gdb使用（1）

简单的使用

1.进入gdb

[mason@cyhongLinuxT510Node download]$ gdb

2.gdb中的大类命令列表

(gdb) help
List of classes of commands:

aliases -- Aliases of other commands
breakpoints -- Making program stop at certain points
data -- Examining data
files -- Specifying and examining files
internals -- Maintenance commands
obscure -- Obscure features
running -- Running the program
stack -- Examining the stack
status -- Status inquiries
support -- Support facilities
tracepoints -- Tracing of program execution without stopping the program
user-defined -- User-defined commands

Type "help" followed by a class name for a list of commands in that class.
Type "help all" for the list of all commands.
Type "help" followed by command name for full documentation.
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word".
Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous.

3.gdb具有bash类是的命令自动补全功能

4.带参数启动gdb

[mason@cyhongLinuxT510Node download]$ gdb --help
This is the GNU debugger.  Usage:

    gdb [options] [executable-file [core-file or process-id]]
    gdb [options] --args executable-file [inferior-arguments ...]
    gdb [options] [--python|-P] script-file [script-arguments ...]

Options:

  --args             Arguments after executable-file are passed to inferior
  -b BAUDRATE        Set serial port baud rate used for remote debugging.
  --batch            Exit after processing options.
  --batch-silent     As for --batch, but suppress all gdb stdout output.
  --return-child-result
                     GDB exit code will be the child's exit code.
  --cd=DIR           Change current directory to DIR.
  --command=FILE, -x Execute GDB commands from FILE.
  --eval-command=COMMAND, -ex
                     Execute a single GDB command.
                     May be used multiple times and in conjunction
                     with --command.
  --core=COREFILE    Analyze the core dump COREFILE.
  --pid=PID          Attach to running process PID.
  --dbx              DBX compatibility mode.
  --directory=DIR    Search for source files in DIR.
  --epoch            Output information used by epoch emacs-GDB interface.
  --exec=EXECFILE    Use EXECFILE as the executable.
  --fullname         Output information used by emacs-GDB interface.
  --help             Print this message.
  --interpreter=INTERP
                     Select a specific interpreter / user interface
  -l TIMEOUT         Set timeout in seconds for remote debugging.
  --nw             Do not use a window interface.
  --nx               Do not read .gdbinit file.
  --python, -P       Following argument is Python script file; remaining
                     arguments are passed to script.
  --quiet            Do not print version number on startup.
  --readnow          Fully read symbol files on first access.
  --readnever        Do not read symbol files.
  --se=FILE          Use FILE as symbol file and executable file.
  --symbols=SYMFILE  Read symbols from SYMFILE.
  --tty=TTY          Use TTY for input/output by the program being debugged.
  --tui              Use a terminal user interface.
  --version          Print version information and then exit.
  -w                 Use a window interface.
  --write            Set writing into executable and core files.
  --xdb              XDB compatibility mode.

At startup, GDB reads the following init files and executes their commands:

For more information, type "help" from within GDB, or consult the
GDB manual (available as on-line info or a printed manual).
Report bugs to "<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>".

1）gdb 程序名 core文件名 #指定出错产生的core文件名/或者读入已存在的core文件进行程序执行过程中崩溃的调试

2）gdb 程序名 进程id #指定进程ID

3）让程序输出core dump文件大小没有限制，ulimit -c unlimited

5.传入调试程序参数

[mason@cyhongLinuxT510Node download]$gdb --args vim fun.c

6.不显示gdb启动的各种信息

[mason@cyhongLinuxT510Node download]$ gdb -silent
(gdb)

7.启动gdb后启动调试程序

[mason@cyhongLinuxT510Node download]$ gdb -silent
(gdb) file fun

8.启动gdb后，在gdb中使用shell命令

[mason@cyhongLinuxT510Node download]$ gdb -silent
(gdb) shell ls
gstreamer-ffmpeg-0.10.11-4.el6.x86_64.rpm  nvidia.pdf
JD-Firmware Engineer .docx           OpendTect_Installer_lux64.sh
KTorrent                   stardict-3.0.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm           teamviewer_linux(1).rpm
linuxqq_v1.0.2_i386               teamviewer_linux.rpm
(gdb)

9.可直接执行make arg-of-make等价于shell make arg-of-make

10.gdb 的历史命令

(gdb) set history filename gdb.history
(gdb) set history save on
(gdb) set history size 100
(gdb)
10.设置支持的语言（可以让gdb自动选择）：为了区别不同的语言具有的不同的语法，而这影响到gdb的输入格式比如指针的不同

(gdb) set language java
(gdb) set language #打印出所有gdb支持的语言
(gdb)

11.gdb的启动步骤

1）根据gdb启动命令行，启动gdb

2）读取用户主目录下的init文件(.gdbinit)，并依次执行其中的命令

3）处理命令行选项和选项参数

4）读取当前目录下的init文件，并依次执行其中的命令

5）读取并执行-x选项中指定的文件（-x文件的功能类似与init文件）

6）读取history文件中的命令历史（如果没有设置history文件，则每次调试会话的历史都会丢弃）

比如为了让其保存历史命令长久有效，可以在这些init文件中包含这些命令

如下

set history filename gdb.history
set history save on
set history size 100