误删数据文件的处理（环境为linux）

[oracle@orahost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:14:38 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218992 bytes
Variable Size              83887696 bytes
Database Buffers          197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> desc dba_data_files
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 FILE_NAME                                          VARCHAR2(513)
 FILE_ID                                            NUMBER
 TABLESPACE_NAME                                    VARCHAR2(30)
 BYTES                                              NUMBER
 BLOCKS                                             NUMBER
 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(9)
 RELATIVE_FNO                                       NUMBER
 AUTOEXTENSIBLE                                     VARCHAR2(3)
 MAXBYTES                                           NUMBER
 MAXBLOCKS                                          NUMBER
 INCREMENT_BY                                       NUMBER
 USER_BYTES                                         NUMBER
 USER_BLOCKS                                        NUMBER
 ONLINE_STATUS                                      VARCHAR2(7)

SQL> col file_name for a30
SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME                      TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.d USERS
bf

/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01. SYSAUX
dbf

/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01 UNDOTBS1
.dbf

/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01. SYSTEM
dbf

FILE_NAME                      TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------

SQL> col file_name for a60
SQL> l
  1* select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files
SQL> r
  1* select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files

FILE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
USERS

/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
SYSAUX

/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
UNDOTBS1

FILE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
SYSTEM

SQL> !date
Mon Dec  3 15:19:07 CST 2012

SQL> !rm -fr /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> !      
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ps -ef | grep -v grep
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 init [3]                                              
root         2     1  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [migration/0]
root         3     1  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root         4     1  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root         5     1  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [events/0]
root         6     1  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [khelper]
root         7     1  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [kthread]
root        10     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [kblockd/0]
root        11     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [kacpid]
root        48     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [cqueue/0]
root        51     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [khubd]
root        53     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [kseriod]
root       116     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [pdflush]
root       118     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [kswapd0]
root       119     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [aio/0]
root       268     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [kpsmoused]
root       292     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [ata/0]
root       293     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [ata_aux]
root       296     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root       301     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [kstriped]
root       310     7  0 14:54 ?        00:00:00 [ksnapd]
root       321     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [kjournald]
root       347     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [kauditd]
root       384     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root      1172     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [kmpathd/0]
root      1173     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [kmpath_handlerd]
root      1196     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [kjournald]
root      1430     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [iscsi_eh]
root      1475     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [ib_addr]
root      1482     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [ib_mcast]
root      1483     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [ib_inform]
root      1484     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [local_sa]
root      1486     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [iw_cm_wq]
root      1488     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [ib_cm/0]
root      1490     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [rdma_cm]
root      1502     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 brcm_iscsiuio
root      1509     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 iscsid
root      1510     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 iscsid
root      1770     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 auditd
root      1772  1770  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 /sbin/audispd
root      1805     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 syslogd -m 0
root      1808     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 klogd -x
rpc       1855     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 portmap
root      1886     7  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [rpciod/0]
root      1892     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 rpc.statd
root      1926     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 rpc.idmapd
dbus      1951     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 dbus-daemon --system
root      1976     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/hcid
root      1982     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sdpd
root      1999     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 [krfcommd]
root      2046     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 pcscd
root      2061     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/acpid
68        2079     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 hald
root      2080  2079  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 hald-runner
68        2088  2080  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 hald-addon-acpi: listening on acpid socket /var/run/acpid.socket
68        2092  2080  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 hald-addon-keyboard: listening on /dev/input/event0
root      2102  2080  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/hdc
root      2123     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/hidd --server
root      2152     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 automount
root      2174     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 ./hpiod
root      2179     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 python ./hpssd.py
root      2197     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root      2211     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 cupsd
root      2230     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 xinetd -stayalive -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.pid
root      2244     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 gpm -m /dev/input/mice -t exps2
root      2258     1  0 14:55 ?        00:00:00 crond
xfs       2296     1  0 14:56 ?        00:00:00 xfs -droppriv -daemon
root      2310     1  0 14:56 ?        00:00:00 anacron -s
root      2323     1  0 14:56 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/atd
avahi     2404     1  0 14:56 ?        00:00:00 avahi-daemon: running [orahost.local]
avahi     2405  2404  0 14:56 ?        00:00:00 avahi-daemon: chroot helper
root      2436     1  0 14:56 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/smartd -q never
root      2440     1  0 14:56 tty1     00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty1
root      2441     1  0 14:56 tty2     00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty2
root      2442     1  0 14:56 tty3     00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty3
root      2443     1  0 14:56 tty4     00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty4
root      2444     1  0 14:56 tty5     00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty5
root      2445     1  0 14:56 tty6     00:00:00 /sbin/mingetty tty6
root      2446     1  0 14:56 ?        00:00:00 /bin/su -l oracle -c sh -c 'cd /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/log/orahost/cssd;  ulimit -c unlimited; exec /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/ocssd '
root      2582     1  0 14:56 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/python -tt /usr/sbin/yum-updatesd
root      2584     1  0 14:56 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gam_server
oracle    2620  2446  0 14:57 ?        00:00:00 /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/ocssd.bin
root      2675  2197  0 14:59 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0 
root      2677  2675  0 14:59 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
root      2709  2677  0 14:59 pts/0    00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle    2710  2709  0 14:59 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
root      2998     7  0 15:11 ?        00:00:00 [pdflush]
oracle    3024  2710  0 15:14 pts/0    00:00:00 sqlplus   as sysdba
oracle    3027     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle    3029     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle    3031     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle    3033     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle    3035     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle    3037     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle    3039     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle    3041     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle    3043     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle    3045     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle    3047     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle    3049     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle    3051     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle    3053  3024  0 15:14 ?        00:00:01 oracleorcl (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle    3055     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc0_orcl
oracle    3057     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc1_orcl
oracle    3059     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc2_orcl
oracle    3061     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle    3071     1  0 15:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle    3073     1  0 15:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
oracle    3086     1  0 15:19 ?        00:00:00 ora_j000_orcl
oracle    3088  3024  0 15:19 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
oracle    3118  3088  0 15:19 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ps -ef | grep dbw | grep -v grep
oracle    3033     1  0 15:14 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll /porc/3033/fd
ls: /porc/3033/fd: No such file or directory
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll/proc/3033/fd/
bash: ll/proc/3033/fd/: No such file or directory
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll /proc/3033/fd/
total 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 0 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 1 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 10 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/adump/ora_3025.aud
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 11 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 12 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 13 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 14 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 15 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORCL
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 16 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 17 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 18 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 19 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 2 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 20 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 21 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 22 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf (deleted)
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 23 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 24 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 3 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 4 -> /dev/null
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 5 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_3025.trc
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 6 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 7 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkinstorcl (deleted)
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 8 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:21 9 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
[oracle@orahost ~]$ pwd
/oracle
[oracle@orahost ~]$ cp /proc/3033/fd/22 /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
[oracle@orahost ~]$ cd /oracle/oradata/orcl/
[oracle@orahost orcl]$ ls -ltr
total 943384
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba  20979712 Nov 19 11:28 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba  52429312 Dec  3 15:14 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba  52429312 Dec  3 15:14 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba   5251072 Dec  3 15:25 users01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba  26222592 Dec  3 15:25 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 503324672 Dec  3 15:25 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 251666432 Dec  3 15:25 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba  52429312 Dec  3 15:25 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba   7061504 Dec  3 15:25 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba   7061504 Dec  3 15:25 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba   7061504 Dec  3 15:25 control01.ctl
[oracle@orahost orcl]$ exit
exit

SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218992 bytes
Variable Size              83887696 bytes
Database Buffers          197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01113: file 4 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'

SQL> alter database datafile 4 offine;
alter database datafile 4 offine
                          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01916: keyword ONLINE, OFFLINE, RESIZE, AUTOEXTEND or END/DROP expected

SQL> alter database datafile 4 offine drop;
alter database datafile 4 offine drop
                          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01916: keyword ONLINE, OFFLINE, RESIZE, AUTOEXTEND or END/DROP expected

SQL> recover datafile 4;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> desc dba_data_files
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 FILE_NAME                                          VARCHAR2(513)
 FILE_ID                                            NUMBER
 TABLESPACE_NAME                                    VARCHAR2(30)
 BYTES                                              NUMBER
 BLOCKS                                             NUMBER
 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(9)
 RELATIVE_FNO                                       NUMBER
 AUTOEXTENSIBLE                                     VARCHAR2(3)
 MAXBYTES                                           NUMBER
 MAXBLOCKS                                          NUMBER
 INCREMENT_BY                                       NUMBER
 USER_BYTES                                         NUMBER
 USER_BLOCKS                                        NUMBER
 ONLINE_STATUS                                      VARCHAR2(7)

SQL> col file_name for a46
SQL> select file_name,online_status from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME                                      ONLINE_
---------------------------------------------- -------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf               ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf              ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf             ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf              SYSTEM

当数据库没有关闭，可以通过此方法将数据文件cp回来。但是要是将数据库关闭的话。
首先用rman全库备下。
SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:35:42 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1327540369)

RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 03-DEC-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=197 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
piece handle=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T153550_8crolq09_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T153550 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:56
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
piece handle=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20121203T153550_8cronjny_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T153550 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 03-DEC-12

RMAN> quit

Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@orahost ~]$ exit
exit

SQL> !rm -fr /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218992 bytes
Variable Size              83887696 bytes
Database Buffers          197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'

SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ps -ef | grep dbw | grep -v grep
oracle    3357     1  0 15:47 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
*****************************************************************************************************************************************************
[oracle@orahost ~]$ ll /proc/3357/fd/
total 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 0 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 1 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 10 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/adump/ora_3349.aud
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 11 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 12 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 13 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 14 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 15 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORCL
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 16 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 17 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 18 -> /oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 2 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_dbw0_3357.trc
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 3 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 4 -> /dev/null
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 5 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_3349.trc
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 6 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 7 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkinstorcl (deleted)
l-wx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 8 -> /oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle dba 64 Dec  3 15:48 9 -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat
*******8可以看到里面没有删除的/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 这个文件

***************************************************************************************************************************************************
[oracle@orahost ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:49:00 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1327540369, not open)

RMAN> exit              

Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@orahost ~]$ exit
exit

SQL> alter database datafile 4 offine;
alter database datafile 4 offine
                          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01916: keyword ONLINE, OFFLINE, RESIZE, AUTOEXTEND or END/DROP expected

SQL> recover datafile 4;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'

SQL> !
[oracle@orahost ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 15:50:12 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1327540369, not open)

RMAN> restore datafile 4;

Starting restore at 03-DEC-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=210 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00004 to /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T153550_8crolq09_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T153550_8crolq09_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T153550
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 03-DEC-12

RMAN> recover datafile 4;

Starting recover at 03-DEC-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 03-DEC-12

RMAN> sql 'alter database open;' ;

sql statement: alter database open;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of sql command on default channel at 12/03/2012 15:50:49
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database open;
ORA-00911: invalid character

RMAN> sql 'alter database open ';

sql statement: alter database open

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@orahost ~]$ exit
exit

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

SQL> col file_name for a50
SQL> select file_name,online_status from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME                                          ONLINE_
-------------------------------------------------- -------
/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf                   ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf                  ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf                 ONLINE
/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf                  SYSTEM

 

以上，是对数据文件误删除后的处理，当然前提是数据库没有关闭，通过可以分析出/proc目录的意义，通过google，找到了关于这方面的一点资料如下：

/proc 文件系统可以用于获取运行中的进程的信息。在 /proc 中有一些编号的子目录。每个编号的目录对应一个进程 id (PID)。这样，每一个运行中的进程 /proc 中都有一个用它的 PID 命名的目录。这些子目录中包含可以提供有关进程的状态和环境的重要细节信息的文件。

        可见，此次操作，主要是依赖与linux的操作系统的特性，不是oracle的特性，仅仅是相当于将该数据文件备份后，删除掉，然啊后再用备份的数据文件代替原文件，所以AIX等系统，要是没有这个特性，是不适用的。需要进一步的验证。

感谢网络上的提供试验和知识的资料！