java netty之ByteToMessageDecoder

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在上面的一篇文章中,有说明ByteToMessageDecoder是怎么使用的,那么这一篇就来讲讲它是怎么实现的。。

首先还是来看一下它的继承体系:


它直接继承自ChannelInboundByteHandlerAdapter类型,至于说这个类型的介绍,在前面的文章中就已经有了说明,无非是实现了那些inboundhandler的方法,不过实现的都非常的粗糙,另外一些handler可以直接继承它,重写其中自己感兴趣的方法就可以了。。。

好吧,接下来我们来看看ByteToMessageDecoder的定义吧:

public abstract class ByteToMessageDecoder    extends ChannelInboundByteHandlerAdapter {    private volatile boolean singleDecode;    private boolean decodeWasNull;    /**     * If set then only one message is decoded on each {@link #inboundBufferUpdated(ChannelHandlerContext)} call.     * This may be useful if you need to do some protocol upgrade and want to make sure nothing is mixed up.     *     * Default is {@code false} as this has performance impacts.     */    public void setSingleDecode(boolean singleDecode) {        this.singleDecode = singleDecode;    }    /**     * If {@code true} then only one message is decoded on each     * {@link #inboundBufferUpdated(ChannelHandlerContext)} call.     *     * Default is {@code false} as this has performance impacts.     */    public boolean isSingleDecode() {        return singleDecode;    }    @Override    public void inboundBufferUpdated(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in) throws Exception {        callDecode(ctx, in);   //当有数据进来的时候,直接调用callDecode方法    }    @Override    public void channelReadSuspended(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {        if (decodeWasNull) {            decodeWasNull = false;            if (!ctx.channel().config().isAutoRead()) {                ctx.read();            }        }        super.channelReadSuspended(ctx);    }    @Override    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {        OutputMessageBuf out = OutputMessageBuf.get();        try {            ByteBuf in = ctx.inboundByteBuffer();            if (in.isReadable()) {                callDecode(ctx, in);            }            decodeLast(ctx, in, out);        } catch (CodecException e) {            throw e;        } catch (Throwable cause) {            throw new DecoderException(cause);        } finally {            if (out.drainToNextInbound(ctx)) {                ctx.fireInboundBufferUpdated();            }            ctx.fireChannelInactive();        }    }    protected void callDecode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in) {        boolean wasNull = false;        OutputMessageBuf out = OutputMessageBuf.get();        try {            while (in.isReadable()) {  //是否有数据可以读                int outSize = out.size();   //当前存放经过转码的数据的buffer                int oldInputLength = in.readableBytes(); //可以读的数据量                decode(ctx, in, out);   //调用用户定义的decode方法,用来解析数据,并将解析出来的对象放到out里面                if (outSize == out.size()) {   //这个表明没有解析出任何对象                    wasNull = true;                    if (oldInputLength == in.readableBytes()) {                        break;   //表示没有从in里面读取任何数据                    } else {                        continue;                    }                }                wasNull = false;                if (oldInputLength == in.readableBytes()) {                    throw new IllegalStateException(                         "decode() did not read anything but decoded a message.");                }                if (isSingleDecode()) {                    break;                }            }        } catch (CodecException e) {            throw e;        } catch (Throwable cause) {            throw new DecoderException(cause);        } finally {            if (out.drainToNextInbound(ctx)) {  //把数据写到接下来的inboundhandler的inboundbuffer里面去                decodeWasNull = false;                ctx.fireInboundBufferUpdated();  //激活下一个handler的inboundBufferUpdated方法,用于处理刚刚写进去的数据            } else {                if (wasNull) {                    decodeWasNull = true;                }            }        }    }    /**     * Decode the from one {@link ByteBuf} to an other. This method will be called till either the input     * {@link ByteBuf} has nothing to read anymore, till nothing was read from the input {@link ByteBuf} or till     * this method returns {@code null}.     *     * @param ctx           the {@link ChannelHandlerContext} which this {@link ByteToByteDecoder} belongs to     * @param in            the {@link ByteBuf} from which to read data     * @param out           the {@link MessageBuf} to which decoded messages should be added     * @throws Exception    is thrown if an error accour     */   //用户自己定义的decode方法,用于将读取的byte类型的数据转化为用户自定义的类型    protected abstract void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, MessageBuf<Object> out) throws Exception;    /**     * Is called one last time when the {@link ChannelHandlerContext} goes in-active. Which means the     * {@link #channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext)} was triggered.     *     * By default this will just call {@link #decode(ChannelHandlerContext, ByteBuf, MessageBuf)} but sub-classes may     * override this for some special cleanup operation.     */    protected void decodeLast(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, MessageBuf<Object> out) throws Exception {        decode(ctx, in, out);    }}

这里需要注意到重写的方法是inboundBufferUpdated,也就是当数据进来的时候会调用的方法,又直接调用callDecode方法来处理,而callDecode方法的实现也还算是比较的简单,上面的注释也都基本上说的比较的清楚了,无非是调用用户定义的decode方法,用于将读进来的byte数据转化为用户自己定义的数据类型,然后再将转化的结果放入到一个messagebuf里面。。。

这里可以看到decode方法是个抽象的方法,所以需要用户自己继承ByteToMessageDecoder类型,然后重写decode方法用于按照自己的规则将数据转化为自定义的类型。。。

另外比较重要的是finally部分的代码:

if (out.drainToNextInbound(ctx)) {  //把数据写到接下来的inboundhandler的inboundbuffer里面去                decodeWasNull = false;                ctx.fireInboundBufferUpdated();  //激活下一个handler的inboundBufferUpdated方法,用于处理刚刚写进去的数据            } else {                if (wasNull) {                    decodeWasNull = true;                }            }

其实这部分看名字也都能知道这些方法的意思吧,猜都能猜出来:见当前messagebuf里面的数据写到下一个inboundhandler的buffer里面去。。。然后再激活下一个inboundhandler的inboundBufferUpdated方法,用于处理数据。。我们还是来看看drainToNextInbound方法的定义吧:

    public boolean drainToNextInbound(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {        final int size = size();   //当前buf存放的数据的量        if (size == 0) {            return false;        }        //有可能是bytebuf的类型        final int byteBufCnt = this.byteBufCnt;        if (byteBufCnt == 0 || ctx.nextInboundBufferType() != BufType.BYTE) {            return drainTo(ctx.nextInboundMessageBuffer()) > 0;        }        final ByteBuf nextByteBuf = ctx.nextInboundByteBuffer();        if (byteBufCnt == size) {            // Contains only ByteBufs            for (Object o = poll();;) {                writeAndRelease(nextByteBuf, (ByteBuf) o);                if ((o = poll()) == null) {                    break;                }            }        } else {            // Contains both ByteBufs and non-ByteBufs (0 < byteBufCnt < size())            final MessageBuf<Object> nextMsgBuf = ctx.nextInboundMessageBuffer();   //获取下一个inboundhandler的messagebuffer            for (Object o = poll();;) {   //将当前buffer里面存放的message放入到下一个handler的buffer里面去                if (o instanceof ByteBuf) {                    writeAndRelease(nextByteBuf, (ByteBuf) o);                } else {                    nextMsgBuf.add(o);                }                if ((o = poll()) == null) {                    break;                }            }        }        return true;    }

代码还是比较的简单,无非是将数据当前buf里面的数据取出来,然后放到下一个handler的buf里面去就行了,这里需要注意的是,这里有可能也是byte类型的。。。

这样,decode出来的数据,就转移到了下一个inboundhandler的buffer里面了,那么下一个handler就可以处理这些数据了。。。

这里我们再稍微来看看ChannelInboundMessageHandlerAdapter这个类型吧,它的inboundBufferUpdated方法定义如下:

    @Override    public final void inboundBufferUpdated(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {        ChannelHandlerUtil.handleInboundBufferUpdated(ctx, this);    }
很简单,我们再来看看它的具体实现吧:
    public static <T> void handleInboundBufferUpdated(            ChannelHandlerContext ctx, SingleInboundMessageHandler<T> handler) throws Exception {        MessageBuf<Object> in = ctx.inboundMessageBuffer();        if (in.isEmpty() || !handler.beginMessageReceived(ctx)) {            return;        }        MessageBuf<Object> out = ctx.nextInboundMessageBuffer();        int oldOutSize = out.size();        try {        //这里一个循环可以看出,对于每一个解码出来的object对象,都会调用用户定义的messageReceived方法来处理            for (;;) {                Object msg = in.poll();                if (msg == null) {                    break;                }                if (!handler.acceptInboundMessage(msg)) {  //如果当前这个handler不支持这个类型,那么将数据写到下一个handler的buffer里面                    out.add(msg);                    continue;                }                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")                T imsg = (T) msg;                try {                    handler.messageReceived(ctx, imsg);   //调用用户定义的messageReceived方法来处理message                } finally {                    BufUtil.release(imsg);                }            }        } catch (Signal abort) {            abort.expect(ABORT);        } finally {            if (oldOutSize != out.size()) {  //这里表示由message写入到下一个inboundhandler的inbuffer里面,那么需要进行处理                ctx.fireInboundBufferUpdated();  //这里会激活下一个inboundhandler的inboundBufferUpdated方法,用于处理写进去的message            }            handler.endMessageReceived(ctx);        }    }

意思也很简单吧,将buf里面的数据一个一个的取出来,然后调用用户自己定义的messageReceived方法用于处理这些数据。。


好了,decoder就差不多了,下一篇看一下encoder吧。。。

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