Direct3D的初始化

Direct3D的初始化分四步骤：

1. 获取接口IDrect3D9的指针；此指针在2，4步中将会用到，在2步中用来获取系统中物理硬件设备信息，4步中用来创建IDirect3DDevice9对象

代码：

IDirect3D9* d3d9 = 0;d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);

2. 检查设备性能；判断主显卡是否支持顶点运算，在创建一个IDirect3DDevice9类型对象是，必须指定使用该对象进行顶点运算的类型，由于并非所有的显卡都支持硬件顶点运算，所以需要检查；

代码：

D3DCAPS9 caps;d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps);int vp = 0;if( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT ){vp =D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;}else{vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; }

D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING硬件顶点运算

D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING软件顶点运算

3. 初始化D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS结构的一个实例，该结构用于指定IDirect3DDevice9类型对象的一些特征

代码：

D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;d3dpp.BackBufferWidth            = width;d3dpp.BackBufferHeight           = height;d3dpp.BackBufferFormat           = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;d3dpp.BackBufferCount            = 1;d3dpp.MultiSampleType            = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality         = 0;d3dpp.SwapEffect                 = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; d3dpp.hDeviceWindow              = hwnd;d3dpp.Windowed                   = windowed;d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil     = true; d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat     = D3DFMT_D24S8;d3dpp.Flags                      = 0;d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;d3dpp.PresentationInterval       = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;

4. 创建IDirect3DDevice9对象

代码：

hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,deviceType,hwnd,vp,&d3dpp,device);

一个实例：（vs2010)

d3dUtility.h

#pragma once#pragma comment (lib,"d3d9.lib")  #pragma comment (lib,"d3dx9.lib")  #pragma comment (lib,"winmm.lib") #include <d3dx9.h>#include <string>namespace d3d{  bool InitD3D(  HINSTANCE hInstance,  int width, int height,  bool windowed,  D3DDEVTYPE deviceType,  IDirect3DDevice9** device);    int EnterMsgLoop(  bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta));  LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(  HWND hwnd,  UINT msg,  WPARAM wParam,  LPARAM lParam);  template<class T> void Release(T t)  {  if(t)  {  t->Release();  t = 0;  }  }  template<class T> void Delete(T t)  {  if(t)  {   delete t;   t = 0;  }  }}

d3dUtility.cpp

#include "d3dUtility.h"bool d3d::InitD3D(HINSTANCE hInstance, int width, int height, bool windowed, D3DDEVTYPE deviceType, IDirect3DDevice9** device){WNDCLASS wc;wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;wc.lpfnWndProc   = (WNDPROC)d3d::WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;wc.hInstance     = hInstance;wc.hIcon         = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);wc.lpszMenuName  = 0;wc.lpszClassName = "Direct3D9App";if( !RegisterClass(&wc) ) {::MessageBox(0, "RegisterClass() - FAILED", 0, 0);return false;}HWND hwnd = 0;hwnd = ::CreateWindow("Direct3D9App", "Direct3D9App", WS_EX_TOPMOST,0, 0, width, height,0 /*parent hwnd*/, 0 /* menu */, hInstance, 0 /*extra*/); if( !hwnd ){::MessageBox(0, "CreateWindow() - FAILED", 0, 0);return false;}::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW);::UpdateWindow(hwnd);HRESULT hr = 0;//第1步：获取接口IDirect3D9指针IDirect3D9* d3d9 = 0;d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);if( !d3d9 ){::MessageBox(0, "Direct3DCreate9() - FAILED", 0, 0);return false;}//第2步：检查设备性能D3DCAPS9 caps;d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps);int vp = 0;if( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT ){vp =D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;}else{vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; }//第3步：初始化D3DPRESET_PARAMETER结构一个实例D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;d3dpp.BackBufferWidth            = width;d3dpp.BackBufferHeight           = height;d3dpp.BackBufferFormat           = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;d3dpp.BackBufferCount            = 1;d3dpp.MultiSampleType            = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality         = 0;d3dpp.SwapEffect                 = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; d3dpp.hDeviceWindow              = hwnd;d3dpp.Windowed                   = windowed;d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil     = true; d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat     = D3DFMT_D24S8;d3dpp.Flags                      = 0;d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;d3dpp.PresentationInterval       = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;//第4步：创建IDirect3DDevice9对象hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,deviceType,hwnd,vp,&d3dpp,device);if(FAILED(hr)){d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,deviceType,hwnd,vp,&d3dpp,device);if( FAILED(hr) ){d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object::MessageBox(0, "CreateDevice() - FAILED", 0, 0);return false;}d3d9->Release();}return true;}int d3d::EnterMsgLoop( bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta) ){MSG msg;::ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));static float lastTime = (float)timeGetTime(); while(msg.message != WM_QUIT){if(::PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)){::TranslateMessage(&msg);::DispatchMessage(&msg);}else{float currTime  = (float)timeGetTime();float timeDelta = (currTime - lastTime)*0.001f;ptr_display(timeDelta);lastTime = currTime;}}return msg.wParam;}

d3dInit.cpp

#include "d3dUtility.h"#include<windows.h>IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0;bool Setup(){// Nothing to setup in this sample.return true;}void Cleanup(){// Nothing to cleanup in this sample.}bool Display(float timeDelta){if( Device ){Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0x00000000, 1.0f, 0);Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);}return true;}LRESULT CALLBACK d3d::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){switch( msg ){case WM_DESTROY:::PostQuitMessage(0);break;case WM_KEYDOWN:if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )::DestroyWindow(hwnd);break;}return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);}int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,HINSTANCE prevInstance,PSTR cmdLine, int showCmd){if(!d3d::InitD3D(hinstance, 640, 480, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device)){::MessageBox(0,"InitD3D() - FAILED", 0, 0 );return 0;}if(!Setup()){::MessageBox(0, "Setup() - FAILED", 0, 0);return 0;}d3d::EnterMsgLoop( Display );Cleanup();Device->Release();return 0;}

此实例在Dispaly函数中调用了IDrect3DDevice9::Clear函数，将后台缓存和深度或模版缓存分别设置为黑色和1.0，然后调用IDrect3DDevice9::Present函数提交后台缓存。

运行结果：