java_web学习第七天(jsp技术)

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jsp技术1.jsp:java server pages,是sun公司定义的一种用来开发动态web资源的技术。servlet也是用于开发动态web资源的技术。jsp和servlet都是用于开发动态web:1.在servlet中对数据进行美化展示比较麻烦,但是适合编写大量的java代码。2.在jsp页面中不适合编写大量的java代码,但是做数据美化比较方便,写jsp类似写html代码。所以:jsp:页面的展示。servlet:数据的处理。jsp中的两门技术:EL表达式。JSTL标签两种技术是解决jsp中不写java代码的技术。jsp的调用和运行原理:当我们访问一个jsp页面时候,其实是访问servlet,因为容器会将这个jsp页面翻译成servlet.
在servlet中:
RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/1.jsp");requestDispatcher.forward(req, resp);
显示1jsp页面,在tomcat容器中,容器将这个1.jsp翻译成:
package org.apache.jsp.WEB_002dINF.jsp;import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.*;import javax.servlet.jsp.*;import java.util.*;public final class _1_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase    implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {  private static final JspFactory _jspxFactory = JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();  private static java.util.List _jspx_dependants;  private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;  private org.apache.AnnotationProcessor _jsp_annotationprocessor;  public Object getDependants() {    return _jspx_dependants;  }  public void _jspInit() {    _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();    _jsp_annotationprocessor = (org.apache.AnnotationProcessor) getServletConfig().getServletContext().getAttribute(org.apache.AnnotationProcessor.class.getName());  }  public void _jspDestroy() {  }  public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)        throws java.io.IOException, ServletException {    PageContext pageContext = null;    HttpSession session = null;    ServletContext application = null;    ServletConfig config = null;    JspWriter out = null;    Object page = this;    JspWriter _jspx_out = null;    PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;    try {      response.setContentType("text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1");      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,      null, true, 8192, true);      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;      application = pageContext.getServletContext();      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();      session = pageContext.getSession();      out = pageContext.getOut();      _jspx_out = out;      out.write('\r');      out.write('\n');String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";      out.write("\r\n");      out.write("\r\n");      out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");      out.write("<html>\r\n");      out.write("  <head>\r\n");      out.write("    <base href=\"");      out.print(basePath);      out.write("\">\r\n");      out.write("    \r\n");      out.write("  </head>\r\n");      out.write("  \r\n");      out.write("  <body>\r\n");      out.write("    This is my JSP page. <br>\r\n");      out.write("    \r\n");      out.write("    \r\n");      out.write("    ");    Date date = new Date();    out.write(date.toLocaleString());          out.write("\r\n");      out.write("  </body>\r\n");      out.write("</html>\r\n");    } catch (Throwable t) {      if (!(t instanceof SkipPageException)){        out = _jspx_out;        if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)          try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}        if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);      }    } finally {      _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);    }  }}

继承的这个类(org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase)的源码是:
/* * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at *  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 *  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */package org.apache.jasper.runtime;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage;import javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory;import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer;/** * This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets. * * @author Anil K. Vijendran */public abstract class HttpJspBase     extends HttpServlet     implements HttpJspPage             {        protected HttpJspBase() {    }    public final void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException     {        super.init(config);jspInit();        _jspInit();    }        public String getServletInfo() {return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info");    }    public final void destroy() {jspDestroy();_jspDestroy();    }    /**     * Entry point into service.     */    public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException     {        _jspService(request, response);    }        public void jspInit() {    }    public void _jspInit() {    }    public void jspDestroy() {    }    protected void _jspDestroy() {    }    public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request,      HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException;}

这个类继承了HttpServlet,可见容器是将jsp页面翻译成了servlet,然后进行展示。
服务器给客户端返回的数据是:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="http://localhost:8080/Servlet/">      </head>    <body>    This is my JSP page. <br>            2013-9-10 14:58:43  </body></html>

原理是在1_jsp.java中调用out流对象输出(编写的java代码原封输出):
      out.write("\r\n");      out.write("\r\n");      out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");      out.write("<html>\r\n");      out.write("  <head>\r\n");      out.write("    <base href=\"");      out.print(basePath);      out.write("\">\r\n");      out.write("    \r\n");      out.write("  </head>\r\n");      out.write("  \r\n");      out.write("  <body>\r\n");      out.write("    This is my JSP page. <br>\r\n");      out.write("    \r\n");      out.write("    \r\n");      out.write("    ");    Date date = new Date();    out.write(date.toLocaleString());          out.write("\r\n");      out.write("  </body>\r\n");      out.write("</html>\r\n");在jsp页面中我们可以调用out流对象,还有:    request    response    PageContext pageContext = null;    HttpSession session = null;    ServletContext application = null;    ServletConfig config = null;    JspWriter out = null;    Object page = this;    JspWriter _jspx_out = null;    PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;    
JSP语法:eclipse中修改jsp模板(在eclipse中搜索Servlet.java,然后在同目录中的jsp中修改模板)1.jsp模板元素jsp页面中的html内容称之为jsp的模板元素。jsp模板元素定义了网页的基本骨架,即定义了jsp页面的结构和外观。2.jsp脚本表达式。<%= %>:作用是用于向浏览器输出内容。翻译成:out.print();3.脚本片段<% %> :嵌入代码,将代码原封不动的输出。4.jsp声明:<%! %:定义的方法、属性,变量,是在service方法的外面。5.jsp注释<%-- --%>:jsp注释不会把内容打给浏览器,而html的注释会把内容打给浏览器。6.jsp指令(告诉tomcat如何处理这个jsp页面)page指令include指令taglib指令jsp中的九大隐式对象:request        HttpServletRequestresponse       HttpServletResponseconfig       ServletConfigapplication    ServletContextexception      Throwablesession        HttpSessionpage           this(翻译完的Servlet对象)out            JspWriter  pageContext    PageContextpageContext对象是JSP技术中最重要的一个对象,它代表JSP页面的运行环境,该对象提供了三个功能获得其他8个隐式对象作为域对象存储数据,被称为page域提供了一些常用操作,forward请求转发、include包含web开发接触到了4个域对象:(之所以他们是域对象,原因就是他们都内置了map集合,都有setAttribute getAttribute方法。)pageContext(称之为page域) PageContextrequest(称之为request域)HttpServletRequestsession(称之为session域)HttpSessionapplication(称之为application域)ServletContext代表各个域的常量APPLICATION_SCOPE、SESSION_SCOPE、REQUEST_SCOPE、PAGE_SCOPE Web开发中的四个域对象:  由范围小到大:page(jsp有效)        request(一次请求)       session(一次会话)       application(当前web应用)  page域指的是pageContext.  request域指的是request HttpServletRequest session 域指的是 session HTTPSession  application 域指的是 application ServletContext 之所以他们是域对象,原因就是他们都内置了map集合,都有setAttribute getAttribute方法。 他们都有自己固定的生命周期和作用域。      这4个对象的生命周期:page:jsp页面被执行,生命周期开始,jsp页面执行完毕,声明周期结束  request:用户发送一个请求,开始,服务器返回响应,请求结束,生命周期结束  session:用户打开浏览器访问,创建session(开始),session超时或被声明失效,该对象生命周期结束  application:web应用加载的时候创建。Web应用被移除或服务器关闭,对象销毁。[结束]。    Page只在当前jsp有效,每次请求风别对应不同的request.  Request,只在当前请求有效,每次请求分别对应不同的request域 Session只在一次会话中有效,会话结束就无法取到数据了。   四个域对象在选择的时候,能用范围小的绝不用范围大的  page:数据只是暂时存在集合,在jsp页面的其他地方要用,用page(页面中自定义的map)  (什么时候需要用map了,就用page)  Request:数据只是做显示的,看完了就没用了。就存request域,请求转发,Servlet产生的处理结果(数据)交给jsp显示。    数据转发可以带数据。 Session:数据给用户看完了,一定还要用,会话结束了就没用了  用户登录,用户信息发给客户端看,看完了,一会访问别的页面还要看用户信息。  购物车,购物车成功了,给用户看购物车,待会随时间可以查看购物车  请求重定向,因为是两次请求,每一次请求的数据,第二次请求还要看。 application:数据给一个用户用完了,别人还要用  聊天室,聊天记录,需要给所有的用户看  统计网站在线人数,所有看到的应该是一个数   总结:需要定义Map不如用page,请求转发Servlet,带给jsp的数据存request请求重定向带过去的数据存Session,全局的数据存application。    在自定义标签中,只要将pageContext传出去,这样在自定义标签中就可以或得其他的八大隐式对象。而不需要将所有的对象传过去。
	
				
		
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