使用synchronized和Lock对象获取对象锁
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Java:使用synchronized和Lock对象获取对象锁
下面使用ReentrantLock这个锁来实现加锁功能:
package com.tch.test.concurrent;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;public class SynchronizedTest {private ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();public static void main(String[] args) {new SynchronizedTest().test();}public void test() {Runnable runnable = null;for(int i=0;i<4;i++){runnable = new Runnable(){public void run(){while(true){execute();}}};pool.execute(runnable);}}void execute(){lock.lock();//首先获得锁try{System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"获得了lock,开始休息");Thread.sleep(300);}catch(Exception e){}finally{System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"释放了lock,结束休息");lock.unlock();//最后一定要释放锁}}}
然后使用java的synchronized关键字实现加锁:
package com.tch.test.concurrent;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;public class SynchronizedTest {private ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);//private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();private Object obj = new Object();public static void main(String[] args) {new SynchronizedTest().test();}public void test() {Runnable runnable = null;for(int i=0;i<4;i++){runnable = new Runnable(){public void run(){while(true){execute();}}};pool.execute(runnable);}}void execute(){synchronized(obj){try {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"获得了obj的锁,开始休息");Thread.sleep(300);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"释放了obj的锁,结束休息");} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}
1.对象的锁
所有对象都自动含有单一的锁。
JVM负责跟踪对象被加锁的次数。如果一个对象被解锁,其计数变为0。在任务(线程)第一次给对象加锁的时候,计数变为1。每当这个相同的任务(线程)在此对象上获得锁时,计数会递增。
只有首先获得锁的任务(线程)才能继续获取该对象上的多个锁。
每当任务离开一个synchronized方法,计数递减,当计数为0的时候,锁被完全释放,此时别的任务就可以使用此资源。
2.synchronized同步块
2.1同步到单一对象锁
当使用同步块时,如果方法下的同步块都同步到一个对象上的锁,则所有的任务(线程)只能互斥的进入这些同步块。
Resource1.java演示了三个线程(包括main线程)试图进入某个类的三个不同的方法的同步块中,虽然这些同步块处在不同的方法中,但由于是同步到同一个对象(当前对象 synchronized (this)),所以对它们的方法依然是互斥的。
Resource1.java
package com.zj.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Resource1 {
public void f() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in f()");
synchronized (this) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in f()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public void g() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in g()");
synchronized (this) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in g()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public void h() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in h()");
synchronized (this) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in h()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Resource1 rs = new Resource1();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.f();
}
}.start();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.g();
}
}.start();
rs.h();
}
}
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
2.2 同步到多个对象锁
Resource1.java演示了三个线程(包括main线程)试图进入某个类的三个不同的方法的同步块中,这些同步块处在不同的方法中,并且是同步到三个不同的对象(synchronized (this),synchronized(syncObject1),synchronized (syncObject2)),所以对它们的方法中的临界资源访问是独立的。
Resource2.java
package com.zj.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Resource2 {
private Object syncObject1 = new Object();
private Object syncObject2 = new Object();
public void f() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in f()");
synchronized (this) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in f()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public void g() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in g()");
synchronized (syncObject1) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in g()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public void h() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in h()");
synchronized (syncObject2) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in h()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Resource2 rs = new Resource2();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.f();
}
}.start();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.g();
}
}.start();
rs.h();
}
}
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
3.Lock对象锁
除了使用synchronized外,还可以使用Lock对象来创建临界区。Resource3.java的演示效果同Resource1.java;Resource4.java的演示效果同Resource2.java。
Resource3.java
package com.zj.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Resource3 {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void f() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in f()");
lock.lock();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in f()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void g() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in g()");
lock.lock();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in g()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void h() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in h()");
lock.lock();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in h()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Resource3 rs = new Resource3();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.f();
}
}.start();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.g();
}
}.start();
rs.h();
}
}
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Resource4.java
package com.zj.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Resource4 {
private Lock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();
private Lock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();
private Lock lock3 = new ReentrantLock();
public void f() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in f()");
lock1.lock();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in f()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} finally {
lock1.unlock();
}
}
public void g() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in g()");
lock2.lock();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in g()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} finally {
lock2.unlock();
}
}
public void h() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":not synchronized in h()");
lock3.lock();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ":synchronized in h()");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} finally {
lock3.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Resource4 rs = new Resource4();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.f();
}
}.start();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.g();
}
}.start();
rs.h();
}
}
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Java:使用 synchronized和Lock对象获取对象锁
- Java:使用synchronized和Lock对象获取对象锁
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