1.窗体与界面设计

在项目开发中的窗体的设计会影响用户对软件的整体印象，因此窗体的效果要设计得美观一些。

029 制作鼠标穿透窗体

在对桌面进行操作时，为了使桌面更加美观，可以在桌面的上面加一层类似于玻璃的效果，用户可以用鼠标透过“玻璃”对桌面进行操作。本实例通过使用鼠标穿透窗体类实现以上功能。主要用到了 API 函数 SetWindowLong 和 GetWindowLong。

1.创建一个项目，默认窗体为 Form1，将该窗体的 FormBordeStyle 属性设置为 None，BackColor 属性设置为 Gainsboro，Opacity 属性设置为 60%，WindowState 属性设置为 Maximized。

2.在 Form1 窗体中添加一个 NotifyIcon 控件，并设置其 Icon 属性为指定的图标，显示提示信息；添加一个 ContextMenuStrip 控件，作为程序的快捷菜单。

namespace _029_MouseThroughForm{    public partial class Form1 : Form    {        public Form1()        {            InitializeComponent();        }        private const uint WS_EX_LAYERED = 0x80000;        private const int WS_EX_TRANSPARENT = 0x20;        private const int GWL_EXSTYLE = (-20);        private string Var_genre = "";//记录当前操作的类型        #region 在窗口结构中为指定的窗口设置信息        /// <summary>        /// 在窗口结构中为指定的窗口设置信息        /// </summary>        /// <param name="hwnd">欲为其取得信息的窗口的句柄</param>        /// <param name="nIndex">欲取回的信息</param>        /// <param name="dwNewLong">由nIndex指定的窗口信息的新值</param>        /// <returns></returns>        [DllImport("user32", EntryPoint = "SetWindowLong")]        private static extern uint SetWindowLong(IntPtr hwnd, int nIndex, uint dwNewLong);        #endregion        #region 从指定窗口的结构中取得信息        /// <summary>        /// 从指定窗口的结构中取得信息        /// </summary>        /// <param name="hwnd">欲为其获取信息的窗口的句柄</param>        /// <param name="nIndex">欲取回的信息</param>        /// <returns></returns>        [DllImport("user32", EntryPoint = "GetWindowLong")]        private static extern uint GetWindowLong(IntPtr hwnd, int nIndex);        #endregion        #region 使窗口有鼠标穿透功能        /// <summary>        /// 使窗口有鼠标穿透功能        /// </summary>        private void CanPenetrate()        {            uint intExTemp = GetWindowLong(this.Handle, GWL_EXSTYLE);   //从当前窗口的结构中取得信息            //在窗口结构中为当前窗口设置信息            uint oldGWLEx = SetWindowLong(this.Handle, GWL_EXSTYLE, WS_EX_TRANSPARENT | WS_EX_LAYERED);        }        #endregion        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            this.ShowInTaskbar = false;//窗体不出现在Windows任务栏中            CanPenetrate();//自定义方法，用来通过API函数SetWindowLong和GetWindowLong实现鼠标的穿透效果            this.TopMost = true;//使窗体始终在其它窗体之上        }        #region 设置颜色和透明度的状态        /// <summary>        /// 设置颜色和透明度的状态        /// </summary>        private void SetEstate(Form Frm, object sender)        {            Var_genre = ((ToolStripMenuItem)sender).Name;            string Tem_Str = Var_genre;            if (Var_genre.IndexOf('_') >= 0)            {                Var_genre = Tem_Str.Substring(0, Tem_Str.IndexOf('_'));            }            switch (Var_genre)            {                case "ToolColor":                    {                        Color Tem_Color = Color.Gainsboro;                        switch (Convert.ToInt32(((ToolStripMenuItem)sender).Tag.ToString()))                        {                            case 1: Tem_Color = Color.Gainsboro; break;                            case 2: Tem_Color = Color.DarkOrchid; break;                            case 3: Tem_Color = Color.RoyalBlue; break;                            case 4: Tem_Color = Color.Gold; break;                            case 5: Tem_Color = Color.LightGreen; break;                        }                        Frm.BackColor = Tem_Color;                        break;                    }                case "ToolClarity":                    {                        double Tem_Double = 0.0;                        switch (Convert.ToInt32(((ToolStripMenuItem)sender).Tag.ToString()))                        {                            case 1: Tem_Double = 0.1; break;                            case 2: Tem_Double = 0.2; break;                            case 3: Tem_Double = 0.3; break;                            case 4: Tem_Double = 0.4; break;                            case 5: Tem_Double = 0.5; break;                            case 6: Tem_Double = 0.6; break;                            case 7: Tem_Double = 0.7; break;                            case 8: Tem_Double = 0.8; break;                            case 9: Tem_Double = 0.9; break;                        }                        Frm.Opacity = Tem_Double;                        break;                    }                case "ToolAcquiescence":                    {                        Frm.BackColor = Color.Gainsboro;                        Frm.Opacity = 0.6;                        break;                    }                case "ToolClose":                    {                        Close();                        break;                    }            }        }        #endregion        private void ToolColor_Glass_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            SetEstate(this, sender);        }    }}

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030 窗体换肤程序

本实例的基本原理是给窗体的各个组成部分更换图片，基于该原理，首先需要分析窗体的组成部分，主要包括标题栏、左边框、右边框、下边框、窗体中间区域及可能存在的菜单栏，其中标题栏和3个边框无法通过设置相关属性来达到更换背景图片的目的。对于这个问题，可以通过取消窗体的 FormBorderStyle 属性，同时在标题栏和3个边框的位置添加 Panel 控件来解决，然后通过选择不同的皮肤类型，为窗体的各个组成部分设置图片，最终达到窗体换肤的效果。在以上过程中，最主要的技术问题是如何从指定的文件创建 Image 对象，以及如何获取图片的路径。

1.创建一个项目，默认窗体为 Form1，设置 Form1 的 AutoscaleMode 属性为 Inherit，DoubleBuffered 属性为 True，IsMdiContainer 属性为 True。

2.在窗体中添加6个 Panel 控件，分别用来作为窗体的标题栏、下边框、左边框、右边框、左下角边框和右下角边框；添加一个 ContextMenuStrip 控件，用来作为更换皮肤的快捷菜单；添加3个 PictureBox 控件，分别用来显示最大化、最小化和关闭图片。

namespace _030_WinCusSkin{    public partial class Form1 : Form    {        String strImagesPath = Application.StartupPath.Substring(0, Application.StartupPath.Substring(0, Application.StartupPath.LastIndexOf("\\")).LastIndexOf("\\"));        int top, left, hei, wid;        bool bol = false, bo = false, bolTop = false, bolLeft = false, bolRight = false, bolBottom = false, bolLeftCornu = false, bolRightCornu = false;        int x = 0, y = 0;        public Form1()        {            InitializeComponent();        }        //关闭事件。        private void picClose_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)        {            Application.Exit();        }        //最大化事件。          private void picMaximize_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)        {            if (!bol)   //若窗体处于普通状态            {                top = this.Top;     //获取窗体的Top属性值                left = this.Left;   //获取窗体的Left属性值                hei = this.Height;  //获取窗体的Height属性值                wid = this.Width;   //获取窗体的Width属性值                this.Top = 0;       //设置窗体的Top属性值为零                this.Left = 0;      //设置窗体的Left属性值为零                int hg = SystemInformation.MaxWindowTrackSize.Height;   //获取窗口的默认最大高度                int wh = SystemInformation.MaxWindowTrackSize.Width;    //获取窗口的默认最大宽度                this.Height = hg;   //设置窗体的Height属性值                this.Width = wh;    //设置窗体的Width属性值                bol = true;         //设置窗体标记表示最大化                if (menItemSkin1.Checked)   //若选择“紫色小花”菜单项，设置最大化图片的Image属性                    this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\max.png");                if (menItemSkin2.Checked)   //若选择“蓝色经典”菜单项，设置最大化图片的Image属性                    this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\max.png");                if (menItemSkin3.Checked)   //若选择“绿色菜园”菜单项，设置最大化图片的Image属性                    this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\max.png");            }            else                    //若窗体处于最大化状态            {                this.Top = top;     //设置窗体的Top属性值                this.Left = left;   //设置窗体的Left属性值                this.Height = hei;  //设置窗体的Height属性值                this.Width = wid;   //设置窗体的Width属性值                bol = false;        //设置窗体标记表示普通状态                if (menItemSkin1.Checked)                    this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\max_Normal.png");                if (menItemSkin2.Checked)                    this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\max_Normal.png");                if (menItemSkin3.Checked)                    this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\max_Normal.png");            }        }        //最小化事件。        private void picMinimize_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)        {            top = this.Top;            left = this.Left;            hei = this.Height;            wid = this.Width;            this.Height = 0;            this.Width = 0;            bo = true;        }        //窗口再次被激活时。        private void Form_Activated(object sender, System.EventArgs e)        {            if (bo)            {                this.Top = top;                this.Left = left;                this.Height = hei;                this.Width = wid;                bo = false;            }        }        //选择关闭。        private void mItemColse_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)        {            Application.Exit();        }        //上边框鼠标按下。        private void panel_Top_MouseDown(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            x = e.X;            y = e.Y;            this.bolTop = true;        }        //上边框鼠标移动。         private void panel_Top_MouseMove(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            if (bolTop)            {                this.Top += e.Y - y;                this.Left += e.X - x;            }        }        //上边框鼠标释放。        private void panel_Top_MouseUp(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            this.bolTop = false;        }        //左边框鼠标按下。        private void panel_Left_MouseDown(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            x = e.X;            this.bolLeft = true;        }        //左边框鼠标移动。        private void panel_Left_MouseMove(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            if (bolLeft)            {                this.Width += x - e.X;                this.Left += e.X - x;            }        }        //左边框鼠标离开。        private void panel_Left_MouseUp(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            this.bolLeft = false;        }        //右边框鼠标按下。        private void panel_Right_MouseDown(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            x = e.X;            this.bolRight = true;        }        //右边框鼠标移动。        private void panel_Right_MouseMove(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {           if (bolRight)            {                this.Width += e.X - x;            }        }        //右边框鼠标离开。        private void panel_Right_MouseUp(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            this.bolRight = false;        }        //下边框鼠标按下。        private void panel_Bottom_MouseDown(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            y = e.Y;            this.bolBottom = true;        }        //下边框鼠标移动。        private void panel_Bottom_MouseMove(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            if (bolBottom)            {                this.Height += e.Y - y;            }        }        //下边框鼠标离开。        private void panel_Bottom_MouseUp(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            this.bolBottom = false;        }        //左下角鼠标按下。        private void panelLeftCornu_MouseDown(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            x = e.X;            y = e.Y;            this.bolLeftCornu = true;        }        //左下角鼠标移动。        private void panelLeftCornu_MouseMove(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            if (bolLeftCornu)            {                this.Width += x - e.X;                this.Left += e.X - x;                this.Height += e.Y - y;            }        }        //左下角鼠标离开。        private void panelLeftCornu_MouseUp(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            x = e.X;            y = e.Y;            this.bolLeftCornu = false;        }        //右下角鼠标按下。        private void panelRightCornu_MouseDown(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            this.bolRightCornu = true;        }        //右下角鼠标移动。        private void panelRightCornu_MouseMove(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            if (bolRightCornu)            {                this.Width += e.X - x;                this.Height += e.Y - y;            }        }        //右下角鼠标离开。        private void panelRightCornu_MouseUp(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e)        {            this.bolRightCornu = false;        }        private void Form_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            menItemSkin2_Click(sender, e);//默认蓝色经典        }        private void menItemSkin1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            //设置Panel控件的BackgroundImage属性            this.panel_Top.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\top.png");            this.panel_Left.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\left.png");            this.panel_Right.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\right.png");            this.panel_Bottom.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\bottom.png");            //设置最小化图片控件的Image属性            this.picMinimize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\min.png");            if (bol == true)    //若当前窗体处于最大化状态            {                //设置最大化图片控件的Image属性                this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\max.png");            }            else            {                //设置最大化图片控件的Image属性                this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\max_normal.png");            }            //设置关闭图片控件的Image属性            this.picClose.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\close.png");            //设置菜单的选中标记            this.menItemSkin1.Checked = true;             this.menItemSkin2.Checked = false;            this.menItemSkin3.Checked = false;            //设置窗体主菜单的背景图像属性            this.menuStrip1.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\menu.gif");            //设置窗体的背景图像属性            this.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\purple\background.gif");        }        private void menItemSkin2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            this.panel_Top.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\top.png");            this.panel_Left.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\left.png");            this.panel_Right.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\right.png");            this.panel_Bottom.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\bottom.png");            this.picMinimize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\min.png");            if (bol == true)            {                this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\max.png");            }            else            {                this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\max_normal.png");            }            this.picClose.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\close.png");            this.menItemSkin1.Checked = false;            this.menItemSkin2.Checked = true;            this.menItemSkin3.Checked = false;            this.menuStrip1.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\menu.gif");            this.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\blue\background.gif");        }        private void menItemSkin3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            this.panel_Top.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\top.png");            this.panel_Left.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\left.png");            this.panel_Right.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\right.png");            this.panel_Bottom.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\bottom.png");            this.picMinimize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\min.png");            if (bol == true)            {                this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\max.png");            }            else            {                this.picMaximize.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\max_normal.png");            }            this.picClose.Image = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\close.png");            this.menItemSkin1.Checked = false;            this.menItemSkin2.Checked = false;            this.menItemSkin3.Checked = true;            this.menuStrip1.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\menu.gif");            this.BackgroundImage = Image.FromFile(strImagesPath + @"\images\green\background.gif");        }        private void 退出ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            Application.Exit();        }        private void panel_Top_DoubleClick(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            picMaximize_Click(sender, e);        }    }}