ramdisk 制作

来源：互联网发布：人物设计软件编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/04/26 21:51

ramdisk 制作：

1：内核支持：
其中主要修改3项，如下：
①、修改Bootoptions
Default kernel command string 这一项我设为空，让bootloader(u-boot,vivi)传入。

②、选上 Float point emulation ->
[ * ] NWFE math emnulaiton

③、修改Driver device ->
Block device ->
(4096)Default RAM disk size (kbytes)
改4096为8192

2：以下是摘自网上的，

制作空的ramdisk：
# dd if=/dev/zero of=ramdisk bs=1k count=8000
在本地目录下出现一个rmdisk的块文件
# losetup /dev/loop2 ramdisk
# mkfs.ext2 /dev/loop2
挂载ramdisk至/mnt下
# mount -t ext2 /dev/loop2 /mnt
㈢．准备lib库文件
# cd /mnt
# mkdir lib
# cd /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib
# for file in libc libcrypt libdl libm libpthread libresolv libutil
> do
> cp $file-*.so /mnt/lib
> cp -d $file.so.[*0-9] /mnt/lib
> done
# cp -d ld*.so* /mnt/lib

㈣．复制busybox文件至ramdisk中：
# cp –rf /busybox-1.2.2.1<script type="text/javascript"></script><script src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js" type="text/javascript"></script>/_install/* /mnt/
这样在ramdisk中就有：sbin linuxrc bin
㈤.
# umount /dev/loop2
# losetup -d /dev/loop2
# gzip -9 ramdisk

这样ramdisk.gz就制作好了。
# cp ramdisk.gz /tftpboot

基本上我也是如法炮制，不过我是直接拿上次nfs启动的文件系统的内容全部拷贝到这里，
注意拷贝链接文件时要加上参数-d，同时参阅了hh bbs上的说要
在ramdisk中建立console和null即可
cd /dev
mknod -m 660 console c 5 1
mknod -m 660 null c 1 3

同时我的文件名字叫做today.ramfs.gz

试验：在uboot中设置
setenv bootargs "console=ttySAC0 initrd=0x30800000,0x440000 root=/dev/ram init=/linuxrc"
或
setenv bootargs "console=ttySAC0 initrd=0x30800000,0x440000 root=/dev/rd/0 init=/linuxrc"
按Document/initrd.txt中说如果采用devfs，则应使用root=/dev/rd/0，如不采用，则用/dev/ram ，结果反复试验了一下，两个效果是一样的。
uboot==>tftp 30008000 zImage;tftp 30800000 today.ramfs.gz;go 30008000

发现：Uncompressing Linux......................................................................
就不动了，查看了一下,内核没什么问题，由昨天做nfs文件系统记起来了linuxrc文件，一看是一个shell脚本，
就把busybox生成的linuxrc拷贝过来，覆盖掉。

U-Boot 1.1.4 (Jan 13 2007 - 18:54:16)

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9DA78 BSS: -> 33FA20E8
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Nor Flash: 512 kB
Nand Flash: 64 MB

In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
hujun2410=> tftp 30008000 zImage;tftp 30800000 today.ramfs.gz;go 30008000
TFTP from server 59.69.74.87; our IP address is 59.69.75.186
Filename 'zImage'.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1326596 (143e04 hex)
TFTP from server 59.69.74.87; our IP address is 59.69.75.186
Filename 'today.ramfs.gz'.
Load address: 0x30800000
Loading: #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
###################################
done
Bytes transferred = 2839962 (2b559a hex)
## Starting application at 0x30008000 ...
Uncompressing Linux......................................................................Linux version 2.6.14 (root@hujunlinux) (gcc version 3.4.1) #12 Sun Jan 14 13:16:14 EST 27CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T)
Machine: SMDK2410
ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)
S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz
S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists
Kernel command line: "console=ttySAC0 initrd=0x30800000,0x2b308e root=/dev/ram init=/lin"irq: clearing pending ext status 00000800
irq: clearing<script type="text/javascript"></script><script src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js" type="text/javascript"></script>subpending status 00000002
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 8192 bytes)
timer tcon=00500000, tcnt a509, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001e4c
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 59292KB available (2090K code, 462K data, 112K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (no cpio magic); looks like an initrd
softlockup thread 0 started up.
Freeing initrd memory: 2764K
NET: Registered protocol family 16
USB Control, (c) 2006 sbc2410
S3C2410: Initialising architecture
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new driver hub
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs: devfs_debug: 0x0
devfs: boot_options: 0x1
Initializing Cryptographic API
s3c2410-lcd s3c2410-lcd: no platform data for lcd, cannot attach
s3c2410-lcd: probe of s3c2410-lcd failed with error -22
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25
fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory
S3C2410 RTC, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410
s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410
s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
nbd: registered device at major 43
usbcore: registered new driver ub
Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)
pSMDK2410_ETH_IO=0x11000000,vSMDK2410_ETH_IO=0xe0000000
eth0: CS8900A rev E at 0xe0000300 irq=52, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5B
NFTL driver: nftlcore.c $Revision: 1.97 $, nftlmount.c $Revision: 1.40 $
usbmon: debugfs is not available
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
usb usb1: Product: S3C24XX OHCI
usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.14 ohci_hcd
usb usb1: SerialNumber: s3c24xx
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usbcore: registered new driver usb-storage
USB Mass Storage support registered.
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
TCP reno registered
TCP bic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
RAMDISK: incomplete write (-28 != 32768) 4194304
RAMDISK: ran out of compressed data
invalid compressed format (err=1)
Root-NFS: No NFS server available, giving up.
VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.
VFS: Cannot open root device "" or unknown-block(2,0)
Please append a correct "root=" boot option
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)

出现上面情况，查阅资料才知道是因为没有修改
Driver device ->
Block device ->
(4096)Default RAM disk size (kbytes)
改4096为8192

NET: Registered protocol family 1
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
Mounted devfs on /dev

Please press Enter to activate this console.

BusyBox v1.2.1 (2007.01.13-23:04+0000) Built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

[root@hjembed /]# ls
bin etc lib mnt sbin usr
dev hello linuxrc proc tmp var
[root@hjembed /]# ./hello
hello,world
[root@hjembed /]# ping www.baidu.com
ping: www.baidu.com: Unknown host
[root@hjembed /]# ifconfig
[root@hjembed /]# mount
devfs on /dev type devfs (rw)
/dev/root.old on / type ext2 (rw,nogrpid)
none on /dev type devfs (rw)
none on /proc type proc (rw,nodiratime)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

这里不知为何ping www.baidu.com 不通，而
[root@hujunlinux myuboot]# cd /public/today_ramfs/
[root@hujunlinux today_ramfs]# ls
fs/ today.ramfs.gz
[root@hujunlinux today_ramfs]# ls fs/
[root@hujunlinux today_ramfs]# gunzip today.ramfs.gz
[root@hujunlinux today_ramfs]# mount -o loop today.ramfs fs/
[root@hujunlinux today_ramfs]# cd fs
[root@hujunlinux fs]# ls
bin/ dev/ etc/ hello* lib/ linuxrc@ mnt/ proc/ sbin/ tmp/ usr/ var/
[root@hujunlinux fs]# ls lib
ld-2.3.2.so* libm.so@ libpthread.so libstdc++.so@
ld-linux.so.2@ libm.so.6@ libpthread.so.0@ libstdc++.so.6@
libc-2.3.2.so* libnss_dns-2.3.2.so* libpthread.so_orig libstdc++.so.6.0.1*
libcrypt-2.3.2.so* libnss_dns.so@ libresolv-2.3.2.so* libutil-2.3.2.so*
libcrypt.so@ libnss_dns.so.2@ libresolv.so@ libutil.so@
libcrypt.so.1@ libnss_files-2.3.2.so* libresolv.so.2@ libutil.so.1@
libc.so libnss_files.so@ librt-2.3.2.so* yaffs.o*
libc.so.6@ libnss_files.so.2@ librt.so@
libm-2.3.2.so* libpthread-0.10.so* librt.so.1@
[root@hujunlinux fs]# ls /public/myroot_nfs/lib/ 这里是NFS文件系统的lib
ld-2.3.2.so* libm.so@ libpthread.so libstdc++.so@
ld-linux.so.2@ libm.so.6@ libpthread.so.0@ libstdc++.so.6@
libc-2.3.2.so* libnss_dns-2.3.2.so* libpthread.so_orig libstdc++.so.6.0.1*
libcrypt-2.3.2.so* libnss_dns.so@ libresolv-2.3.2.so* libutil-2.3.2.so*
libcrypt.so@ libnss_dns.so.2@ libresolv.so@ libutil.so@
libcrypt.so.1@ libnss_files-2.3.2.so* libresolv.so.2@ libutil.so.1@
libc.so libnss_files.so@ librt-2.3.2.so* yaffs.o*
libc.so.6@ libnss_files.so.2@ librt.so@
libm-2.3.2.so* libpthread-0.10.so* librt.so.1@
[root@hujunlinux fs]#

库是一样的，resolve.txt 中也指定了nameserver,为何不解析呢？

试了一下,telnet到板子也是可以的。ftp也可以。
[root@hjembed /]# wget ftp://59.69.74.87/hello.txt
Connecting to 59.69.74.87[59.69.74.87]:21
hello.txt 100% |*****************************| 21 --:--:-- ETA
[root@hjembed /]#

我的问题是：
1：用脚本写的linuxrc 也就是一句话 ,内容是
exec /sbin/init
和用 busybox 生成的linuxrc 有何不同？

2：为何 ping www.baidu.com 不解析域名，不要说我没有加相应的库哦？
刚刚试过NFSRoot时：
IP-Config: Complete:
device=eth0, addr=59.69.74.199, mask=255.0.0.0, gw=59.69.74.1,
host=matrix4, domain=, nis-domain=arm9.net,
bootserver=59.69.74.87, rootserver=59.69.74.87, rootpath=
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 59.69.74.87
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 59.69.74.87
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).
Mounted devfs on /dev
Freeing init memory: 112K

Please press Enter to activate this console.

BusyBox v1.2.1 (2007.01.13-23:04+0000) Built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

[root@hjembed /]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (211.94.144.100): 56 data bytes

--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss