Android Http请求方法汇总

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这篇文章主要实现了在Android中使用JDK的HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源，服务端采用python+flask编写，使用Servlet太麻烦了。关于Http协议的相关知识，可以在网上查看相关资料。代码比较简单，就不详细解释了。

1. 使用JDK中HttpURLConnection访问网络资源

(1)get请求

01public String executeHttpGet() {
02        String result = null;
03        URL url = null;
04        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
05        InputStreamReader in = null;
06        try {
07            url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou");
08            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
09            in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());
10            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in);
11            StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
12            String line = null;
13            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
14                strBuffer.append(line);
15            }
16            result = strBuffer.toString();
17        } catch (Exception e) {
18            e.printStackTrace();
19        } finally {
20            if (connection != null) {
21                connection.disconnect();
22            }
23            if (in != null) {
24                try {
25                    in.close();
26                } catch (IOException e) {
27                    e.printStackTrace();
28                }
29            }
30 
31        }
32        return result;
33    }

注意：因为是通过android模拟器访问本地pc服务端，所以不能使用localhost和127.0.0.1，使用127.0.0.1会访问模拟器自身。Android系统为实现通信将PC的IP设置为10.0.2.2

(2)post请求

01public String executeHttpPost() {
02        String result = null;
03        URL url = null;
04        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
05        InputStreamReader in = null;
06        try {
07            url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/");
08            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
09            connection.setDoInput(true);
10            connection.setDoOutput(true);
11            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
12            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
13            connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8");
14            DataOutputStream dop = new DataOutputStream(
15                    connection.getOutputStream());
16            dop.writeBytes("token=alexzhou");
17            dop.flush();
18            dop.close();
19 
20            in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());
21            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in);
22            StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
23            String line = null;
24            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
25                strBuffer.append(line);
26            }
27            result = strBuffer.toString();
28        } catch (Exception e) {
29            e.printStackTrace();
30        } finally {
31            if (connection != null) {
32                connection.disconnect();
33            }
34            if (in != null) {
35                try {
36                    in.close();
37                } catch (IOException e) {
38                    e.printStackTrace();
39                }
40            }
41 
42        }
43        return result;
44    }

如果参数中有中文的话，可以使用下面的方式进行编码解码：

1URLEncoder.encode("测试","utf-8")
2URLDecoder.decode("测试","utf-8");

2.使用Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源
(1)get请求

01public String executeGet() {
02        String result = null;
03        BufferedReader reader = null;
04        try {
05            HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
06            HttpGet request = new HttpGet();
07            request.setURI(new URI(
08                    "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou"));
09            HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
10            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response
11                    .getEntity().getContent()));
12 
13            StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("");
14            String line = null;
15            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
16                strBuffer.append(line);
17            }
18            result = strBuffer.toString();
19 
20        } catch (Exception e) {
21            e.printStackTrace();
22        } finally {
23            if (reader != null) {
24                try {
25                    reader.close();
26                    reader = null;
27                } catch (IOException e) {
28                    e.printStackTrace();
29                }
30            }
31        }
32 
33        return result;
34    }

（2）post请求

01public String executePost() {
02        String result = null;
03        BufferedReader reader = null;
04        try {
05            HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
06            HttpPost request = new HttpPost();
07            request.setURI(new URI("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/"));
08            List<NameValuePair> postParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
09            postParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("token", "alexzhou"));
10            UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(
11                    postParameters);
12            request.setEntity(formEntity);
13 
14            HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
15            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response
16                    .getEntity().getContent()));
17 
18            StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("");
19            String line = null;
20            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
21                strBuffer.append(line);
22            }
23            result = strBuffer.toString();
24 
25        } catch (Exception e) {
26            e.printStackTrace();
27        } finally {
28            if (reader != null) {
29                try {
30                    reader.close();
31                    reader = null;
32                } catch (IOException e) {
33                    e.printStackTrace();
34                }
35            }
36        }
37 
38        return result;
39    }

3.服务端代码实现
上面是采用两种方式的get和post请求的代码，下面来实现服务端的代码编写，使用python+flask真的非常的简单，就一个文件，前提是你得搭建好python+flask的环境，代码如下：

01#coding=utf-8
02 
03import json
04from flask import Flask,request,render_template
05 
06app = Flask(__name__)
07 
08def send_ok_json(data=None):
09    if not data:
10        data = {}
11    ok_json = {'ok':True,'reason':'','data':data}
12    return json.dumps(ok_json)
13 
14@app.route('/data/get/',methods=['GET'])
15def data_get():
16    token = request.args.get('token')
17    ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'get')
18    return send_ok_json(ret)
19 
20@app.route('/data/post/',methods=['POST'])
21def data_post():
22    token = request.form.get('token')
23    ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'post')
24    return send_ok_json(ret)
25 
26if __name__ == "__main__":
27    app.run(host="localhost",port=8888,debug=True)

运行服务器，如图：

4. 编写单元测试代码
右击项目：new–》Source Folder取名tests，包名是：com.alexzhou.androidhttp.test（随便取，没有要求），结构如图：

在该包下创建测试类HttpTest，继承自AndroidTestCase。编写这四种方式的测试方法，代码如下:

01public class HttpTest extends AndroidTestCase {
02 
03    @Override
04    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
05        Log.e("HttpTest", "setUp");
06    }
07 
08    @Override
09    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
10        Log.e("HttpTest", "tearDown");
11    }
12 
13    public void testExecuteGet() {
14        Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteGet");
15        HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
16        String result = client.executeGet();
17        Log.e("HttpTest", result);
18    }
19 
20    public void testExecutePost() {
21        Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecutePost");
22        HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
23        String result = client.executePost();
24        Log.e("HttpTest", result);
25    }
26 
27    public void testExecuteHttpGet() {
28        Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpGet");
29        HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
30        String result = client.executeHttpGet();
31        Log.e("HttpTest", result);
32    }
33 
34    public void testExecuteHttpPost() {
35        Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpPost");
36        HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
37        String result = client.executeHttpPost();
38        Log.e("HttpTest", result);
39    }
40}

附上HttpClientTest.java的其他代码：

01public class HttpClientTest {
02 
03    private static final Object mSyncObject = new Object();
04    private static HttpClientTest mInstance;
05 
06    private HttpClientTest() {
07 
08    }
09 
10    public static HttpClientTest getInstance() {
11        synchronized (mSyncObject) {
12            if (mInstance != null) {
13                return mInstance;
14            }
15            mInstance = new HttpClientTest();
16        }
17        return mInstance;
18    }
19 
20  /**...上面的四个方法...*/
21}

现在还需要修改Android项目的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml，添加网络访问权限和单元测试的配置，AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的全部代码如下：

01<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
02    package="com.alexzhou.androidhttp"
03    android:versionCode="1"
04    android:versionName="1.0" >
05 
06    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
07 
08    <uses-sdk
09        android:minSdkVersion="8"
10        android:targetSdkVersion="15" />
11 
12    <application
13        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
14        android:label="@string/app_name"
15        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
16        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
17 
18        <activity
19            android:name=".MainActivity"
20            android:label="@string/title_activity_main" >
21            <intent-filter>
22                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
23 
24                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
25            </intent-filter>
26        </activity>
27    </application>
28 
29    <instrumentation
30        android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
31        android:targetPackage="com.alexzhou.androidhttp" />
32 
33</manifest>

注意：
android:name=”android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”这部分不用更改
android:targetPackage=”com.alexzhou.androidhttp”，填写应用程序的包名

5.测试结果
展开测试类HttpTest，依次选中这四个测试方法，右击：Run As–》Android Junit Test。
(1)运行testExecuteHttpGet，结果如图：
(2)运行testExecuteHttpPost，结果如图：
(3)运行testExecuteGet，结果如图：
(4)运行testExecutePost，结果如图：

转载请注明来自：Alex Zhou，本文链接：http://codingnow.cn/android/723.html