一个Excel导入SQL Server的例子

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有人提问如下:

这个是Excel的,比如是test.xls
欠费年份 欠费开始月份 欠费结束月份 应缴金额(月租)   
2001 9 12 94.4   
2008 5 12 88.8   
2010 8 12 90.4
___________________________________________

这个是表:比如是a表
a(pk,int,not null) //主键,自动增长
b(varchar(19),null) //费款所属期
c(decimal(10,2),null) //应缴金额___________________________________________

现在我要将test.xls中的数据导入到a表,从开始月份到结束月份要做循环导入,比如第一条2001年的从9月到12月要录入4条数据到a表,导入后的格式如:
select * from a

a b c
1 2001-09 94.4
2 2001-10 94.4
3 2001-11 94.4
4 2001-12 94.4

数据库是:MS Sql server 2008

   --启用Ad Hoc Distributed Queries:
   exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',1
   reconfigure
   exec sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries',1
   reconfigure
  
   --使用完成后,关闭Ad Hoc Distributed Queries:
   exec sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries',0
   reconfigure
  exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',0
  reconfigure

解析:

思路一:可以使用OpenRowset查询导入到表变量中,再用游标循环赋值。方法如下:

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use testdb2go/*******************建立测试数据***3w@live.cn***********************/IF NOT OBJECT_ID('[TBTest]') IS NULL    DROP TABLE [TBTest]GOCREATE TABLE [TBTest]([tid] int identity(1,1) primary key,[date] NVARCHAR(20) null,[Money] decimal(10,2) null)go/*******************启用Ad Hoc Distributed Queries***3w@live.cn***********************/ --------USE master--------go--------sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1--------GO------------reconfigure ----------启用分布式查询 Ad Hoc Distributed Queries--------sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries', 1 --------GO--------reconfigure --------gouse testdb2go/*******************定义表变量***3w@live.cn***********************/ Declare @TableVar table(PKId int primary key identity(1,1),RYear int not null,BMonth int not null,EMonth int not null,RMoney Decimal(15,2) not null)insert into @TableVar(RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney)select * from OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:/test/test20110501.xls', 'select * from [Sheet1$]') ----select RYear,BMonth,EMonth,RMoney from @TableVar ------update @TableVar ------SET d1=cast(------Cast(RYear as Nvarchar(4))+'-'+cast(BMonth AS nvarchar(2))+'-01' as date)------, d2=cast(------Cast(RYear as Nvarchar(4))+'-'+cast(EMonth AS nvarchar(2))+'-01' as date)/*******************第一种方法,用游标***3w@live.cn***********************/     DECLARE @RYear int    declare @BMonth int    declare @EMonth int    declare @RMoney int    DECLARE DateDemo_cursor CURSOR FOR     select RYear,BMonth,EMonth,RMoney from @TableVar where 1=1    OPEN DateDemo_cursor    FETCH NEXT FROM DateDemo_cursor    INTO @RYear,@BMonth,@EMonth,@RMoney        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0        BEGIN                    --修改记录           while(@EMonth-@BMonth>=0)               begin                insert INTO [TBTest]                SELECT TOP 1 cast(RYear  AS nvarchar(4))+'-'+                CASE WHEN (@BMonth<10) THEN '0'+cast(@BMonth AS nvarchar(2))                ELSE cast(@BMonth AS nvarchar(2)) END,                Rmoney from @TableVar where Ryear=@RYear                                 SET @BMonth=@BMonth+1                end            --修改结束            FETCH NEXT FROM DateDemo_cursor into @RYear,@BMonth,@EMonth,@RMoney                    END    CLOSE DateDemo_cursor    DEALLOCATE DateDemo_cursor    GOSELECT * FROM [TBTest]
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查询结果:

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/*
tid date Money
1 2001-09 94.40
2 2001-10 94.40
3 2001-11 94.40
4 2001-12 94.40
5 2008-05 88.80
6 2008-06 88.80
7 2008-07 88.80
8 2008-08 88.80
9 2008-09 88.80
10 2008-10 88.80
11 2008-11 88.80
12 2008-12 88.80
13 2010-08 90.40
14 2010-09 90.40
15 2010-10 90.40
16 2010-11 90.40
17 2010-12 90.40
*/
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评价:该方法使用了最传统的方法,思路清晰。但没有体现SQL server 2008的语法特性,略显繁琐。

思路二:可否使用CTE实现?(KillKill提供)

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/*******************第二种方法,用CTE,适用于sql2005/2008/2008 r2*********//***************************************3w@live.cn***********************/ TRUNCATE table [TBTest]goDeclare @TableVar table(PKId int primary key identity(1,1),RYear int not null,BMonth int not null,EMonth int not null,RMoney Decimal(15,2) not null);insert into @TableVar(RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney)select * from OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:/test/test20110501.xls', 'select * from [Sheet1$]');

with seq as (select top 12 row_number() over (order by object_id) val from sys.objects)select cast(t.RYear AS nvarchar(4))+'-'+ CASE WHEN (t.BMonth+seq.val<10) THEN '0'+cast(t.BMonth+seq.val AS nvarchar(2)) ELSE cast(t.BMonth+seq.val AS nvarchar(2)) END ,RMoney cfrom @TableVar t inner join seq on t.BMonth+seq.val <= EMonth;
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思路三:可否使用SQL Server 2008新提供的Merge实现?

思路四:使用NPOI在业务层实现数据转换。

思路五:用Master..spt_values表实现(由小F提供)

利用该表,可获取一定区间内的列表,最长不超过2048,如

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select number from master..spt_valueswhere type='P' andnumber between 1 and 5/*number12345*/ 
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因为月份最多12,不超过2048,因此可以利用 master..spt_values。

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/*******************第五种方法,用master..spt_values,适用于sql2005/2008/2008 r2*********//***************************************3w@live.cn***********************/Declare @TableVar table(PKId int primary key identity(1,1),RYear int not null,BMonth int not null,EMonth int not null,RMoney Decimal(15,2) not null----,d1 date null,d2 Date null);insert into @TableVar(RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney)select * from OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:/test/test20110501.xls','select * from [Sheet1$]');selecttid=row_number()over(order by getdate()),ltrim(RYear)+'-'+ltrim(right(100+number,2)) as date,     b.RMoney as moneyfrommaster..spt_values a, @TableVar bwherenumber between BMonth and EMonthandtype='p'
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