kvm 源码安装

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系统环境
CentOS 5.5 x64

必须安装CentOS 64位，才可以安装KVM虚拟机。32位系统的内核默认没有把KVM模块编译进去，而且源中也没有与虚拟化相关的软件包，如Qemu等。

安装基本系统和开发工具
编译内核

mkdir /root/kvm
cd /root/kvm
wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.34.4.tar.bz2
tar -jxf linux-2.6.34.4.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src
cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.34.4
make menuconfig

vi .config

增加
CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2=y
CONFIG_STP=m
CONFIG_BRIDGE=m
修改
CONFIG_STP=y
CONFIG_BRIDGE=y
make -j30 all
make modules_install
make install

安装kvm_mod

tar -jxf kvm-kmod-2.6.34.1.tar.bz2
cd kvm-kmod-2.6.34.1
./configure
make && make install
reboot

确认kvm_kmod安装成功

lsmod |grep kvm

kvm_intel 40286 0
kvm 266256 1 kvm_intel

安装qemu-kvm

cd /root/kvm
tar -zxf qemu-kvm-0.12.5.tar.gz
cd qemu-kvm-0.12.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/qemu --disable-vnc-tls --disable-vnc-sasl --disable-curl --enable-system --with-kvm-trace --static
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/kvm/bin/qemu-img /usr/bin/qemu-img
ln -s /usr/local/kvm/bin/qemu-io /usr/bin/qemu-io
ln -s /usr/local/kvm/bin/qemu-nbd /usr/bin/qemu-nbd
ln -s /usr/local/kvm/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu
ln -s /usr/local/kvm/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/kvm
ln -s /usr/local/kvm/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm

安装libvirt

cd /root/kvm
tar -zxf libvirt-0.8.3.tar.gz
cd libvirt-0.8.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libvirt --enable-debug=no --with-storage-lvm=no
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/libvirt/bin/virsh /usr/bin/virsh

常见问题

configure: error: You must install the GnuTLS library in order to compile and run libvirt

yum install gnutls-devel -y

问题

[root@vpstest bin]# /usr/local/libvirt/sbin/libvirtd
19:49:56.942: error : virRunWithHook:857 : internal error 'brctl setfd virbr0 0' exited with non-zero status 1 and signal 0: libvir: error : cannot execute binary brctl: No such file or directory
19:49:56.982: warning : qemudStartup:1832 : Unable to create cgroup for driver: No such device or address

yum install bridge-utils -y

问题

19:51:11.368: error : virRunWithHook:857 : internal error '/sbin/iptables --table filter --insert FORWARD --destination 192.168.122.0/255.255.255.0 --out-interface virbr0 --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT' exited with non-zero status 1 and signal 0: iptables: Unknown error 18446744073709551615
19:51:11.368: error : networkAddMasqueradingIptablesRules:637 : failed to add iptables rule to allow forwarding to 'virbr0': Invalid argument
19:51:11.420: warning : qemudStartup:1832 : Unable to create cgroup for driver: No such device or address

如果使用桥接网络独立IP可以忽略

安装virtinst

cd /root/kvm
tar -zxf virtinst-0.500.3.tar.gz
cd virtinst-0.500.3
python setup.py install

常见问题

virt-install
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/virt-install", line 34, in ?
import libvirt
ImportError: No module named libvirt

cp -rfp /usr/local/libvirt/lib/* /usr/lib/
cp -rfp /usr/local/libvirt/lib64/* /usr/lib64/

设置桥接网络

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=6C:F0:49:7F:DD:6F
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0

DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=192.168.0.255
#HWADDR=6C:F0:49:7F:DD:6F
IPADDR=192.168.0.155
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.0.0
ONBOOT=yes

配置完成

安装guestOS命令行

./virt-install --connect=qemu:///session -v --name winxddpd --ram 512 --file /home/os/winxpd2dd3.img --file-size 30 --network bridge=br0 --accelerate --vnc --vncport=5915 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0 --cdrom /home/iso/zh-hans_windows_xp_professional_with_service_pack_3_x86_cd_vl_x14-74070.iso
win2k8
virt-install --connect=qemu:///session -v --os-variant=win2k8 --name win2k8h --ram 1024 --autostart --file /home/os/win2k8h.img --file-size 30 --network bridge=br0 --accelerate --vnc --vncport=5920 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0 --cdrom /home/iso/Windows_Svr_DC_EE_SE_Web_2008R2_64-bit_X15-59777.ISO

创建新的虚拟主机

/usr/bin/qemu-img create -f qcow2 /home/os/vdisk.img 30G

vi newhost.xml

<domain type='kvm'>
<name>win2k89</name>
<uuid>116cb1cc-0505-f707-b90a-af1ab2fac4d7</uuid>
<memory>1048576</memory>
<currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>
<vcpu>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-0.12'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
<boot dev='cdrom'/>
<bootmenu enable='yes'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
</features>
<clock offset='localtime'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/home/os/vdisk.img'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' device='qcow2'/>
<source file='/home/os/vdisk5.img'/>
<target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<source file='/home/iso/Windows_Svr_DC_EE_SE_Web_2008R2_64-bit_X15-59777.ISO'/>
<target dev='hdz' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='52:54:00:4a:37:ee'/>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target port='0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5911' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0' passwd='123456' keymap='en-us'/>
<video>
<model type='vga' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
</domain>

结合arptables防止IP更改

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2

vi /root/arptables.sh

#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/sbin/arptables -F
/usr/local/sbin/arptables -F
/usr/local/sbin/arptables -F
/usr/local/sbin/arptables -F
sleep 5
#/usr/local/sbin/arptables -A FORWARD --src-ip 192.168.0.133 --src-mac 52:54:00:4a:37:ee -j ACCEPT
/usr/local/sbin/arptables -A FORWARD --src-ip 192.168.0.173 --src-mac 52:54:00:4a:37:ee -j ACCEPT
/usr/local/sbin/arptables -A FORWARD --src-ip 192.168.0.1 --src-mac 00:3c:50:20:18:9e -j ACCEPT
/usr/local/sbin/arptables -A FORWARD --src-ip 192.168.0.11 --src-mac 00:13:20:61:45:00 -j ACCEPT
/usr/local/sbin/arptables -A FORWARD -j DROP

chmod +x arptables.sh

限制带宽

限制vnet0的下行带宽为50kbit

/sbin/tc qdisc add dev vnet0 root tbf rate 50kbit latency 50ms burst 1000

增加硬盘

增加一个400G的磁盘

dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/os/vdisk2.img bs=1M seek=409600 count=0

vi vdisk.xml

<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' device='qcow2'/>
<source file='/home/os/vdisk5.img'/>
<target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>
</disk>

服务器启动时自动启动domain

virsh autostart domain-name

关机

virsh destroy domain-name

开机

virsh start domain-domain

挂起(暂停)

virsh suspend domain-domain

恢复

virsh resume domain-domain