隧道协议

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http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0410/09/9523427_202393017.shtml

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunneling_protocol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethertype

List of IP protocol numbers:

0x06 TCP Transmission Control Protocol
0x11 UDP User Datagram Protocol
0x5E IPIP IP-within-IP Encapsulation Protocol
0x61 ETHERIPEthernet-within-IP Encapsulation
0x70 VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, Common Address Redundancy Protocol (not IANA assigned)
0x73 L2TP Layer Two Tunneling Protocol Version 3
0x84 SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
0x89 MPLS-in-IPMultiprotocol Label Switching Encapsulated in IP

EtherType

0x0800 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
0x0806 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
0x86DD Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
0x8847 MPLS unicast
0x8848 MPLS multicast
0x8863 PPPoE Discovery Stage
0x8864 PPPoE Session Stage
0x88A8 Provider Bridging (IEEE 802.1ad) & Shortest Path Bridging IEEE 802.1aq
0x9100 Q-in-Q

定义：

By using tunneling one can (for example) carry a payload over an incompatible delivery-network, or provide a secure path through an untrusted network.

去除VLAN。

第二层隧道协议：L2F、PPTP、L2TP等。

L2TPv3:

RFC 3931
L2TP协议是目前IETF的标准，由IETF融合PPTP与L2F而形成。
L2TPv3 provides additional security features, improved encapsulation, and the ability to carry data links other than simply PPP (PPP) over an IP network (e.g., Frame Relay, Ethernet, ATM, etc.). 提供了额外的安全特性、封装、承载数据链路的能力。
The entire L2TP packet, including payload and L2TP header, is sent within a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) datagram.It is common to carry PPP sessions within an L2TP tunnel.
L2TP协议允许对IP、IPX、或NetBEUI数据流进行加密，然后通过支持点对点的数据包传递的任意网络发送，如IP、X.25、帧中继或ATM等。
L2TP一般封装在UDP报文中（理论上也可以封装在IP报文里面），且内部一般承载PPP。
PPP的其他用途：a data link protocol commonly used in establishing a direct connection between two networking nodes。用于拨入Internet。使用Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) and Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (PPPoA)。

三层隧道协议：

Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)：

公网IP传递私有IP,使用GRE封装；
IP + GRE + IP

EtherIP协议：

对Ethernet和IEEE 802.3（包括802.1Q） Frame数据报文进行封装，使这些被封装的数据报文能够在IP网络中传输。EtherIP是Tunnel（隧道）技术的一种，属于第三层隧道协议。

IPSec协议：

CAPWAP：见本blog其他日志。

IP-IP封装：IP Header + IP Header

MPLS:

EtherTypeProtocol0x0800Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)0x0806Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)0x0842Wake-on-LAN^[3]0x22F3IETF TRILL Protocol0x6003DECnet Phase IV0x8035Reverse Address Resolution Protocol0x809BAppleTalk (Ethertalk)0x80F3AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP)0x8100VLAN-tagged frame (IEEE 802.1Q) & Shortest Path Bridging IEEE 802.1aq^[4]0x8137IPX0x8138IPX0x8204QNX Qnet0x86DDInternet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)0x8808Ethernet flow control0x8809Slow Protocols (IEEE 802.3)0x8819CobraNet0x8847MPLS unicast0x8848MPLS multicast0x8863PPPoE Discovery Stage0x8864PPPoE Session Stage0x8870Jumbo Frames0x887BHomePlug 1.0 MME0x888EEAP over LAN (IEEE 802.1X)0x8892PROFINET Protocol0x889AHyperSCSI (SCSI over Ethernet)0x88A2ATA over Ethernet0x88A4EtherCAT Protocol0x88A8Provider Bridging (IEEE 802.1ad) & Shortest Path Bridging IEEE 802.1aq^[5]0x88ABEthernet Powerlink^{[citation needed]}0x88CCLink Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)0x88CDSERCOS III0x88E1HomePlug AV MME^{[citation needed]}0x88E3Media Redundancy Protocol (IEC62439-2)0x88E5MAC security (IEEE 802.1AE)0x88F7Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588)0x8902IEEE 802.1ag Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) Protocol / ITU-T Recommendation Y.1731 (OAM)0x8906Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)0x8914FCoE Initialization Protocol0x8915RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE)0x892FHigh-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)0x9000Ethernet Configuration Testing Protocol^[6]0x9100Q-in-Q0xCAFEVeritas Low Latency Transport (LLT)^[7] for Veritas Cluster Server