bcp,只为boost库瘦身

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Boost简介

Boost,是一组经过同行评审的(peer-reviewed)可移植的C++代码库。采用Boost Software License进行开源,其作者很多都来自C++标准委员会。Boost库已成为C++的TR1标准之一,同时实现了很多C++11的功能(号称C++11的准标准库)。

Boost提供了很多高级的算法,数据结构等组件,应用非常广泛,如mongodb就采用了很多boost组件。陈硕的muduo库,也采用了boost的很多库……。其中,应用最广泛的,如array,call_traits等。

虽然,Boost很好,但不是每一个组件都是最佳实践(编码风格等),不是每一个库都很好用,不是每一个都达到产品级的质量要求。以下是Google C++ Style Guide3.245版本,针对Boost库的使用规范:

Boost

Use only approved libraries from the Boost library collection.

Definition:

The Boost library collection is a popular collection of peer-reviewed, free, open-source C++ libraries.

Pros:

Boost code is generally very high-quality, is widely portable, and fills many important gaps in the C++ standard library, such as type traits, better binders, and better smart pointers. It also provides an implementation of the TR1 extension to the standard library.

Cons:

Some Boost libraries encourage coding practices which can hamper readability, such as metaprogramming and other advanced template techniques, and an excessively "functional" style of programming.

Decision:

In order to maintain a high level of readability for all contributors who might read and maintain code, we only allow an approved subset of Boost features. Currently, the following libraries are permitted:

Call Traits from boost/call_traits.hppCompressed Pair from boost/compressed_pair.hppPointer Container from boost/ptr_container except serialization and wrappers for containers not in the C++03  standard (ptr_circular_buffer.hpp and ptr_unordered*)Array from boost/array.hppThe Boost Graph Library (BGL) from boost/graph, except serialization (adj_list_serialize.hpp) and parallel/distributed algorithms and data structures (boost/graph/parallel/* and boost/graph/distributed/*).Property Map from boost/property_map, except parallel/distributed property maps (boost/property_map/parallel/*).The part of Iterator that deals with defining iterators: boost/iterator/iterator_adaptor.hpp, boost/iterator/iterator_facade.hpp, and boost/function_output_iterator.hppThe part of Polygon that deals with Voronoi diagram construction and doesn't depend on the rest of Polygon: boost/polygon/voronoi_builder.hpp, boost/polygon/voronoi_diagram.hpp, and boost/polygon/voronoi_geometry_type.hpp

We are actively considering adding other Boost features to the list, so this rule may be relaxed in the future.

另外,一个关键性的问题就是Boost标准发行版本实在太大了。解压之后大概400多M,如果有完整编译,需要1.2G左右的磁盘空间。虽然,有一小部分组件或实用功能不需要(Boost几乎就是template的乐高积木)编译,但这依然是阻碍很多人使用的一个原因。还好,Boost为了方便开发人员,组织和发布属于自己的独立组件,而提供了一个bcp工具(估计很多人都不知道)。当然,任何人都可以通过bcp来裁剪boost,以满足自己的需求(mongodb使用的,就是经过裁剪的boost库)。bcp才是本文的主角,下面言归正传。

bcp实用工具

bcp是一个专门用于提取Boost子集组件的工具。对于想要从Boost独立发布个人的库代码的Boost开发者,以及想根据自己的需求裁剪/定制Boost的用户来说,这是一个非常有用的工具。

bcp同时可以报告你的代码依赖Boost组件以及这些组件使用的licences。

bcp语法

bcp --list [options] module-list

列出module-list及其所有依赖的文件列表。

bcp [options] module-list output-path

拷贝module-list依赖的所有文件到output-path目录。

bcp --report [options] module-list html-file

输出module-list的所有依赖到html报告中。其中依赖的文件,包括:licenses、源代码和测试程序代码等。 命令选项,包括:

--boost=path

设置boost代码树本地路径。如果没有指定此选项,默认会将当前路径作为Boost代码树的跟目录

--scan

将module列表(module list)作为非boost文件,通过扫描确定对Boost的依赖,不会拷贝或列出模块列表自身相关的文件。

--svn

仅仅拷贝处于svn版本管理之下的文件。

--unix-lines

确保所有被拷贝的文件都采用unix风格的行编辑模式(line endings)。

module-list: 

没有指定--scan选项时,用于指定待拷贝的boost文件或库名列表。这个列表可以是:

一个工具的名称:如`build`,将找到`tools/build`;一个库的名称:如`regex`;一个头文件的title:如`scoped_ptr`,将找到`boost/scoped_ptr.hpp`;一个头文件的文件名:如`scoped_ptr.hpp`,将找到`boost/scoped_ptr.hpp`;一个文件名:如`boost/regex.hpp`

当指定了--scan选项时,是一个非Boost(non-boost)的文件列表,用于扫描其对boost的依赖,这些文件将不会被拷贝或罗列。

output-path

目标文件的输出目录。

bcp使用示例

bcp scoped_ptr /foo

拷贝boost/scoped_ptr.hpp及其依赖的源码到/foo目录。

bcp boost/regex.hpp /foo

拷贝boost/regex.hpp和所有依赖的代码,包括regex源码(libs/regex/src)和构建文件(libs/regex/build)到/foo目录。但是,不会拷贝regex文档,test,或示/样例代码。

bcp regex /foo

拷贝所有regex库(libs/regex),包括依赖的代码(比如,regex测试程序依赖的boost.test源码)到/foo

bcp regex config build /foo

拷贝所有regex库(libs/regex),附加config库(libs/config)和构建系统(tools/build)以及所有的依赖代码到/foo。(这个非常有用

bcp --scan --boost=/boost foo.cpp bar.cpp boost

扫描非boost文件foo.cpp和bar.cpp对boost的依赖代码。同时,将其拷贝到子目录boost下。(在不明确依赖关系的情况下,这个模式非常有用

bcp --report regex.hpp boost-regex-report.html

为Boost模块regex.hpp创建一个名为boost-regex-report.html的HTML报告文件。此报告包含,license信息,作者明细和文件依赖。

bcp应用演示

编译boost及bcp

1、下载 boost_1_53_0代码到~/boost目录,并进行本地编译

i@home boost_1_53_0> cd ~/boosti@home boost> tar xzvf boost_1_53_0.tar.gzi@home boost_1_53_0> cd boost_1_53_0i@home boost_1_53_0> ./bootstrap.shi@home boost_1_53_0> ./b2i@home boost_1_53_0> ./bjam --toolset=gcc stagei@home boost_1_53_0> cd tools/bcpi@home bcp> ../../bjam --toolset=gcc stage

2、定制boost/timer.hpp对应的依赖代码

i@home bcp> cd ../..i@home boost_1_53_0> mkdir -p fooi@home boost_1_53_0> dist/bin/bcp boost/timer.hpp foo Copying file: boost/config.hpp Copying file: boost/config/abi/borland_prefix.hpp Copying file: boost/config/abi/borland_suffix.hpp Copying file: boost/config/abi/msvc_prefix.hpp Copying file: boost/config/abi/msvc_suffix.hpp Copying file: boost/config/abi_prefix.hpp Copying file: boost/config/abi_suffix.hpp Copying file: boost/config/auto_link.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/borland.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/clang.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/codegear.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/comeau.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/common_edg.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/compaq_cxx.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/cray.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/digitalmars.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/gcc.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/gcc_xml.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/greenhills.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/hp_acc.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/intel.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/kai.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/metrowerks.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/mpw.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/nvcc.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/pathscale.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/pgi.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/sgi_mipspro.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/sunpro_cc.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/vacpp.hpp Copying file: boost/config/compiler/visualc.hpp Copying file: boost/config/no_tr1/cmath.hpp Copying file: boost/config/no_tr1/complex.hpp Copying file: boost/config/no_tr1/functional.hpp Copying file: boost/config/no_tr1/memory.hpp Copying file: boost/config/no_tr1/utility.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/aix.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/amigaos.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/beos.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/bsd.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/cray.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/cygwin.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/hpux.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/irix.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/linux.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/macos.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/qnxnto.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/solaris.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/symbian.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/vms.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/vxworks.hpp Copying file: boost/config/platform/win32.hpp Copying file: boost/config/posix_features.hpp Copying file: boost/config/requires_threads.hpp Copying file: boost/config/select_compiler_config.hpp Copying file: boost/config/select_platform_config.hpp Copying file: boost/config/select_stdlib_config.hpp Copying file: boost/config/stdlib/dinkumware.hpp Copying file: boost/config/stdlib/libcomo.hpp Copying file: boost/config/stdlib/libcpp.hpp Copying file: boost/config/stdlib/libstdcpp3.hpp Copying file: boost/config/stdlib/modena.hpp Copying file: boost/config/stdlib/msl.hpp Copying file: boost/config/stdlib/roguewave.hpp Copying file: boost/config/stdlib/sgi.hpp Copying file: boost/config/stdlib/stlport.hpp Copying file: boost/config/stdlib/vacpp.hpp Copying file: boost/config/suffix.hpp Copying file: boost/config/user.hpp Copying file: boost/config/warning_disable.hpp Copying file: boost/detail/endian.hpp Copying file: boost/detail/limits.hpp Copying file: boost/limits.hpp Copying file: boost/non_type.hpp Copying file: boost/timer.hpp Copying file: boost/type.hpp Copying file: boost/version.hpp no errors detected

扩展阅读

  • The bcp utility

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