对高级linux用户有用的20个命令

来源：互联网发布：ps软件错误16 编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/11 23:06

41. Command: ifconfig

ifconfig is used to configure the kernel-resident network interfaces. It is used at boot time to set up interfaces as necessary. After that, it is usually only needed when debugging or when system tuning is needed.

Check Active Network Interfaces

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 40:2C:F4:EA:CF:0E            inet addr:192.168.1.3  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0           inet6 addr: fe80::422c:f4ff:feea:cf0e/64 Scope:Link           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:163843 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:124990 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000           RX bytes:154389832 (147.2 MiB)  TX bytes:65085817 (62.0 MiB)           Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000 lo        Link encap:Local Loopback            inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1           RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0           RX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB)  TX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB)

Check All Network Interfaces

Display details of All interfaces including disabled interfaces using “-a” argument.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig -aeth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 40:2C:F4:EA:CF:0E            inet addr:192.168.1.3  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0           inet6 addr: fe80::422c:f4ff:feea:cf0e/64 Scope:Link           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:163843 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:124990 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000           RX bytes:154389832 (147.2 MiB)  TX bytes:65085817 (62.0 MiB)           Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000 lo        Link encap:Local Loopback            inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1           RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0           RX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB)  TX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB) virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 0e:30:a3:3a:bf:03            inet addr:192.168.122.1  Bcast:192.168.122.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0           RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

Disable an Interface

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 down

Enable an Interface

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 up

Assign IP Address to an Interface

Assign “192.168.1.12″ as the IP address for the interface eth0.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.12

Change Subnet Mask of Interface eth0

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.

Change Broadcast Address of Interface eth0

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 broadcast 192.168.1.255

Assign IP Address, Netmask and Broadcast to Interface eth0

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.12 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255

Note: If using a wireless network you need to use command “iwconfig“. For more “ifconfig” command examples and usage, read 15 Useful “ifconfig” Commands.

42. Command: netstat

netstat command displays various network related information such as network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, multicast memberships etc..,

List All Network Ports

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ netstat -aActive UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Pathunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     741379   /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/gpgunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     8965     /var/run/acpid.socketunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     18584    /tmp/.X11-unix/X0unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     741385   /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/sshunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     741387   /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/pkcs11unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     20242    @/tmp/dbus-ghtTjuPN46unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     13332    /var/run/samba/winbindd_privileged/pipeunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     13331    /tmp/.winbindd/pipeunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     11030    /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sockunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     19308    /tmp/ssh-qnZadSgJAbqd/agent.3221unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     436781   /tmp/HotShotsunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     46110    /run/user/ravisaive/pulse/nativeunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     19310    /tmp/gpg-zfE9YT/S.gpg-agent....

List All TCP Ports

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ netstat -atActive Internet connections (servers and established)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      tcp        0      0 localhost:mysql         *:*                     LISTEN     tcp        0      0 *:5901                  *:*                     LISTEN     tcp        0      0 *:5902                  *:*                     LISTEN     tcp        0      0 *:x11-1                 *:*                     LISTEN     tcp        0      0 *:x11-2                 *:*                     LISTEN     tcp        0      0 *:5938                  *:*                     LISTEN     tcp        0      0 localhost:5940          *:*                     LISTEN     tcp        0      0 ravisaive-OptiPl:domain *:*                     LISTEN     tcp        0      0 ravisaive-OptiPl:domain *:*                     LISTEN     tcp        0      0 localhost:ipp           *:*                     LISTEN     tcp        0      0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48270 ec2-23-21-236-70.c:http ESTABLISHEDtcp        0      0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48272 ec2-23-21-236-70.c:http TIME_WAIT  tcp        0      0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48421 bom03s01-in-f22.1:https ESTABLISHEDtcp        0      0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48269 ec2-23-21-236-70.c:http ESTABLISHEDtcp        0      0 ravisaive-OptiPle:39084 channel-ecmp-06-f:https ESTABLISHED...

Show Statistics for All Ports

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ netstat -sIp:    4994239 total packets received    0 forwarded    0 incoming packets discarded    4165741 incoming packets delivered    3248924 requests sent out    8 outgoing packets droppedIcmp:    29460 ICMP messages received    566 input ICMP message failed.    ICMP input histogram:        destination unreachable: 98        redirects: 29362    2918 ICMP messages sent    0 ICMP messages failed    ICMP output histogram:        destination unreachable: 2918IcmpMsg:        InType3: 98        InType5: 29362        OutType3: 2918Tcp:    94533 active connections openings    23 passive connection openings    5870 failed connection attempts    7194 connection resets received....

OK! For some reason if you want not to resolve host, port and user name as a output of netstat.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ netstat -an

Fine, you may need to get the output of netstat continuously till interrupt instruction is passed (ctrl+c).

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ netstat -c

For more “netstat” command examples and usage, see the article 20 Netstat Command Examples.

43. Command: nslookup

A network utility program used to obtain information about Internet servers. As its name suggests, the utility finds name server information for domains by querying DNS.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup tecmint.com Server:192.168.1.1 Address:192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name:tecmint.com Address: 50.16.67.239

Query Mail Exchanger Record

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup -query=mx tecmint.com Server:192.168.1.1 Address:192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: tecmint.commail exchanger = 0 smtp.secureserver.net. tecmint.commail exchanger = 10 mailstore1.secureserver.net. Authoritative answers can be found from:

Query Name Server

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup -type=ns tecmint.com Server:192.168.1.1 Address:192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: tecmint.comnameserver = ns3404.com. tecmint.comnameserver = ns3403.com. Authoritative answers can be found from:

Query DNS Record

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup -type=any tecmint.com Server:192.168.1.1 Address:192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: tecmint.commail exchanger = 10 mailstore1.secureserver.net. tecmint.commail exchanger = 0 smtp.secureserver.net. tecmint.comnameserver = ns06.domaincontrol.com. tecmint.comnameserver = ns3404.com. tecmint.comnameserver = ns3403.com. tecmint.comnameserver = ns05.domaincontrol.com. Authoritative answers can be found from:

Query Start of Authority

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup -type=soa tecmint.com Server:192.168.1.1 Address:192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: tecmint.com origin = ns3403.hostgator.com mail addr = dnsadmin.gator1702.hostgator.com serial = 2012081102 refresh = 86400 retry = 7200 expire = 3600000 minimum = 86400 Authoritative answers can be found from:

Query Port Number

Change the port number using which you want to connect

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup -port 56 tecmint.comServer:tecmint.comAddress:50.16.76.239#53Name:56Address: 14.13.253.12

44. Command: dig

dig is a tool for querying DNS nameservers for information about host addresses, mail exchanges, nameservers, and related information. This tool can be used from any Linux (Unix) orMacintosh OS X operating system. The most typical use of dig is to simply query a single host.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ dig tecmint.com; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> tecmint.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<

Turn Off Comment Lines

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ dig tecmint.com +nocomments ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> tecmint.com +nocomments ;; global options: +cmd ;tecmint.com.INA tecmint.com.14400INA40.216.66.239 ;; Query time: 418 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1) ;; WHEN: Sat Jun 29 13:53:22 2013 ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 45

Turn Off Authority Section

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ dig tecmint.com +noauthority ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> tecmint.com +noauthority ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<

Turn Off Additional Section

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ dig  tecmint.com +noadditional ; <<>> DiG 9.9.2-P1 <<>> tecmint.com +noadditional;; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<

Turn Off Stats Section

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ dig tecmint.com +nostats ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> tecmint.com +nostats ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<

Turn Off Answer Section

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ dig tecmint.com +noanswer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> tecmint.com +noanswer ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<

Disable All Section at Once

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ dig tecmint.com +noall ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> tecmint.com +noall ;; global options: +cmd

Read Also : 10 Linux Dig Command Examples

45. Command: uptime

You have just connected to your Linux Server Machine and founds Something unusual or malicious, what you will do? Guessing…. NO, definitely not you could run uptime to verify what happened actually when the server was unattended.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ uptime14:37:10 up  4:21,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.04

46. Command: wall

one of the most important command for administrator, wall sends a message to everybody logged in with their mesg permission set to “yes“. The message can be given as an argument towall, or it can be sent to wall’s standard input.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ wall "we will be going down for maintenance for one hour sharply at 03:30 pm"Broadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain (pts/0) (Sat Jun 29 14:44:02 2013): we will be going down for maintenance for one hour sharply at 03:30 pm

47. command: mesg

Lets you control if people can use the “write” command, to send text to you over the screen.

mesg [n|y]n - prevents the message from others popping up on the screen.y – Allows messages to appear on your screen.

48. Command: write

Let you send text directly to the screen of another Linux machine if ‘mesg’ is ‘y’.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ write ravisaive

49. Command: talk

An enhancement to write command, talk command lets you talk to the logged in users.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ talk ravisaive

Note: If talk command is not installed, you can always apt or yum the required packages.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ yum install talkOR[avishek@tecmint ~]$ apt-get install talk

50. Command: w

what command ‘w’ seems you funny? But actually it is not. t’s a command, even if it’s just one letter long! The command “w” is a combination of uptime and who commands given one immediately after the other, in that order.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ w15:05:42 up  4:49,  3 users,  load average: 0.02, 0.01, 0.00 USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT server   tty7     :0               14:06    4:43m  1:42   0.08s pam: gdm-passwo server   pts/0    :0.0             14:18    0.00s  0.23s  1.65s gnome-terminal server   pts/1    :0.0             14:47    4:43   0.01s  0.01s bash

51. Command: rename

As the name suggests, this command rename files. rename will rename the specified files by replacing the first occurrence from the file name.

Give the file names a1, a2, a3, a4.....1213

Just type the command.

 rename a1 a0 a? rename a1 a0 a??

52. Command: top

Displays the processes of CPU. This command refresh automatically, by default and continues to show CPU processes unless interrupt-instruction is given.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ toptop - 14:06:45 up 10 days, 20:57,  2 users,  load average: 0.10, 0.16, 0.21Tasks: 240 total,   1 running, 235 sleeping,   0 stopped,   4 zombie%Cpu(s):  2.0 us,  0.5 sy,  0.0 ni, 97.5 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 stKiB Mem:   2028240 total,  1777848 used,   250392 free,    81804 buffersKiB Swap:  3905532 total,   156748 used,  3748784 free,   381456 cached  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S  %CPU %MEM    TIME+ COMMAND                                                                                                            23768 ravisaiv  20   0 1428m 571m  41m S   2.3 28.9  14:27.52 firefox                                                                                                            24182 ravisaiv  20   0  511m 132m  25m S   1.7  6.7   2:45.94 plugin-containe                                                                                                    26929 ravisaiv  20   0  5344 1432  972 R   0.7  0.1   0:00.07 top                                                                                                                24875 ravisaiv  20   0  263m  14m  10m S   0.3  0.7   0:02.76 lxterminal                                                                                                             1 root      20   0  3896 1928 1228 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.62 init                                                                                                                   2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.06 kthreadd                                                                                                               3 root      20   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:17.28 ksoftirqd/0                                                                                                            5 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                                                                                                           7 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/u:0H                                                                                                           8 root      rt   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.12 migration/0                                                                                                            9 root      20   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                                                                                                                10 root      20   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:26.94 rcu_sched                                                                                                             11 root      rt   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.95 watchdog/0                                                                                                            12 root      rt   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:02.00 watchdog/1                                                                                                            13 root      20   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:17.80 ksoftirqd/1                                                                                                           14 root      rt   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.12 migration/1                                                                                                           16 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/1:0H                                                                                                          17 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 cpuset                                                                                                                18 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 khelper                                                                                                               19 root      20   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                                                                             20 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                                                                                 21 root      20   0     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.04 bdi-default                                                                                                           22 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kintegrityd                                                                                                           23 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kblockd                                                                                                               24 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 ata_sff

53. Command: mkfs.ext4

This command create a new ext4 file system on the specified device, if wrong device is followed after this command, the whole block will be wiped and formatted, hence it is suggested not to run this command unless and until you understand what you are doing.

Mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 (sda1 block will be formatted)mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 (sdb1 block will be formatted)

Read More: What is Ext4 and How to Create and Convert

54. Command: vi/emacs/nano

vi (visual), emacs, nano are some of the most commonly used editors in Linux. They are used oftenly to edit text, configuration,… files. A quick guide to work around vi and nano is, emacs is a.

vi-editor

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ touch a.txt (creates a text file a.txt) [avishek@tecmint ~]$ vi a.txt (open a.txt with vi editor)

[press ‘i’ to enter insert mode, or you won’t be able to type-in anything]

echo "Hello"  (your text here for the file)

alt+x (exit insert mode, remember to keep some space between the last letter.
ctrl+x command or your last word will be deleted).
:wq! (saves the file, with the current text, remember ‘!’ is to override).

nano editor

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nano a.txt (open a.txt file to be edited with nano)

edit, with the content, required

ctrl +x (to close the editor). It will show output as:

Save modified buffer (ANSWERING "No" WILL DESTROY CHANGES) ?                     Y Yes  N No           ^C Cancel

Click ‘y’ to yes and enter file name, and you are done.

55. Command: rsync

Rsync copies files and has a -P switch for a progress bar. So if you have rsync installed, you could use a simple alias.

alias cp='rsync -aP'

Now try to copy a large file in terminal and see the output with remaining items, similar to a progress bar.

Moreover, Keeping and Maintaining backup is one of the most important and boring work a system administrator, needs to perform. Rsync is a very nice tool (there exists, several other) to create and maintain backup, in terminal.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ rsync -zvr IMG_5267\ copy\=33\ copy\=ok.jpg ~/Desktop/ sending incremental file list IMG_5267 copy=33 copy=ok.jpg sent 2883830 bytes  received 31 bytes  5767722.00 bytes/sec total size is 2882771  speedup is 1.00

Note: -z for compression, -v for verbose and -r for recursive.

56. Command: free

Keeping track of memory and resources is as much important, as any other task performed by an administrator, and ‘free‘ command comes to rescue here.

Current Usage Status of Memory

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ free             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:       2028240    1788272     239968          0      69468     363716-/+ buffers/cache:    1355088     673152Swap:      3905532     157076    3748456

Tuned Output in KB, or MB, or GB

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ free -b             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:    2076917760 1838272512  238645248          0   71348224  372670464-/+ buffers/cache: 1394253824  682663936Swap:   3999264768  160845824 3838418944

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ free -k             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:       2028240    1801484     226756          0      69948     363704-/+ buffers/cache:    1367832     660408Swap:      3905532     157076    3748456

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ free -m             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:          1980       1762        218          0         68        355-/+ buffers/cache:       1338        641Swap:         3813        153       3660

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ free -g             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:             1          1          0          0          0          0-/+ buffers/cache:          1          0Swap:            3          0          3

Check Current Usage in Human Readable Format

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ free -h             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:          1.9G       1.7G       208M         0B        68M       355M-/+ buffers/cache:       1.3G       632MSwap:         3.7G       153M       3.6G

Check Status Contineously After Regular Interval

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ free -s 3             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:       2028240    1824096     204144          0      70708     364180-/+ buffers/cache:    1389208     639032Swap:      3905532     157076    3748456             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:       2028240    1824192     204048          0      70716     364212-/+ buffers/cache:    1389264     638976Swap:      3905532     157076    3748456

57. Command: mysqldump

Ok till now you would have understood what this command actually stands for, from the name of this command.mysqldump commands dumps (backups) all or a particular database data into a given a file.For example,

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > /home/server/Desktop/backupfile.sql

Note: mysqldump requires mysql to be running and correct password for authorisation. We have covered some useful “mysqldump” commands at Database Backup with mysqldump Command

58. Command: mkpasswd

Make a hard-to-guess, random password of the length as specified.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ mkpasswd -l 10zI4+Ybqfx9

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ mkpasswd -l 20 w0Pr7aqKk&hmbmqdrlmk

Note: -l 10 generates a random password of 10 characters while -l 20 generates a password of character 20, it could be set to anything to get desired result. This command is very useful and implemented in scripting language oftenly to generate random passwords. You might need toyum or apt the ‘expect’ package to use this command.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ yum install expect OR[avishek@tecmint ~]$ apt-get install expect

59. Command: paste

Merge two or more text files on lines using. Example. If the content of file1 was:

1 2 3 and file2 was: a b c d the resulting file3 would be: 1    a 2    b 3    c      d

60.Command: lsof

lsof stands for “list open files” and displays all the files that your system has currently opened. It’s very useful to figure out which processes uses a certain file, or to display all the files for a single process. Some useful 10 lsof Command examples, you might be interested in reading.

[avishek@tecmint ~]$ lsof COMMAND     PID   TID            USER   FD      TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF       NODE NAMEinit          1                  root  cwd       DIR        8,1     4096          2 /init          1                  root  rtd       DIR        8,1     4096          2 /init          1                  root  txt       REG        8,1   227432     395571 /sbin/initinit          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1    47080     263023 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.17.soinit          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1    42672     270178 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnss_nis-2.17.soinit          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1    87940     270187 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnsl-2.17.soinit          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1    30560     263021 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnss_compat-2.17.soinit          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1   124637     270176 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.17.soinit          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1  1770984     266166 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc-2.17.soinit          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1    30696     262824 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/librt-2.17.soinit          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1    34392     262867 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjson.so.0.1.0init          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1   296792     262889 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdbus-1.so.3.7.2init          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1    34168     262840 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnih-dbus.so.1.0.0init          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1    95616     262848 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnih.so.1.0.0init          1                  root  mem       REG        8,1   134376     270186 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-2.17.soinit          1                  root    0u      CHR        1,3      0t0       1035 /dev/nullinit          1                  root    1u      CHR        1,3      0t0       1035 /dev/nullinit          1                  root    2u      CHR        1,3      0t0       1035 /dev/nullinit          1                  root    3r     FIFO        0,8      0t0       1714 pipeinit          1                  root    4w     FIFO        0,8      0t0       1714 pipeinit          1                  root    5r     0000        0,9        0       6245 anon_inodeinit          1                  root    6r     0000        0,9        0       6245 anon_inodeinit          1                  root    7u     unix 0xf5e91f80      0t0       8192 @/com/ubuntu/upstartinit          1                  root    8w      REG        8,1     3916        394 /var/log/upstart/teamviewerd.log.1 (deleted)

This is not the end, a System Administrator does a lot of stuff, to provide you such a nice interface, upon which you work. System Administration is actually an art of learning and implementing in a very much perfect way. We will try to get you with all other necessary stuff which a linux professional must learn, linux in its basic actually itself, is a process of learning and learning. Your good words are always sought, which encourages us to put in more effort to give you a knowledgeable article. “Like and share Us, to help Us Spread”.