android 网络图片双缓存

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Android每次加载图片很浪费时间。所以设计了一个图片缓存技术来解决每次android手机加载图片的问题

 

内存的读取速度是最快的,然后是文件的读取速度,最后是网络资源的读取

 

既然内存的读取时间最快,我们好好利用内存资源。将内存再分两层缓存

强引用缓存不会轻易被回收,来保存常用数据,不常用的资源放入软引用缓存中。

对于硬引用和软引用的介绍:

强引用(StrongReference)
    强引用是使用最普遍的引用。如果一个对象具有强引用,那垃圾回收器绝不会回收它。当内存空间不足,Java虚拟机宁愿抛出OutOfMemoryError错误,使程序异常终止,也不会靠随意回收具有强引用的对象来解决内存不足的问题。

⑵软引用(SoftReference)

如果一个对象只具有软引用,则内存空间足够,垃圾回收器就不会回收它;如果内存空间不足了,就会回收这些对象的内存。只要垃圾回收器没有回收它,该对象就可以被程序使用。软引用可用来实现内存敏感的高速缓存

 1,对于强引用和软引用的使用,我们首先去强引用缓存中去找图片资源,当没有发现时,就去软引用缓存中。当强引用的超额时,将最后使用的资源放入软引用缓存中,使用到软引用的资源时 ,则将资源重新放回强引用缓存池中。

 2,内存缓存池中找不到,就去文件中查找,

 

3,再找不到就只好去网络上下载了,下载到以后,分别将资源放入文件缓存和内存缓存中

 

Android对于InputStream流有个小bug在慢速网络的情况下可能产生中断,可以考虑重写FilterInputStream处理skip方法来解决这个bug。 BitmapFactory类的decodeStream方法在网络超时或较慢的时候无法获取完整的数据,这里我 们通过继承FilterInputStream类的skip方法来强制实现flush流中的数据,主要原理就是检查是否到文件末端,告诉http类是否继续。

 static class FlushedInputStream extends FilterInputStream {

        public FlushedInputStream(InputStream inputStream) {

            super(inputStream);

        }

                                                       

        @Override

        public long skip(long n) throws IOException {

            long totalBytesSkipped = 0L;

            while (totalBytesSkipped < n) {

                long bytesSkipped = in.skip(n - totalBytesSkipped);

                if (bytesSkipped == 0L) {

                    int b = read();

                    if (b < 0) {

                        break;  // we reached EOF

                    } else {

                        bytesSkipped = 1; // we read one byte

                    }

                }

                totalBytesSkipped += bytesSkipped;

            }

            return totalBytesSkipped;

        }

    }

 

 主界面读取图片

public class MainActivity extends Activity {private ImageMemoryCache memoryCache;private ImageFileCache fileCache;private ImageView imageView;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.main);memoryCache=new ImageMemoryCache(this);fileCache=new ImageFileCache();imageView=(ImageView) findViewById(R.id.img);Bitmap b=getBitmap("http://f.hiphotos.baidu.com/album/w%3D2048/sign=7aa167f79f2f07085f052d00dd1cb999/472309f7905298228f794c7bd6ca7bcb0b46d4c4.jpg");imageView.setImageBitmap(b);}public Bitmap getBitmap(String url) {    // 从内存缓存中获取图片    Bitmap result = memoryCache.getBitmapFromCache(url);    if (result == null) {        // 文件缓存中获取        result = fileCache.getImage(url);        if (result == null) {            // 从网络获取            result = ImageGetFromHttp.downloadBitmap(url);            if (result != null) {                fileCache.saveBitmap(result, url);                memoryCache.addBitmapToCache(url, result);            }        } else {            // 添加到内存缓存            memoryCache.addBitmapToCache(url, result);        }    }    return result;}}

 内存中读取

public class ImageMemoryCache {    /**     * 从内存读取数据速度是最快的,为了更大限度使用内存,这里使用了两层缓存。     * 硬引用缓存不会轻易被回收,用来保存常用数据,不常用的转入软引用缓存。     */    private static final int SOFT_CACHE_SIZE = 15;  //软引用缓存容量    private static LruCache<String, Bitmap> mLruCache;  //硬引用缓存    private static LinkedHashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> mSoftCache;  //软引用缓存                                                                                              public ImageMemoryCache(Context context) {        int memClass = ((ActivityManager)context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE)).getMemoryClass();        int cacheSize = 1024 * 1024 * memClass / 4;  //硬引用缓存容量,为系统可用内存的1/4        mLruCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {            @Override            protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap value) {                if (value != null)                    return value.getRowBytes() * value.getHeight();                else                    return 0;            }                                                                                                      @Override            protected void entryRemoved(boolean evicted, String key, Bitmap oldValue, Bitmap newValue) {                if (oldValue != null)                    // 硬引用缓存容量满的时候,会根据LRU算法把最近没有被使用的图片转入此软引用缓存                    mSoftCache.put(key, new SoftReference<Bitmap>(oldValue));            }        };        mSoftCache = new LinkedHashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>>(SOFT_CACHE_SIZE, 0.75f, true) {            private static final long serialVersionUID = 6040103833179403725L;            @Override            protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Entry<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> eldest) {                if (size() > SOFT_CACHE_SIZE){                        return true;                  }                  return false;             }        };    }                                                                                      /**     * 从缓存中获取图片     */    public Bitmap getBitmapFromCache(String url) {        Bitmap bitmap;        //先从硬引用缓存中获取        synchronized (mLruCache) {            bitmap = mLruCache.get(url);            if (bitmap != null) {                //如果找到的话,把元素移到LinkedHashMap的最前面,从而保证在LRU算法中是最后被删除                mLruCache.remove(url);                mLruCache.put(url, bitmap);                return bitmap;            }        }        //如果硬引用缓存中找不到,到软引用缓存中找        synchronized (mSoftCache) {             SoftReference<Bitmap> bitmapReference = mSoftCache.get(url);            if (bitmapReference != null) {                bitmap = bitmapReference.get();                if (bitmap != null) {                    //将图片移回硬缓存                    mLruCache.put(url, bitmap);                    mSoftCache.remove(url);                    return bitmap;                } else {                    mSoftCache.remove(url);                }            }        }        return null;    }                                                                                       /**     * 添加图片到缓存     */    public void addBitmapToCache(String url, Bitmap bitmap) {        if (bitmap != null) {            synchronized (mLruCache) {                mLruCache.put(url, bitmap);            }        }    }                                                                                      public void clearCache() {        mSoftCache.clear();    }}
public class ImageFileCache {    private static final String CACHDIR = "ImgCach";    private static final String WHOLESALE_CONV = ".cach";                                                                private static final int MB = 1024*1024;    private static final int CACHE_SIZE = 10;    private static final int FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE = 10;                                                                    public ImageFileCache() {        //清理文件缓存        removeCache(getDirectory());    }                                                                    /** 从缓存中获取图片 **/    public Bitmap getImage(final String url) {            final String path = getDirectory() + "/" + convertUrlToFileName(url);        File file = new File(path);        if (file.exists()) {            Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path);            if (bmp == null) {                file.delete();            } else {                updateFileTime(path);                return bmp;            }        }        return null;    }                                                                    /** 将图片存入文件缓存 **/    public void saveBitmap(Bitmap bm, String url) {        if (bm == null) {            return;        }        //判断sdcard上的空间        if (FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE > freeSpaceOnSd()) {            //SD空间不足            return;        }        String filename = convertUrlToFileName(url);        String dir = getDirectory();        File dirFile = new File(dir);        if (!dirFile.exists())            dirFile.mkdirs();        File file = new File(dir +"/" + filename);        try {            file.createNewFile();            OutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(file);            bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, outStream);            outStream.flush();            outStream.close();        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {            Log.w("ImageFileCache", "FileNotFoundException");        } catch (IOException e) {            Log.w("ImageFileCache", "IOException");        }    }                                                                     /**     * 计算存储目录下的文件大小,     * 当文件总大小大于规定的CACHE_SIZE或者sdcard剩余空间小于FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE的规定     * 那么删除40%最近没有被使用的文件     */    private boolean removeCache(String dirPath) {        File dir = new File(dirPath);        File[] files = dir.listFiles();        if (files == null) {            return true;        }        if (!android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(                android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {            return false;        }                                                                    int dirSize = 0;        for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {            if (files[i].getName().contains(WHOLESALE_CONV)) {                dirSize += files[i].length();            }        }                                                                    if (dirSize > CACHE_SIZE * MB || FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE > freeSpaceOnSd()) {            int removeFactor = (int) ((0.4 * files.length) + 1);            Arrays.sort(files, new FileLastModifSort());            for (int i = 0; i < removeFactor; i++) {                if (files[i].getName().contains(WHOLESALE_CONV)) {                    files[i].delete();                }            }        }                                                                    if (freeSpaceOnSd() <= CACHE_SIZE) {            return false;        }                                                                            return true;    }                                                                    /** 修改文件的最后修改时间 **/    public void updateFileTime(String path) {        File file = new File(path);        long newModifiedTime = System.currentTimeMillis();        file.setLastModified(newModifiedTime);    }                                                                    /** 计算sdcard上的剩余空间 **/    private int freeSpaceOnSd() {        StatFs stat = new StatFs(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath());        double sdFreeMB = ((double)stat.getAvailableBlocks() * (double) stat.getBlockSize()) / MB;        return (int) sdFreeMB;    }                                                                     /** 将url转成文件名 **/    private String convertUrlToFileName(String url) {        String[] strs = url.split("/");        return strs[strs.length - 1] + WHOLESALE_CONV;    }                                                                    /** 获得缓存目录 **/    private String getDirectory() {        String dir = getSDPath() + "/" + CACHDIR;        return dir;    }                                                                    /** 取SD卡路径 **/    private String getSDPath() {        File sdDir = null;        boolean sdCardExist = Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(                android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);  //判断sd卡是否存在        if (sdCardExist) {            sdDir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();  //获取根目录        }        if (sdDir != null) {            return sdDir.toString();        } else {            return "";        }    }                                                                 /**     * 根据文件的最后修改时间进行排序     */    private class FileLastModifSort implements Comparator<File> {        public int compare(File arg0, File arg1) {            if (arg0.lastModified() > arg1.lastModified()) {                return 1;            } else if (arg0.lastModified() == arg1.lastModified()) {                return 0;            } else {                return -1;            }        }    }                                                            }

网络下载图片

public class ImageGetFromHttp {    private static final String LOG_TAG = "ImageGetFromHttp";                                                               public static Bitmap downloadBitmap(String url) {        final HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();        final HttpGet getRequest = new HttpGet(url);                                                                       try {            HttpResponse response = client.execute(getRequest);            final int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();            if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {                Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Error " + statusCode + " while retrieving bitmap from " + url);                return null;            }                                                                               final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();            if (entity != null) {                InputStream inputStream = null;                try {                    inputStream = entity.getContent();                    FilterInputStream fit = new FlushedInputStream(inputStream);                    return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fit);                } finally {                    if (inputStream != null) {                        inputStream.close();                        inputStream = null;                    }                    entity.consumeContent();                }            }        } catch (IOException e) {            getRequest.abort();            Log.w(LOG_TAG, "I/O error while retrieving bitmap from " + url, e);        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {            getRequest.abort();            Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Incorrect URL: " + url);        } catch (Exception e) {            getRequest.abort();            Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Error while retrieving bitmap from " + url, e);        } finally {            client.getConnectionManager().shutdown();        }        return null;    }                                                           /*     * An InputStream that skips the exact number of bytes provided, unless it reaches EOF.     */    static class FlushedInputStream extends FilterInputStream {        public FlushedInputStream(InputStream inputStream) {            super(inputStream);        }                                                               @Override        public long skip(long n) throws IOException {            long totalBytesSkipped = 0L;            while (totalBytesSkipped < n) {                long bytesSkipped = in.skip(n - totalBytesSkipped);                if (bytesSkipped == 0L) {                    int b = read();                    if (b < 0) {                        break;  // we reached EOF                    } else {                        bytesSkipped = 1; // we read one byte                    }                }                totalBytesSkipped += bytesSkipped;            }            return totalBytesSkipped;        }    }}


 权限

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />


 

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