Spring事务配置的五种方式

Spring事务配置的五种方式

  事务四大特性(简称ACID)

1、原子性(Atomicity)：事务中的全部操作在数据库中是不可分割的，要么全部完成，要么均不执行。
2、一致性(Consistency)：几个并行执行的事务，其执行结果必须与按某一顺序串行执行的结果相一致。
3、隔离性(Isolation)：事务的执行不受其他事务的干扰，事务执行的中间结果对其他事务必须是透明的。
4、持久性(Durability)：对于任意已提交事务，系统必须保证该事务对数据库的改变不被丢失，即使数据库出现故障。

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：

    根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

   <beanid="sessionFactory"
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
        <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
   </bean>

    <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
    <beanid="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
   </bean>
  
    <!--配置DAO-->
   <beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
   </bean>
  
    <beanid="userDao"
         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
           <!--配置事务管理器-->
           <propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>   
        <propertyname="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>
         <propertyname="proxyInterfaces"value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"/>
       <!--配置事务属性-->
        <propertyname="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
           </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

    第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

   <beanid="sessionFactory"
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
        <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
   </bean>

    <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
    <beanid="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
   </bean>
  
    <beanid="transactionBase"
             class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
             lazy-init="true"abstract="true">
        <!--配置事务管理器-->
        <propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
        <!--配置事务属性-->
        <propertyname="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>  
  
    <!--配置DAO-->
   <beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
   </bean>
  
    <beanid="userDao"parent="transactionBase">
        <propertyname="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/> 
    </bean>
</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

   <beanid="sessionFactory"
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
        <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
   </bean>

    <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
    <beanid="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
   </bean>
 
    <beanid="transactionInterceptor"
         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
        <propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
        <!--配置事务属性-->
        <propertyname="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
    <beanclass="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
        <propertyname="beanNames">
            <list>
                <value>*Dao</value>
           </list>
        </property>
        <propertyname="interceptorNames">
            <list>
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
 
    <!--配置DAO-->
   <beanid="userDao"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
   </bean>
</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

   <context:annotation-config/>
   <context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>

   <beanid="sessionFactory"
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
        <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
   </bean>

    <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
    <beanid="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
   </bean>

   <tx:adviceid="txAdvice"transaction-manager="transactionManager">
       <tx:attributes>
           <tx:methodname="*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>
       </tx:attributes>
   </tx:advice>
  
    <aop:config>
       <aop:pointcutid="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/>
       <aop:advisoradvice-ref="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>      
    </aop:config>    
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

   <context:annotation-config/>
   <context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>

   <tx:annotation-driventransaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

   <beanid="sessionFactory"
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
        <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
   </bean>

    <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
    <beanid="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
   </bean>
  
</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

packagecom.bluesky.spring.dao;

importjava.util.List;

importorg.hibernate.SessionFactory;
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
importorg.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;

importcom.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
publicclassUserDaoImplextendsHibernateDaoSupportimplementsUserDao {

   publicList<User>listUsers() {
       returnthis.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
    }
  
    
}