小读spring ioc源码（三）——XmlWebApplicationContext初始化的整体过程

上一篇说到，ContextLoaderListener在web应用启动之后，经过一系列前置步骤，将初始化XmlWebApplicationContext的工作，委托给AbstractApplicationContext。这篇就继续介绍一下，是怎样一步步完成配置文件的加载、解析、注册的

先看一下这里的refresh()方法

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {// Prepare this context for refreshing.prepareRefresh();// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);try {// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);// Initialize message source for this context.initMessageSource();// Initialize event multicaster for this context.initApplicationEventMulticaster();// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.onRefresh();// Check for listener beans and register them.registerListeners();// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);// Last step: publish corresponding event.finishRefresh();}catch (BeansException ex) {// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.destroyBeans();// Reset 'active' flag.cancelRefresh(ex);// Propagate exception to caller.throw ex;}}}

首先这个方法是同步的，以避免重复刷新。然后刷新的每个步骤，都放在单独的方法里，比较清晰，可以按顺序一个个看

首先是prepareRefresh()方法

protected void prepareRefresh() {this.startupDate = System.currentTimeMillis();synchronized (this.activeMonitor) {this.active = true;}if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {logger.info("Refreshing " + this);}// Initialize any placeholder property sources in the context environmentinitPropertySources();// Validate that all properties marked as required are resolvable// see ConfigurablePropertyResolver#setRequiredPropertiesthis.environment.validateRequiredProperties();}

这个方法里做的事情不多，记录了开始时间，输出日志，另外initPropertySources()方法和validateRequiredProperties()方法一般都没有做什么事

然后是核心的obtainFreshBeanFactory()方法，这个方法是初始化BeanFactory，是整个refresh()方法的核心，其中完成了配置文件的加载、解析、注册，后面会专门详细说

这里要说明一下，ApplicationContext实现了BeanFactory接口，并实现了ResourceLoader、MessageSource等接口，可以认为是增强的BeanFactory。但是ApplicationContext并不自己重复实现BeanFactory定义的方法，而是委托给DefaultListableBeanFactory来实现。这种设计思路也是值得学习的

后面的prepareBeanFactory()、postProcessBeanFactory()、invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors()、registerBeanPostProcessors()、initMessageSource()、initApplicationEventMulticaster()、onRefresh()、registerListeners()、finishBeanFactoryInitialization()、finishRefresh()等方法，是添加一些后处理器、广播、拦截器等，就不一个个细说了。

其中的关键方法是finishBeanFactoryInitialization()，在这个方法中，会对刚才注册的Bean（不延迟加载的），进行实例化，所以也是一个核心方法

从整体上介绍完了流程，接下来就重点看obtainFreshBeanFactory()方法，上文说到，在这个方法里，完成了配置文件的加载、解析、注册

protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {refreshBeanFactory();ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory);}return beanFactory;}

这个方法做了2件事，首先通过refreshBeanFactory()方法，创建了DefaultListableBeanFactory的实例，并进行初始化。然后返回

protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {if (hasBeanFactory()) {destroyBeans();closeBeanFactory();}try {DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {this.beanFactory = beanFactory;}}catch (IOException ex) {throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);}}

首先如果已经有BeanFactory实例，就先清空。

然后通过createBeanFactory()方法，创建一个DefaultListableBeanFactory的实例

protected DefaultListableBeanFactory createBeanFactory() {return new DefaultListableBeanFactory(getInternalParentBeanFactory());}

接下来设置ID唯一标识

beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());

然后允许用户进行一些自定义的配置

protected void customizeBeanFactory(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {if (this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding != null) {beanFactory.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);}if (this.allowCircularReferences != null) {beanFactory.setAllowCircularReferences(this.allowCircularReferences);}beanFactory.setAutowireCandidateResolver(new QualifierAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver());}

最后，就是核心的loadBeanDefinitions()方法

protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException, IOException {// Create a new XmlBeanDefinitionReader for the given BeanFactory.XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);// Configure the bean definition reader with this context's// resource loading environment.beanDefinitionReader.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment());beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this));// Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,// then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);}

这里首先会创建一个XmlBeanDefinitionReader的实例，然后进行初始化

// Create a new XmlBeanDefinitionReader for the given BeanFactory.XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);// Configure the bean definition reader with this context's// resource loading environment.beanDefinitionReader.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment());beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this));// Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,// then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);

这里要说明一下，ApplicationContext并不自己负责配置文件的加载、解析、注册，而是将这些工作委托给XmlBeanDefinitionReader来做。

loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);

这行代码，就是Bean定义读取实际发生的地方。这里的工作，主要是XmlBeanDefinitionReader来完成的，下一篇博客会详细介绍这个过程