JSP+MySQL+Tomcat+Apache乱码解决一例

来源:互联网 发布:少年西游记网络破解版 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/16 15:23

本文以最常见的JSP+MySQL+Tomcat+Apache乱码解决为例,望能为你的环境配置起到抛砖引玉之效!

  乱码问题已历来已久,在开源环境下,乱码问题更是令程序员措手不及。本人在Unix(Freebsd)下的一次乱码经历可谓经典,故撰以此文以滋效尤!

  我将本次所遇乱码归为三类:

  1.页面字符乱码

  2.记录显示乱码

  3.request传递乱码

  以下将对上述三类乱码进行解析:

一.页面字符乱码:

  1.大小写不一致:

org.apache.jasper.JasperException: /top.jsp(1,1) Page directive: illegal to have multiple occurrences of contentType with different values (old: text/html;charset=gb2312, new: text/html;charset=GB2312)

  2.间隔不一致:

org.apache.jasper.JasperException: /top.jsp(1,1) Page directive: illegal to have multiple occurrences of contentType with different values (old: text/html; charset=GB2312, new: text/html;charset=GB2312)

*解决方案:

首先,在Apache中增加AddDefaultCharset GB2312或AddDefaultCharset GBK

其次,统一使用页面编码定义,如:<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=GB2312"%>

*注:GB2312为GBK之子集。

二.记录显示乱码:

  1.MySQL默人语言为latin1_swedish_ci,即拉丁语,所以取出的中文全是乱码。

*解决方案:

  1.将charset设为8859_1即:<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=8859_1"%>

  这个方法只能暂时缓解字符显示问题,并权益之计。因为8859_1为字节型字库,并非字型字库,故在非全角状态下,将出现半字乱码,表现为“?”。

  2.在数据库连接语句中加上?useUnicode=true;characterEncoding=GBK,如:
jdbc:mysql://localhost/dbname?useUnicode=true;characterEncoding=GBK

*注:一般教科书上都会加上localhost:3306,因为默认端口为3306,故可舍去!同时,请使用连接池的朋友注意,在注册xml文件时,是不可以单独出现“;”的,所以必须使用“&amp;”,即:jdbc:mysql://localhost/dbname?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=GBK。

  否则提示出错:

Parse Fatal Error at line 213 column 91: The reference to entity "characterEncoding" must end with the ';' delimiter.
org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: The reference to entity "characterEncoding" must
end with the ';' delimiter.
at org.apache.xerces.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(Un
known Source)

  也曾有人提意:在MySQL的my.ini文件中加入default-character-set=gbk,本人不赞同此法,因为这样破坏了原有的环境,除非这是MySQL的第一个站点。

三.request传递乱码:

  1.也许,此时你已经可以正常使用系统了,那么恭喜~乱码问题已经离开你了!但是,大伙通常都没那么走运,乱码问题依旧存在。也许,这时你向数据库添加了一条记录以测试系统,可是此时显示出的还是乱码。那么可以肯定是Request参数传递出错!那么先写个测试语句:<%= request.getParameter(“Para”) %>,OK,果然是乱。那么,现在有两种解决方法。

*解决方案:

  1.加上这条语句:request.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");
在一/两页上可行,但此法也非权益之计。

  2.注册SetCharacterEncodingFilter类:

  首先,编写SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java文件,代码如下:

package cn.com.jsp;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.UnavailableException;

public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    protected String encoding = null;
    protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null;
    protected boolean ignore = true;

    public void destroy() {
        this.encoding = null;
        this.filterConfig = null;
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
                         FilterChain chain) throws IOException,
            ServletException {

        // Conditionally select and set the character encoding to be used
        if (ignore || (request.getCharacterEncoding() == null)) {
            String encoding = selectEncoding(request);
            if (encoding != null) {
                request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
            }
        }

        // Pass control on to the next filter
        chain.doFilter(request, response);

    }

    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

        this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
        this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
        String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore");
        if (value == null) {
            this.ignore = true;
        } else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) {
            this.ignore = true;
        } else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("yes")) {
            this.ignore = true;
        } else {
            this.ignore = false;
        }

    }

    protected String selectEncoding(ServletRequest request) {
        return (this.encoding);
    }

}

  此文件为request过滤类,在全局编译前需进行注册。

  注册文件为:<%wwwroot%>/WEB-INF/web.xml。

  在此文件中加入如下代码即可:

<web-app>
  <display-name>wwwroot</display-name>
  <description>MySQL Test App</description>
  <filter>
    <filter-name>setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <display-name>setCharacterEncodingFilter</display-name>
    <description>setCharacterEncodingFilter</description>
    <filter-class>cn.com.jsp.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>GBK</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
……
</web-app>

  OK,现在可以编译你的SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java文件啦!

  至此,乱码将与你格格不入! 

 

****************************************************************************** ************

 如果是用JDBC连MYSQL的话,对于request传递乱码还可以自己转化一下
    public String codeToString(String str)
     {
             String s=str;
             try
             {
                     byte tempB[]=s.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");
                     s=new String(tempB);
                     return s;
             }
             catch(Exception e)
               {
                       return s;
               }
     }

原创粉丝点击