassword}</param><param name="eee">${ceshi}</param></result><interceptor-ref name="theInterceptor1"></interceptor-ref></action>


<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>

AbstractInterceptor,是一个对Interceptor接口的默认实现类,就是空实现。

在定义一个拦截器TheInterceptor2:

package com.cdtax.interceptor;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;public class TheInterceptor2 extends AbstractInterceptor{@Overridepublic String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception{System.out.println("before....");System.out.println("interceptor2:" + invocation.getAction().getClass());String result = invocation.invoke();System.out.println("after.....");return result;}}

配置struts.xml

<action name="action11" class="com.cdtax.struts2.Action1"><result name="success" type="redirectAction"><param name="actionName">action22</param><param name="password">${password}</param><param name="usernameAndpassword">${usernameAndpassword}</param><param name="eee">${ceshi}</param></result><interceptor-ref name="theInterceptor1"></interceptor-ref><interceptor-ref name="theInterceptor2"></interceptor-ref><interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref></action>



定义拦截器时可以直接继承AbstractInterceptor抽象类(该类实现了Interceptor接口,并且对init和destroy方法进行了空实现),然后实现其抽象方法intercept。

对于intercept的参数ActionInvocation,它的getAction方法获得与该拦截器相关的Action,如上面的例子,拦截器1和2的System.out.println("interceptor:" + invocation.getAction().getClass());打印的是相同的信息,都是com.cdtax.struts2.Action1

方法拦截器(可以对指定方法进行拦截的拦截器),需要继承抽象类MethodFilterInterceptor,方法拦截器的配置有两个参数,includeMethods和excludeMethods,表示包含哪些方法和排除某些方法。

MethodFilterInterceptor类中有doIntercept()方法和intercept()方法,看一下源代码

public abstract class MethodFilterInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {    protected transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());        protected Set<String> excludeMethods = Collections.emptySet();    protected Set<String> includeMethods = Collections.emptySet();    public void setExcludeMethods(String excludeMethods) {        this.excludeMethods = TextParseUtil.commaDelimitedStringToSet(excludeMethods);    }        public Set<String> getExcludeMethodsSet() {    return excludeMethods;    }    public void setIncludeMethods(String includeMethods) {        this.includeMethods = TextParseUtil.commaDelimitedStringToSet(includeMethods);    }        public Set<String> getIncludeMethodsSet() {    return includeMethods;    }    @Override    public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {        if (applyInterceptor(invocation)) {            return doIntercept(invocation);        }         return invocation.invoke();    }    protected boolean applyInterceptor(ActionInvocation invocation) {        String method = invocation.getProxy().getMethod();        // ValidationInterceptor        boolean applyMethod = MethodFilterInterceptorUtil.applyMethod(excludeMethods, includeMethods, method);        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {        if (!applyMethod) {        log.debug("Skipping Interceptor... Method [" + method + "] found in exclude list.");        }        }        return applyMethod;    }        /**     * Subclasses must override to implement the interceptor logic.     *      * @param invocation the action invocation     * @return the result of invocation     * @throws Exception     */    protected abstract String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception;    }


通过set方法,有用逗号分隔的字符串方法:commaDelimitedStringToSet,所以配置中的多个方法用逗号分隔

intercept方法最终也是调用doIntercept()方法,所以我们要重写doIntercept方法。

一个action配置方法拦截器的配置:

<action name="action11" class="com.cdtax.struts2.Action1" method="myExecute"><result name="success" type="redirectAction"><param name="actionName">action22</param><param name="password">${password}</param><param name="usernameAndpassword">${usernameAndpassword}</param><param name="eee">${ceshi}</param></result><interceptor-ref name="theInterceptor1"></interceptor-ref><interceptor-ref name="theInterceptor2"></interceptor-ref><interceptor-ref name="theInterceptor3"><param name="includeMethods">execute</param><param name="excludeMethods">myExecute</param></interceptor-ref><interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref></action>


方法过滤拦截器(可以对指定的方法进行拦截的拦截器),在方法过滤拦截器中,如果既没有指定includeMethods参数,也没有指定execludeMethods参数,那么所有的方法都会被拦截,也就是说所有的方法都被认为是includeMethods的,如果仅指定了includeMethods参数,则仅仅拦截指定的方法。

关于intercept的参数ActionInvocation invocation:这个类有一个addPreResultListener方法addPreResultListener(PreResultListener listener),PreResultListener是一个接口,我们要提供实现这个接口的实现类。使用了观察者模式。

一个监听者:

package com.cdtax.listener;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PreResultListener;public class TheListener implements PreResultListener{@Overridepublic void beforeResult(ActionInvocation invocation, String resultCode){System.out.println("resultcode: "+resultCode);}}


在拦截器中注册监听器:

package com.cdtax.interceptor;import com.cdtax.listener.TheListener;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor;public class TheInterceptor3 extends MethodFilterInterceptor{@Overrideprotected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception{invocation.addPreResultListener(new TheListener()); System.out.println("befor interceptor3..."); String  result = invocation.invoke(); System.out.println("after interceptor3..."); return result;}}

监听器的执行时机:是在action执行后:String result = invocation.invoke();,但是还没有渲染前System.out.println("after interceptor3...");

配置默认的拦截器

定义一个拦截器栈:

在<interceptors></interceptors>标签内

<interceptor-stack name="myDefaultInterceptorStack"><interceptor-ref name="loginInterceptor"></interceptor-ref><interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref></interceptor-stack>


然后在<interceptors></interceptors>标签外定义:

<default-interceptor-ref name="myDefaultInterceptorStack"></default-interceptor-ref>


这样我们自己定义的拦截器栈就应用到每一个action上了,为了将某些action排除在外,只能在拦截器中进行处理,如在LoginInterceptor中:

package com.cdtax.interceptor;import java.util.Map;import com.cdtax.struts2.LoginAction;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;public class LoginInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{@Overridepublic String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception{if(LoginAction.class == invocation.getAction().getClass()){return invocation.invoke();}Map map = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession();if(null == map.get("userInfo")){return Action.LOGIN;}return invocation.invoke();}}

 

将配置文件拆分开来,一个主xml文件:struts.xml,而相应的配置放在其他xml文件中,主xml包含相应的分xml就行,如有分xml:struts_1.xml,struts_2.xml,都放在src目录下,则struts.xml中通过如下语句包含:

<include file="struts_1.xml" />
<include file="struts_2.xml" />


 

 

 

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