C#获取系统文件、文件夹和磁盘驱动器图标

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最近开发一款软件需要用到获取系统文件的图标,在网上找了一下发现有以下方式获取:

1、调用API的方式获取

    public class SystemIcon    {        /// <summary>                 /// 引用shell32文件的SHGetFileInfo API方法                  /// </summary>                 /// <param name="pszPath">指定的文件名,如果为""则返回文件夹的</param>                 /// <param name="dwFileAttributes">文件属性</param>                 /// <param name="sfi">返回获得的文件信息,是一个记录类型</param>                 /// <param name="cbFileInfo">文件的类型名</param>                /// <param name="uFlags">文件信息标识</param>                 /// <returns>-1失败</returns>                 [DllImport("shell32", EntryPoint = "SHGetFileInfo", ExactSpelling = false, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]        private static extern IntPtr SHGetFileInfo(string pszPath, FileAttribute dwFileAttributes, ref SHFileInfo sfi, uint cbFileInfo, SHFileInfoFlags uFlags);        /// <summary>           /// 返回系统设置的图标            /// </summary>           /// <param name="lpszFile">文件名,指定从exe文件或dll文件引入icon</param>           /// <param name="nIconIndex">文件的图表中的第几个,指定icon的索引如果为0则从指定的文件中引入第1个icon</param>           /// <param name="phiconLarge">返回的大图标的指针,大图标句柄如果为null则为没有大图标</param>           /// <param name="phiconSmall">返回的小图标的指针,小图标句柄如果为null则为没有小图标</param>           /// <param name="nIcons">ico个数,找几个图标</param>           /// <returns></returns        [DllImport("shell32.dll")]        public static extern uint ExtractIconEx(string lpszFile, int nIconIndex, int[] phiconLarge, int[] phiconSmall, uint nIcons);        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "DestroyIcon")]        public static extern int DestroyIcon(IntPtr hIcon);        /// <summary>                 /// 文件信息标识枚举类,所有枚举定义值前省略SHGFI投标,比如Icon 完整名称应为SHGFI_ICON                 /// </summary>                 [Flags]        private enum SHFileInfoFlags : uint        {            /// <summary>                         /// 允许有叠加图案的文件图标,该标识必须和Icon同时使用                          /// </summary>                         AddOveylays = 0x20,         // SHGFI_AddOverlays = 0x000000020            /// <summary>                         /// 只获取由参数FileAttribute指定的文件信息,并将其写入SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性,如果不指定该标识,将同时获取所有文件信息。该标志不能和Icon标识同时使用                           /// </summary>                         Attr_Specified = 0x20000,   //  SHGFI_SpecifiedAttributes = 0x000020000            /// <summary>                         /// 将获取的文件属性复制到SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性中                           /// </summary>                         Attributes = 0x800,     // SHGFI_Attributes = 0x000000800            /// <summary>                         /// 获取文件的显示名称(长文件名称),将其复制到SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性中                           /// </summary>                         DisplayName = 0x200,    // SHGFI_DisplayName = 0x000000200            /// <summary>                        /// 如果文件是可执行文件,将检索其信息,并将信息作为返回值返回                           /// </summary>                         ExeType = 0x2000,       // SHGFI_EXEType = 0x000002000            /// <summary>                         /// 获得图标和索引,将图标句柄返回到SHFileInfo结构的hIcon属性中,索引返回到iIcon属性中                          /// </summary>                         Icon = 0x100,           // SHGFI_Icon = 0x000000100            /// <summary>                         /// 检索包含图标的文件,并将文件名,图标句柄,图标索引号,放回到SHFileInfo结构中                         /// </summary>                         IconLocation = 0x1000,  // SHGFI_IconLocation = 0x000001000            /// <summary>                         /// 获得大图标,该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用                          /// </summary>                         LargeIcon = 0x0,        // SHGFI_LargeIcon = 0x000000000            /// <summary>                         /// 获取链接覆盖文件图标,该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。                          /// </summary>                         LinkOverlay = 0x8000,   // SHGFI_LinkOverlay = 0x000008000            /// <summary>                         /// 获取文件打开时的图标,该标识必须和Icon或SysIconIndex同时使用                          /// </summary>                         OpenIcon = 0x2,         //  SHGFI_OpenIcon = 0x000000002            /// <summary>                         /// 获取链接覆盖文件图标索引,该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。                          /// </summary>                         OverlayIndex = 0x40,    // SHGFI_OverlayIndex = 0x000000040            /// <summary>                         /// 指示传入的路径是一个ITEMIDLIST结构的文件地址而不是一个路径名。                          /// </summary>                         Pidl = 0x8,             // SHGFI_PIDL = 0x000000008            /// <summary>                         /// 获取系统的高亮显示图标,该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。                          /// </summary>                         Selected = 0x10000,     // SHGFI_SelectedState = 0x000010000            /// <summary>                         /// 获取 Shell-sized icon ,该标志必须和Icon标识同时使用。                          /// </summary>                         ShellIconSize = 0x4,    // SHGFI_ShellIconSize = 0x000000004            /// <summary>                         /// 获得小图标,该标识必须和Icon或SysIconIndex同时使用。                          /// </summary>                         SmallIcon = 0x1,       // SHGFI_SmallIcon = 0x000000001            /// <summary>                         /// 获取系统图像列表图标索引,返回系统图像列表句柄                          /// </summary>                         SysIconIndex = 0x4000,  // SHGFI_SysIconIndex = 0x000004000            /// <summary>                         /// 获得文件类型,类型字符串被写入SHFileInfo结构的szTypeName属性中                          /// </summary>                         TypeName = 0x400,       // SHGFI_TypeName = 0x000000400            /// <summary>                         /// 指示如果由pszPath指定的路径不存在,SHGetFileInfo方法变不会试图去操作文件。指示返回与文件类型相关的信息。该标识不能和Attributes、ExeType和Pidl同时使用                          /// </summary>                         UseFileAttributes = 0x10    // SHGFI_UserFileAttributes = 0x000000010,        }        /// <summary>                 /// 文件属性枚举                  /// </summary>                 [Flags]        private enum FileAttribute        {            ReadOnly = 0x00000001,            Hidden = 0x00000002,            System = 0x00000004,            Directory = 0x00000010,     //路径信息                         Archive = 0x00000020,            Device = 0x00000040,            Normal = 0x00000080,        //普通文件信息                         Temporary = 0x00000100,            Sparse_File = 0x00000200,            Reparse_Point = 0x00000400,            Compressed = 0x00000800,            Offline = 0x00001000,            Not_Content_Indexed = 0x00002000,            Encrypted = 0x00004000        }        /// <summary>                /// 定义返回的文件信息结构                  /// </summary>                 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]        private struct SHFileInfo        {            /// <summary>                         /// 文件的图标句柄                          /// </summary>                         public IntPtr hIcon;            /// <summary>                         /// 图标的系统索引号                          /// </summary>                         public IntPtr iIcon;            /// <summary>                         /// 文件的属性值,由FileAttribute指定的属性。                          /// </summary>                         public uint dwAttributes;            /// <summary>                        /// 文件的显示名,如果是64位系统,您可能需要制定SizeConst=258而非260才能够显示完整的 TypeName                         /// </summary>                         [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 260)]            public string szDisplayName;            /// <summary>                         /// 文件的类型名                          /// </summary>                         [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 80)]            public string szTypeName;        }        /// <summary>                 /// 当读取文件图标失败的默认图标索引号                  /// </summary>                 public static readonly long ErrorFileIndex = -2;        /// <summary>                 /// 当读取文件夹图标失败的默认图标索引号                  /// </summary>                 public static readonly long ErrorFolderIndex = -4;        /// <summary>                 /// 当读取磁盘驱动器图标失败的默认图标索引号                  /// </summary>                 public static readonly long ErrorDriverIndex = -8;        /// <summary>                 /// 当读取可执行文件图标失败的默认图标索引号                  /// </summary>                 public static readonly long ErrorApplicationIndex = -16;        /// <summary>        /// 获取文件类型的关联图标         /// </summary>        /// <param name="fileName">文件类型的扩展名或文件的绝对路径</param>        /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>        /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>        public static Icon GetFileIcon(string fileName, bool isSmallIcon)        {            long imageIndex;            return GetFileIcon(fileName, isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);        }        /// <summary>        /// 获取系统文件图标         /// </summary>        /// <param name="fileName">文件类型的扩展名或文件的绝对路径,如果是一个exe可执行文件,请提供完整的文件名(包含路径信息)</param>        /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>        /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>        /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>        public static Icon GetFileIcon(string fileName, bool isSmallIcon,out long imageIndex)        {            imageIndex = ErrorFileIndex;            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName))                return null;            SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();            SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize;            if (isSmallIcon)                uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;            else                uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;            FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(fileName);            if (fi.Name.ToUpper().EndsWith(".EXE"))                uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.ExeType;            else                uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;            int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(fileName, FileAttribute.Normal, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);            //或int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(fileName, 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);            Icon icon = null;            if (iTotal > 0)            {                icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;                imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();            }            DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源            return icon;        }        /// <summary>          /// 获取系统文件夹默认图标         /// </summary>          /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>        /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>        public static Icon GetFolderIcon(bool isSmallIcon)        {            long imageIndex;            return GetFolderIcon(isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);        }        /// <summary>          /// 获取系统文件夹默认图标         /// </summary>          /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>        /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>        /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>        public static Icon GetFolderIcon(bool isSmallIcon,out long imageIndex)        {            return GetFolderIcon(Environment.SystemDirectory, isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);        }        /// <summary>          /// 获取系统文件夹默认图标         /// </summary>          /// <param name="folderName">文件夹名称,如果想获取自定义文件夹图标,请指定完整的文件夹名称(如 F:\test)</param>        /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>        /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>        /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>        public static Icon GetFolderIcon(string folderName,bool isSmallIcon, out long imageIndex)        {            imageIndex = ErrorFolderIndex;            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(folderName))                return null;            SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();            SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize | SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;            if (isSmallIcon)                uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;            else                uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;            int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(folderName, FileAttribute.Directory, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);            //或int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo("", 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon);            Icon icon = null;            if (iTotal > 0)            {                icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;                imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();            }            DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源            return icon;        }        /// <summary>                 /// 获取磁盘驱动器图标         /// </summary>                 /// <param name="driverMark">有效的磁盘标号,如C、D、I等等,不区分大小写</param>                 /// <param name="isSmallIcon">标识是获取小图标还是获取大图标</param>                 /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>                 /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的磁盘驱动器图标对象</returns>                 public static Icon GetDriverIcon(char driverMark, bool isSmallIcon)        {            long imageIndex;            return GetDriverIcon(driverMark,isSmallIcon,out imageIndex);        }        /// <summary>                 /// 获取磁盘驱动器图标         /// </summary>                 /// <param name="driverMark">有效的磁盘标号,如C、D、I等等,不区分大小写</param>                 /// <param name="isSmallIcon">标识是获取小图标还是获取大图标</param>                 /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>                 /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的磁盘驱动器图标对象</returns>                 public static Icon GetDriverIcon(char driverMark, bool isSmallIcon, out long imageIndex)        {            imageIndex = ErrorDriverIndex;            //非有效盘符,返回封装的磁盘图标                         if (driverMark < 'a' && driverMark > 'z' && driverMark < 'A' && driverMark > 'Z')            {                return null;            }            string driverName = driverMark.ToString().ToUpper() + ":\\";            SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();            SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize | SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;            if (isSmallIcon)                uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;            else                uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;            int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(driverName, FileAttribute.Normal, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);            //int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(driverName, 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);            Icon icon = null;            if (iTotal > 0)            {                icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;                imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();            }            DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源            return icon;        }    }

2、调用System.Drawing.Icon类的ExtractAssociatedIcon(string filePath)方法:返回指定文件中包含的图像的图标表示形式

      这种方式其实也是封装了对系统的API调用,跟第一种方式差不多,不过这种方式只能获取到文件的图标,不能够获取到文件夹的图标,这个有点遗憾!

     

/// <summary>/// 获取文件图标/// </summary>/// <param name="filePath">文件路径以及名称(文件全路径)</param>/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>public static Icon GetFileExtractAssociatedIcon(string filePath){     Icon icon = Icon.ExtractAssociatedIcon(filePath);     return icon;}

3、使用注册表调用API方式

        /// <summary>        /// 给出文件扩展名(.*),返回相应图标;若不以"."开头则返回文件夹的图标。         /// </summary>        /// <param name="fileType">文件扩展名</param>        /// <param name="isLarge">是否返回大图标</param>        /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的图标对象</returns>        public static Icon GetIconByFileType(string fileType, bool isLarge)        {            if (fileType == null || fileType.Equals(string.Empty))                return null;            RegistryKey regVersion = null;            string regFileType = null;            string regIconString = null;            string systemDirectory = Environment.SystemDirectory + "\\";            if (fileType[0] == '.')            {                //读系统注册表中文件类型信息                regVersion = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(fileType, true);                if (regVersion != null)                {                    regFileType = regVersion.GetValue("") as string;                    regVersion.Close();                    regVersion = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(regFileType + @"\DefaultIcon", true);                    if (regVersion != null)                    {                        regIconString = regVersion.GetValue("") as string;                        regVersion.Close();                    }                }                if (regIconString == null)                {                    //没有读取到文件类型注册信息,指定为未知文件类型的图标                    regIconString = systemDirectory + "shell32.dll,0";                }            }            else            {                //直接指定为文件夹图标                regIconString = systemDirectory + "shell32.dll,3";            }            string[] fileIcon = regIconString.Split(new char[] { ',' });            if (fileIcon.Length != 2)            {                //系统注册表中注册的标图不能直接提取,则返回可执行文件的通用图标                fileIcon = new string[] { systemDirectory + "shell32.dll", "2" };            }            Icon resultIcon = null;            try            {                //调用API方法读取图标                int[] phiconLarge = new int[1];                int[] phiconSmall = new int[1];                uint count = ExtractIconEx(fileIcon[0], Int32.Parse(fileIcon[1]), phiconLarge, phiconSmall, 1);                IntPtr IconHnd = new IntPtr(isLarge ? phiconLarge[0] : phiconSmall[0]);                resultIcon = Icon.FromHandle(IconHnd);            }            catch            {                fileIcon = new string[] { systemDirectory + "shell32.dll", "2" };                //调用API方法读取图标                int[] phiconLarge = new int[1];                int[] phiconSmall = new int[1];                uint count = ExtractIconEx(fileIcon[0], Int32.Parse(fileIcon[1]), phiconLarge, phiconSmall, 1);                IntPtr IconHnd = new IntPtr(isLarge ? phiconLarge[0] : phiconSmall[0]);                resultIcon = Icon.FromHandle(IconHnd);            }            return resultIcon;        }

另外还可以使用第一种方式API的SHGetFileInfo方法获取文件类型描述

        /// <summary>                 /// 获取指定文件的类型描述                  /// </summary>                 /// <param name="fileName">文件名</param>                 /// <returns>返回文件所属类型的类型描述</returns>                 public static string GetTypeName(string fileName)        {            string typeName = GetTypeName(fileName, FileAttribute.Normal, SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes | SHFileInfoFlags.TypeName | SHFileInfoFlags.DisplayName);            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(typeName))                return "";            else                return typeName.Trim();        }        /// <summary>                 /// 获取文件类型                  /// </summary>                 /// <param name="path">文件名</param>                 /// <param name="dwAttr">文件信息</param>                 /// <param name="dwFlag">信息控制字</param>                /// <returns></returns>                 private static string GetTypeName(string path, FileAttribute dwAttr, SHFileInfoFlags dwFlag)        {            try            {                SHFileInfo fi = new SHFileInfo();                int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(path, dwAttr, ref fi, 0, dwFlag);                if (iTotal > 0)                {                    return fi.szTypeName;                }                else                {                    return "";                }            }            catch            {                return "";            }        }

另一种方式是使用注册表方式获取文件类型描述

         /// <summary>         /// 获取文件扩展名说明          /// </summary>        /// <param name="ext"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static string GetFileTypeDescription(string ext)        {            RegistryKey rKey = null;            RegistryKey sKey = null;            string FileType = "";            try            {                rKey = Registry.ClassesRoot;                sKey = rKey.OpenSubKey(ext);                if (sKey != null && (string)sKey.GetValue("", ext) != ext)                {                    sKey = rKey.OpenSubKey((string)sKey.GetValue("", ext));                    FileType = (string)sKey.GetValue("");                }                else                {                    FileType = ext.Substring(ext.LastIndexOf('.') + 1).ToUpper() + " File";                }                return FileType;            }            finally            {                if (sKey != null)                    sKey.Close();                if (rKey != null)                    rKey.Close();            }        }
该示例类下载