基于SVG的web页面图形绘制API介绍

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一:什么是SVG

SVG是1999由W3C发布的2D图形描述语言,纯基于XML格式的标记语言,SVG的

全称是可扩展的矢量图形跟传统的Raster方式的图形(JPG, PNG, GIF等)有很大的差

别。SVG是2D图形开发平台,包括两个部分,一个是基于XML语言的数据描述,另

外一部分是可编程的API,其关键特性支持图形,文本,梯度填充,画笔风格,图形

特效滤镜如高斯模糊,会在稍后的代码中演示。同时还支持各种鼠标事件与DOM部

分API。几乎所有的主流浏览器都支持SVG图形格式的现实与绘制,IE9+以上也开始

支持SVG,在低版本的IE中需要插件支持。

更多了解SVG访问这里:http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/About.html

二:JavaScript中SVG API编程演示

创建与获取SVG对象

// create svg object

var mySvg = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg","svg");

mySvg.setAttribute("version","1.2");// IE9+ support SVG 1.1 version

mySvg.setAttribute("baseProfile","tiny");

container.appendChild(mySvg);

 

SVG中创建一个矩形图形:

var c1 = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg","rect");

c1.setAttribute("x","20");

c1.setAttribute("y","20");

c1.setAttribute("width","150");

c1.setAttribute("height","150");

c1.setAttribute("fill","rgb(0,0,255)");

c1.setAttribute("stroke","rgb(0,0,0)");

c1.setAttribute("stroke-width","4");

mySvg.appendChild(c1);

 

SVG中实现文本绘制:

// SVG draw text

var stext = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg","text");

stext.setAttribute("x","700");

stext.setAttribute("y","100");

stext.setAttribute("font-size","18px");

stext.setAttribute("fill","#FF0000");

var textString = document.createTextNode("Hello SVG");

stext.appendChild(textString);

mySvg.appendChild(stext);

 

SVG对象上实现鼠标点击事件处理与MouseUp事件处理:

// mouse event handling

c1.addEventListener("click",changeColor,false);

c2.addEventListener("mouseup", changeColor,false);

 

通过SVG图形滤镜实现高斯模糊:

        <div id="blur-image-demo">        <div id="left" style="width:20%;"><img src="woniu.png" alt="Original image" width="325" height="471"></div>        <div id="right" style="width:80%;">        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">  <defs>    <filter id="f1" x="0" y="0">      <feGaussianBlur in="SourceGraphic" stdDeviation="5" />    </filter>  </defs>  <image x="0" y="0" width="325" height="471" xlink:href="woniu.png" filter="url(#f1)"/></svg></div> </div>
运行效果:


源代码,可以copy直接运行

JavaScript部分

            window.onload = function() {            // get DIV            var container = document.getElementById("svgContainer");            // create svg object            var mySvg = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "svg");            mySvg.setAttribute("version", "1.2");// IE9+ support SVG 1.1 version            mySvg.setAttribute("baseProfile", "tiny");            container.appendChild(mySvg);                        // create svg shape - rectanglevar c1 = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect");            c1.setAttribute("x", "20");            c1.setAttribute("y", "20");            c1.setAttribute("width", "150");            c1.setAttribute("height", "150");            c1.setAttribute("fill", "rgb(0,0,255)");            c1.setAttribute("stroke", "rgb(0,0,0)");            c1.setAttribute("stroke-width", "4");            mySvg.appendChild(c1);                        // create svg shape - circle            var c2 = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "circle");            c2.setAttribute("cx", "250");            c2.setAttribute("cy", "100");            c2.setAttribute("r", "60");            c2.setAttribute("fill", "#996699");            c2.setAttribute("stroke", "#AA99FF");            c2.setAttribute("stroke-width", "7");            mySvg.appendChild(c2);                        // create svg shape - ellipse            var c3 = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "ellipse");            c3.setAttribute("cx", "450");            c3.setAttribute("cy", "100");            c3.setAttribute("rx", "100");            c3.setAttribute("ry", "50");            c3.setAttribute("fill", "#FF0000");            c3.setAttribute("stroke", "purple");            c3.setAttribute("stroke-width", "3");            mySvg.appendChild(c3);                        // create svg shape - draw lines            for(var i=0; i<10; i++){            var sline = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "line");            var x1 = 580 + i*10;            console.log(x1);                        sline.setAttribute("x1", x1.toString());            sline.setAttribute("y1", "10");            sline.setAttribute("x2", x1.toString());            sline.setAttribute("y2", "180");            sline.setAttribute("stroke", "rgb(0,255,0)");            sline.setAttribute("stroke-width", "2");                mySvg.appendChild(sline);}                    // SVG draw text        var stext = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "text");        stext.setAttribute("x", "700");        stext.setAttribute("y", "100");        stext.setAttribute("font-size", "18px");        stext.setAttribute("fill", "#FF0000");        var textString = document.createTextNode("Hello SVG");        stext.appendChild(textString);        mySvg.appendChild(stext);                        // mouse event handling            c1.addEventListener("click", changeColor, false);            c2.addEventListener("mouseup", changeColor, false);            };                        function changeColor(evt) {                var target = evt.target;                target.setAttributeNS(null, "fill", "green");            }
HTML部分:

<html>    <head>        <title>Gloomyfish SVG Demo</title>                <style>            #svgContainer {                width:800px;                height:200px;                background-color:#EEEEEE;            }                        #left { float: left;} #right { float: right;}         </style>           </head>    <body>        <div id="svgContainer"></div>        <div id="blur-image-demo">        <div id="left" style="width:20%;"><img src="woniu.png" alt="Original image" width="325" height="471"></div>        <div id="right" style="width:80%;">        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">  <defs>    <filter id="f1" x="0" y="0">      <feGaussianBlur in="SourceGraphic" stdDeviation="5" />    </filter>  </defs>  <image x="0" y="0" width="325" height="471" xlink:href="woniu.png" filter="url(#f1)"/></svg></div> </div>    </body></html>
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