perl中数组的使用

 

Perl的数组操作有四大常用函数，分别是：

1、push：从数组的末尾加入元素

     #!/usr/bin/perl
    use strict;
    use warnings;

    my @array = ();

    for ( my $i = 1 ; $i<= 5 ; ++$i ) {
         push @array,$i;
         print "@array\n";
    }

2、pop ：从数组的末尾取出元素

     #!/usr/bin/perl

    use strict;
    use warnings;

    my @array = ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);

    while (@array) {
          my $firstTotal = pop(@array);
         print "@array\n";
    }

3、shift： 从数组的开头取出元素

      #!/usr/bin/perl

     use strict;
     use warnings;

     my @array = ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);

     while (@array) {
         my $firstTotal = shift(@array);
          print "@array\n";
     }

4、unshift：从数组的开头加入元素

     #!/usr/bin/perl

     use strict;
     use warnings;

     my @array = ();

     for ( my $i = 1; $i<= 5; ++$i ) {
            unshift( @array, $i);        # add $i to front of @array
            print "@array\n";             # display current @array
     }

另外，perl的数组还有其它重要函数，如splice、subtr、split、join、sort等。

5、splice操作数组中间部分的函数,该函数主要有2个作用：

5.1、向数组中间插入内容

        #!/usr/bin/perl

       use strict;
       use warnings;

       my @array = ( 0 .. 6 );
       my @array1 = ( 'a' .. 'd' );

       my @replaced = splice( @array, 3,2, @array1 );

       print "replaced:    @replaced\n",
               "with:        @array1\n",
               "resulting in: @array\n\n";

5.2、删除数组元素

        #!/usr/bin/perl

       use strict;
       use warnings;

       my @array  = ( 0.. 6 );
       my @array1 = ( 'a' .. 'd' );

       my @replaced = splice( @array, 3,2 );

       print "replaced:    @replaced\n",
               "resulting in: @array\n\n";

5.3 删除到末尾

      #!/usr/bin/perl

     use strict;
     use warnings;

    my @array  = ( 0.. 6 );
    my @array1 = ( 'a' .. 'd' );

    my @replaced = splice( @array, 3);

    print "replaced:    @replaced\n",
            "resulting in: @array\n\n";

6、join：连接列表中的各个分离的串，生成一个新的串，返回一个标量！

     #!/usr/bin/perl

     use strict;
     use warnings;

     my @array = ( 0 .. 6 );
     my $replaced = join("\n", @array);

     print "$replaced\n",

7、split：把字符串进行分割并把分割后的结果放入数组中

      perl -le '$p=q(/var/ftp/test);@a=split(/\/ftp\//,$p);print $a[1];'
      test
      perl -le '$p=q(/var/ftp/test);@a=split(/\/ftp\//,$p);print $a[0];'
      /var

 

8、scalar：统计数组的长度，一般我们不用这个，直接将数组赋值给标量即可。

     #!/usr/bin/perl

    use strict;
    use warnings;

    my @array = ( 0 .. 6 );
    my $count1 = @array;
    my $count2 = scalar @array;

    print "$count1\n";
    print "$count2\n";

9、sort：对数组元素进行排序

     #!/usr/bin/perl

    use strict;
    use warnings;

    my @array    = ( 0.. 9 );
    my @reversed = reverse @array;
    print "Original:   @array\n";
    print "Reversed:   @reversed\n\n";

    # create an unsorted array ofnumbers and sort it
    my @array2           = ( 100, 23, 9, 75, 5, 10, 2, 50, 7, 96, 1, 40 );
    my @sortedLexically   = sort @array2;
    my @sortedNumerically = sort { $a <=>$b } @array2;
    print "Unsorted:   @array2\n";
    print "Lexically:  @sortedLexically\n";            // 1 10 100 2 23 40 550 7 75 9 96
    print "Numerically: @sortedNumerically\n";   // 1 2 5 7 9 10 23 40 50 75 96 100