7、struts2命名空间、各种配置元素详解及文件上传下载

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1、package元素，除了有name和extends属性，还有abstract属性：这个属性说明这个包是个抽象包，类似抽象类，不能直接使用，只能定义一个子包，然后extends这个abstract包。struts-default这个package就是abstract的，因此需要我们继承这个包来使用。

namespace属性：起到命名空间分割的作用。通常将namespace的属性值定义成页面所在的目录名。

2、使用input file进行文件上传：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'fileUpload.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>    <form action="fileUploadResult.jsp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">    username:<input type="text" name="username"><br>    file:<input type="file" name="file"><br>    <input type="submit" value="submit">    </form>  </body></html>

一个显示页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.io.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'fileUploadResult.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>    <%     InputStream is = request.getInputStream();    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));    String buffer = null;    while(null != (buffer = br.readLine()))    {    out.print(buffer + "<br>");    }    %>  </body></html>

注意的是，在输入页面，要进行文件上传，form必须使用post方法，而且要使用enctype=multipart/form-data，显示页面要使用io的形式读取传递过来的数据，如果使用request.getParameter()，结果会显示null。

进行文件上传时，必须将表单的method属性设置为post，将enctype属性设置为multipart/form-data

3、使用apache提供的组件进行文件上传：

下载commons-fileupload-1.3-bin.zip和其要依赖的组件包：commons-io-2.2-bin.zip，将其放入WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib目录下，上传文件页面fileUpload.jsp：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'fileUpload.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>    <form action="UploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">    username:<input type="text" name="username"><br>    file1:<input type="file" name="file"><br>    file2:<input type="file" name="file2"><br>    <input type="submit" value="submit">    </form>  </body></html>

使用servlet进行文件上传处理：UploadServlet：

package com.cdtax.servlet;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.List;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet{@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException, IOException{DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();String path = req.getRealPath("/upload");factory.setRepository(new File(path));factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 * 1024);ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);try{List<FileItem> list = (List<FileItem>)upload.parseRequest(req);for(FileItem item : list){String name = item.getFieldName();if(item.isFormField()){String value = item.getString();System.out.println(name + "=" + value);req.setAttribute(name, value);}else{String value = item.getName();int start = value.lastIndexOf("\\");String fileName = value.substring(start + 1);req.setAttribute(name, fileName);//item.write(new File(path,fileName)); //组件提供的文件写入本地磁盘方法，下面是自己控制文件写入磁盘，主要是为了可以进行进度提示处理，组件的方法无法完成这个功能。OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(path,fileName));InputStream is = item.getInputStream();byte[] buffer = new byte[400];int length = 0;while((length = is.read(buffer)) != -1){os.write(buffer,0,length);}is.close();os.close();}}}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}req.getRequestDispatcher("fileUploadResult.jsp").forward(req, resp);}}

在这个servlet中用到了apache的文件上传组件，组要是DiskFileItemFactory、ServletFileUpload、FileItem、

最后的显示页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.io.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'fileUploadResult.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>    <%     /*    InputStream is = request.getInputStream();    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));    String buffer = null;    while(null != (buffer = br.readLine()))    {    out.print(buffer + "<br>");    }    */    %>    username:${requestScope.username }<br>    file:${requestScope.file }<br>    file2:${requestScope.file2 }<br/>      </body></html>

4、使用struts框架实现文件上传

struts框架也是借助于apache的文件上传组件。

struts2有一个默认的属性文件，在struts2-core-2.3.14.jar包下的org.apache.struts2下，名字叫做default.properties，里面配置了一些struts框架的属性，如：

struts.action.extension=action,,等等，如果需要修改struts2的默认属性配置，需要在src目录下建立一个属性文件：struts.properties，然后写上要自定义的配置项，如：

struts.action.extension=do 等等，就是覆盖default.properties的属性设置（default.properties是只读的）

使用struts2框架实现文件上传：一个输入页面：fileUpload.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'fileUpload.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>    <form action="uploadAction.action" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">    username:<input type="text" name="username"><br>    file1:<input type="file" name="file"><br>    <input type="submit" value="submit">    </form>  </body></html>

一个Action：UploadAction

package com.cdtax.struts2;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class UploadAction extends ActionSupport{private String username;private File file; //输入页面表单<input type="file" name="file">,name的值private String fileFileName;//变量命名是规范的，就是输入页面file的name值+FileName（这个是固定的）private String fileContentType;//变量命名是规范的，就是输入页面file的name值+ContentType（这个是固定的）public String getFileFileName(){return fileFileName;}public void setFileFileName(String fileFileName){this.fileFileName = fileFileName;}public String getFileContentType(){return fileContentType;}public void setFileContentType(String fileContentType){this.fileContentType = fileContentType;}public String getUsername(){return username;}public void setUsername(String username){this.username = username;}public File getFile(){return file;}public void setFile(File file){this.file = file;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception{System.out.println(fileFileName);System.out.println(file.getName());String root = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getRealPath("/upload");InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);File destFile = new File(root,fileFileName);OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(destFile);byte[] buffer = new byte[400];int length = 0;while(-1 != (length = is.read(buffer))){os.write(buffer,0,length);}is.close();os.close();return SUCCESS;}}

要注意这里的file，是已经保存到临时目录中的临时文件。
配置struts.xml，添加action

<action name="uploadAction" class="com.cdtax.struts2.UploadAction"><result name="success">/fileUploadResult.jsp</result></action>

最后一个输出结果页面，fileUploadResult.jsp：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.io.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'fileUploadResult.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>        username:<s:property value="username"/>    fllename:<s:property value="fileFileName"/>    filecontexttype:<s:property value="fileContentType" />      </body></html>

这里使用了struts的标签库。

struts2在进行文件上传操作时，实际上是通过两个步骤实现的：
1）首先将客户端上传的文件保存到struts.multipart.saveDir键所指定的目录中，如果该键所对应的目录不存在，那么就保存到javax.servlet.context.tempDir环境变量所指定的目录中。
2）Action中所定义的File类型的成员变量file实际上指向的是临时目录中的临时文件，然后在服务器端通过IO的方式将临时文件写入到指定的服务器端目录中。

在完成上述代码运行时，总是提示org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadBase$SizeLimitExceededException：the request was rejected because its size (64594527) exceeds the configured maximum (2097152)，无法完成上传，问题的原因是struts2框架规定了默认的上传文件大小为2097152，即2M，是在struts2默认的属性文件，struts2-core-2.3.14.jar包下的org.apache.struts2下，名字叫做default.properties中的struts.multipart.maxSize=2097152规定的，解决的方法有两个：一个是在struts.xml中添加<constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="10485760"/>，value规定文件大小，二是在struts.properties中定义：struts.multipart.maxSize=2097152000

struts.properties的优先级高。

如果没有定义struts.multipart.saveDir，会出现：信息: Unable to find 'struts.multipart.saveDir' property setting. Defaulting to javax.servlet.context.tempdir

因为在default.properties中struts.multipart.saveDir值为空，没定义，我们可以在struts.properties中定义，这是临时文件保存的地方，没定义，默认在javax.servlet.context.tempdir指定的目录下，就是D:\apache-tomcat-6.0.36\work\Catalina\localhost\struts2，项目的根目录下。

5、OGNL（Object Graph Navigation Language）对象图导航语言。struts标签库就是借助OGNL实现的。

6、多文件上传

一个上传输入页面fileUpload2.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'fileUpload2.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>    <form action="uploadAction2.action" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">    username:<input type="text" name="username"><br>    file1:<input type="file" name="file"><br>    file2:<input type="file" name="file"><br>    file3:<input type="file" name="file"><br>    <input type="submit" value="submit">    </form>  </body></html>

一个action：UploadAction2

package com.cdtax.struts2;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.List;import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class UploadAction2 extends ActionSupport{private String username;private List<File> file;private List<String> fileFileName;private List<String> fileContentType;public String getUsername(){return username;}public void setUsername(String username){this.username = username;}public List<File> getFile(){return file;}public void setFile(List<File> file){this.file = file;}public List<String> getFileFileName(){return fileFileName;}public void setFileFileName(List<String> fileFileName){this.fileFileName = fileFileName;}public List<String> getFileContentType(){return fileContentType;}public void setFileContentType(List<String> fileContentType){this.fileContentType = fileContentType;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception{for(int i = 0; i < file.size(); i++){InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file.get(i));String root = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getRealPath("/upload");File destFile = new File(root,fileFileName.get(i));OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(destFile);byte[] buffer = new byte[400];int length = 0;while(-1 !=(length = is.read(buffer))){os.write(buffer,0,length);}is.close();os.close();}return SUCCESS;}}

配置struts.xml，添加action

<action name="uploadAction2" class="com.cdtax.struts2.UploadAction2"><result name="success">/fileUploadResult2.jsp</result></action>

一个最后的输出结果页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'fileUploadResult2.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>    username:<s:property value="username"/>    <s:iterator value="fileFileName" id="f">        file:<s:property value="#f" /><br/>        </s:iterator>    <s:iterator value="fileContentType" id="n">    contenttype:<s:property value="#n"/><br/>    </s:iterator>  </body></html>

要注意，输入页面的多个file，其name值要相同，在action中，定义成员变量要定义为集合。

7、<iterator>标签：很重要。

OGNL有一个根元素，如果不是根元素，就使用#表示，如file:<s:property value="#f" />

8、struts的文件上传也是使用拦截器来处理的，在struts-default.xml中有interceptor为fileUpload的拦截器，具体为FileUploadInterceptor

9、文件的下载：

一个下载页面download.jsp：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'download.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>    <a href="downloadFile.action">xiazai</a>  </body></html>

一个处理下载的action

package com.cdtax.struts2;import java.io.InputStream;import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class DownloadAction extends ActionSupport{public InputStream getDownloadFile(){return ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/upload/commons.zip");}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception{return SUCCESS;}}

struts.xml中进行配置：

<action name="downloadFile" class="com.cdtax.struts2.DownloadAction"><result type="stream"><param name="ContentDisposition">attachment;filename="commons.zip"</param><param name="inputName">downloadFile</param></result></action>

需要注意的地方：action中提供了一个方法获得输入流，这个方法的命名要与配置文件中<param name="inputName">downloadFile</param>对应起来，这里是downloadFile，方法就是getDownloadFile；action的方法返回的流是实际文件，如("/upload/commons.zip对应磁盘上的文件，配置文件中也有一个filename，这个文件名是展现给用户下载对话框中的文件名，对于<param name="ContentDisposition">attachment;filename="commons.zip"</param>如果没有指定attachment，默认为inline的，对于像exe等文件，弹出下载对话框，而对于txt等文件，直接在页面显示内容，加上attachment，无论什么文件，都弹出下载对话框。

对于下载文件，action配置的result类型type为stream

改进：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'download.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>    <a href="downloadFile2.action?num=2">xiazai</a>  </body></html>

package com.cdtax.struts2;import java.io.InputStream;import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class DownloadAction2 extends ActionSupport{private int num;private String filename;public String getFilename(){return filename;}public void setFilename(String filename){this.filename = filename;}public int getNum(){return num;}public void setNum(int num){this.num = num;}public InputStream getDownloadFile(){if(1 == num){this.filename = "comments.zip";return ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/upload/commons.zip");}else{this.filename = "struts2.3.14.zip";return ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/upload/struts-2.3.14-all.zip");}}}

<action name="downloadFile2" class="com.cdtax.struts2.DownloadAction2"><result type="stream"><param name="ContentDisposition">attachment;filename=${filename}</param><param name="inputName">downloadFile</param></result></action>

根据客户端传递的参数不同下载不同的文件

10、中文乱码问题：

对action进行改进

package com.cdtax.struts2;import java.io.InputStream;import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class DownloadAction2 extends ActionSupport{private int num;private String filename;public String getFilename(){return filename;}public void setFilename(String filename){this.filename = filename;}public int getNum(){return num;}public void setNum(int num){this.num = num;}public InputStream getDownloadFile(){try{if(1 == num){this.filename = "中文comments.zip";this.filename = new String(this.filename.getBytes("gbk"),"iso8859_1");return ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/upload/commons.zip");}else{this.filename = "中文struts2.3.14.zip";this.filename = new String(this.filename.getBytes("gbk"),"iso8859_1");return ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/upload/struts-2.3.14-all.zip");}}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}return null;}}

使用new String(this.filename.getBytes("gbk"),"iso8859_1");进行转码

11、struts2可以使用struts2-convention-plugin-2.3.14.jar插件实现基于注解的配置

package com.cdtax.struts2;import java.util.Date;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ExceptionMapping;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ExceptionMappings;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.InterceptorRef;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.InterceptorRefs;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;import com.cdtax.bean.User;import com.cdtax.service.LoginService;import com.cdtax.service.impl.LoginServiceImpl;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;@ParentPackage("struts-default")@Action(value="login",results={@Result(name="success",location="/result.jsp"),@Result(name="input",location="/login.jsp")})@InterceptorRef("defaultStack")@InterceptorRefs({@InterceptorRef(""),@InterceptorRef("")})@ExceptionMapping(exception = "", result = "")@ExceptionMappings({})public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport{private String username;private String password;private int age;private Date date;private LoginService loginService = new LoginServiceImpl();public Date getDate(){return date;}public void setDate(Date date){this.date = date;}public int getAge(){return age;}public void setAge(int age){this.age = age;}public String getUsername(){return username;}public void setUsername(String username){this.username = username;}public String getPassword(){return password;}public void setPassword(String password){this.password = password;}public String execute() throws Exception{//if(!"hello".equals(username))//{//throw new UsernameException("username invalid");//}//if(!"world".equals(password))//{//throw new PasswordException("password invalid!");//}//HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();//HttpSession session = request.getSession();//session.setAttribute("hello", "heloworld");////ActionContext actionContext = ActionContext.getContext();//Map<String,Object> map = actionContext.getSession();////使用Map是为了进行单元测试//Object object = map.get("hello");//System.out.println(object);if(this.loginService.isLogin(username, password)){User user = new User();user.setUsername(username);user.setPassword(password);ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("userInfo", user);return SUCCESS;}return INPUT;}public String myExecute(){System.out.println("myExecute invoke!");return SUCCESS;}}

如果既有struts.xml又有注解，冲突时，以注解为准。