Windows 操作系统产品支持的最大内存
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Memory Limits for Windows Releases
This topic describes memory limits for supported Windows releases:
- Memory and Address Space Limits
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows 7
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2008 R2
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2008
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows Vista
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows Home Server
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2003 R2
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 2 (SP2)
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 (SP1)
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2003
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows XP
- Physical Memory Limits: Windows Embedded
- How graphics cards and other devices affect memory limits
Limits on memory and address space vary by platform, operating system, and by whether the IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE value of the LOADED_IMAGE structure and 4-gigabyte tuning (4GT) are in use. IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE is set or cleared by using the /LARGEADDRESSAWARE linker option.
4-gigabyte tuning (4GT), also known as application memory tuning, or the /3GB switch, is a technology (only applicable to 32 bit systems) that alters the amount of virtual address space available to user mode applications. Enabling this technology reduces the overall size of the system virtual address space and therefore system resource maximums. For more information, see What is 4GT.
Limits on physical memory for 32-bit platforms also depend on the Physical Address Extension (PAE), which allows 32-bit Windows systems to use more than 4 GB of physical memory.
Memory and Address Space Limits
The following table specifies the limits on memory and address space for supported releases of Windows. Unless otherwise noted, the limits in this table apply to all supported releases.
User-mode virtual address space for each 32-bit process
2 GB
Up to 3 GB with IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE and 4GT
2 GB with IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE cleared (default)
4 GB with IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE set
User-mode virtual address space for each 64-bit process
Not applicable
With IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE set (default):
x64: 8 TB
Intel Itanium-based systems: 7 TB
2 GB with IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE cleared
Kernel-mode virtual address space
2 GB
From 1 GB to a maximum of 2 GB with 4GT
8 TB
Paged pool
Limited by available kernel-mode virtual address space or the PagedPoolLimit registry key value.
Windows Vista and above: Limited only by kernel mode virtual address space. Starting with Windows Vista with Service Pack 1 (SP1), the paged pool can also be limited by the PagedPoolLimit registry key value.
Windows Home Server and Windows Server 2003: 530 MB
Windows XP: 490 MB
128 GB
Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP: Up to 128 GB depending on configuration and RAM.
Nonpaged pool
Limited by available kernel-mode virtual address space, the NonPagedPoolLimit registry key value, or physical memory.
Windows Vista: Limited only by kernel mode virtual address space and physical memory. Starting with Windows Vista with SP1, the nonpaged pool can also be limited by the NonPagedPoolLimit registry key value.
Windows Home Server, Windows Server 2003, and Windows XP: 256 MB, or 128 MB with 4GT.
75% of RAM up to a maximum of 128 GB
Windows Vista: 40% of RAM up to a maximum of 128 GB.
Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP: Up to 128 GB depending on configuration and RAM.
System cache virtual address space (physical size limited only by physical memory)
Limited by available kernel-mode virtual address space or the SystemCacheLimit registry key value.
Windows Vista: Limited only by kernel mode virtual address space. Starting with Windows Vista with SP1, system cache virtual address space can also be limited by the SystemCacheLimit registry key value.
Windows Home Server, Windows Server 2003, and Windows XP: 860 MB with LargeSystemCache registry key set and without 4GT; up to 448 MB with 4GT.
Always 1 TB regardless of physical RAM
Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP: Up to 1 TB depending on configuration and RAM.
Physical Memory Limits: Windows 7
The following table specifies the limits on physical memory for Windows 7.
4 GB
192 GB
Windows 7 Enterprise4 GB
192 GB
Windows 7 Professional4 GB
192 GB
Windows 7 Home Premium4 GB
16 GB
Windows 7 Home Basic4 GB
8 GB
Windows 7 Starter2 GB
N/A
Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2008 R2
The following table specifies the limits on physical memory for Windows Server 2008 R2. Windows Server 2008 R2 is available only in 64-bit editions.
2 TB
Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise2 TB
Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-Based Systems2 TB
Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation8 GB
Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard32 GB
Windows HPC Server 2008 R2128 GB
Windows Web Server 2008 R232 GB
Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2008
The following table specifies the limits on physical memory for Windows Server 2008. Limits greater than 4 GB for 32-bit Windows assume that PAE is enabled.
64 GB
1 TB
Windows Server 2008 Enterprise64 GB
1 TB
Windows Server 2008 HPC Edition128 GB
Windows Server 2008 Standard4 GB
32 GB
Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems2 TB
Windows Small Business Server 20084 GB
32 GB
Windows Web Server 20084 GB
32 GB
Physical Memory Limits: Windows Vista
The following table specifies the limits on physical memory for Windows Vista.
4 GB
128 GB
Windows Vista Enterprise4 GB
128 GB
Windows Vista Business4 GB
128 GB
Windows Vista Home Premium4 GB
16 GB
Windows Vista Home Basic4 GB
8 GB
Windows Vista Starter1 GB
Physical Memory Limits: Windows Home Server
Windows Home Server is available only in a 32-bit edition. The physical memory limit is 4 GB.
Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2003 R2
The following table specifies the limits on physical memory for Windows Server 2003 R2. Limits over 4 GB for 32-bit Windows assume that PAE is enabled.
Windows Server 2003 R2 Datacenter Edition
64 GB
(16 GB with 4GT)
1 TB
Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition
64 GB
(16 GB with 4GT)
1 TB
Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard Edition
4 GB
32 GB
Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 2 (SP2)
The following table specifies the limits on physical memory for Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 2 (SP2). Limits over 4 GB for 32-bit Windows assume that PAE is enabled.
Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 2 (SP2), Datacenter Edition
64 GB
(16 GB with 4GT)
1 TB
2 TB
Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 2 (SP2), Enterprise Edition
64 GB
1 TB
2 TB
Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 2 (SP2), Standard Edition
4 GB
32 GB
Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 (SP1)
The following table specifies the limits on physical memory for Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 (SP1). Limits over 4 GB for 32-bit Windows assume that PAE is enabled.
Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 (SP1), Datacenter Edition
64 GB
(16 GB with 4GT)
X64 1 TB
1 TB
Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 (SP1), Enterprise Edition
64 GB
(16 GB with 4GT)
X64 1 TB
1 TB
Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 (SP1), Standard Edition
4 GB
32 GB
Physical Memory Limits: Windows Server 2003
The following table specifies the limits on physical memory for Windows Server 2003. Limits over 4 GB for 32-bit Windows assume that PAE is enabled.
Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition
64 GB
(16 GB with 4GT)
512 GB
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition
64 GB
(16 GB with 4GT)
512 GB
Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition
4 GB
Windows Server 2003, Web Edition
2 GB
Windows Small Business Server 2003
4 GB
Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003
32 GB
Windows Storage Server 2003, Enterprise Edition
8 GB
Windows Storage Server 2003
4 GB
Physical Memory Limits: Windows XP
The following table specifies the limits on physical memory for Windows XP.
4 GB
128 GB
128 GB (not supported)
Windows XP Starter Edition512 MB
N/A
N/A
Physical Memory Limits: Windows Embedded
The following table specifies the limits on physical memory for Windows Embedded.
Windows XP Embedded
4 GB
Windows Embedded Standard 2009
4 GB
Windows Embedded Standard 7
4 GB
192 GB
How graphics cards and other devices affect memory limits
Devices have to map their memory below 4 GB for compatibility with non-PAE-aware Windows releases. Therefore, if the system has 4GB of RAM, some of it is either disabled or is remapped above 4GB by the BIOS. If the memory is remapped, X64 Windows can use this memory. X86 client versions of Windows don't support physical memory above the 4GB mark, so they can't access these remapped regions. Any X64 Windows or X86 Server release can.
X86 client versions with PAE enabled do have a usable 37-bit (128 GB) physical address space. The limit that these versions impose is the highest permitted physical RAM address, not the size of the IO space. That means PAE-aware drivers can actually use physical space above 4 GB if they want. For example, drivers could map the "lost" memory regions located above 4 GB and expose this memory as a RAM disk.
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