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模拟信号示波器

来源：互联网 发布：全局近似算法 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/05/06 19:21

转自http://www.android-study.com/duomeitijishu/498.html

一个Android版的手机模拟信号示波器。最近物联网炒得很火，作为手机软件开发者，如何在不修改手机硬件电路的前提下实现与第三方传感器结合呢？麦克风就是一个很好的ADC接口，通过麦克风与第三方传感器结合，再在软件里对模拟信号做相应的处理，就可以提供更丰富的传感化应用。

先来看看本文程序运行的效果图(屏幕录像速度较慢，真机实际运行起来会更加流畅)：

信号模拟效果

本文程序使用8000hz的采样率，对X轴方向绘图的实时性要求较高，如果不降低X轴的分辨率，程序的实时性较差，因此程序对X轴数据缩小区间为8倍～16倍。由于采用16位采样，因此Y轴数据的高度相对于手机屏幕来说也偏大，程序也对Y轴数据做缩小，区间为1倍～10倍。在SurfaceView的OnTouchListener方法里加入了波形基线的位置调节，直接在SurfaceView控件上触摸即可控制整体波形偏上或偏下显示。

main.xml源码如下：

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<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent">
    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/LinearLayout01"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btnStart"
            android:layout_width="80dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="开始"
            />
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btnExit"
            android:layout_width="80dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="停止"
            />
        <ZoomControls
            android:id="@+id/zctlX"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            />
        <ZoomControls
            android:id="@+id/zctlY"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            />
    </LinearLayout>
    <SurfaceView
        android:id="@+id/SurfaceView01"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent">
    </SurfaceView>
</LinearLayout>

ClsOscilloscope.java是实现示波器的类库，包含AudioRecord操作线程和SurfaceView绘图线程的实现，两个线程同步操作，代码如下：

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packagecom.testOscilloscope;
 
importjava.util.ArrayList;
importandroid.graphics.Canvas;
importandroid.graphics.Color;
importandroid.graphics.Paint;
importandroid.graphics.Rect;
importandroid.media.AudioRecord;
importandroid.view.SurfaceView;
 
publicclass ClsOscilloscope {
    privateArrayList<short[]> inBuf =new ArrayList<short[]>();
    privateboolean isRecording = false;// 线程控制标记
    /**
     * X轴缩小的比例
     */
    publicint rateX = 4;
    /**
     * Y轴缩小的比例
     */
    publicint rateY = 4;
    /**
     * Y轴基线
     */
    publicint baseLine = 0;
 
    /**
     * 初始化
     */
    publicvoid initOscilloscope(intrateX, int rateY, int baseLine) {
        this.rateX = rateX;
        this.rateY = rateY;
        this.baseLine = baseLine;
    }
 
    /**
     * 开始
     *
     * @param recBufSize
     *            AudioRecord的MinBufferSize
     */
    publicvoid Start(AudioRecord audioRecord,int recBufSize, SurfaceView sfv,
            Paint mPaint) {
        isRecording =true;
        newRecordThread(audioRecord, recBufSize).start();// 开始录制线程
        newDrawThread(sfv, mPaint).start();// 开始绘制线程
    }
 
    /**
     * 停止
     */
    publicvoid Stop() {
        isRecording =false;
        inBuf.clear();// 清除
    }
 
    /**
     * 负责从MIC保存数据到inBuf
     *
     * @author GV
     *
     */
    classRecordThread extendsThread {
        privateint recBufSize;
        privateAudioRecord audioRecord;
 
        publicRecordThread(AudioRecord audioRecord, intrecBufSize) {
            this.audioRecord = audioRecord;
            this.recBufSize = recBufSize;
        }
 
        publicvoid run() {
            try{
                short[] buffer =new short[recBufSize];
                audioRecord.startRecording();// 开始录制
                while(isRecording) {
                    // 从MIC保存数据到缓冲区
                    intbufferReadResult = audioRecord.read(buffer, 0,
                            recBufSize);
                    short[] tmpBuf =new short[bufferReadResult / rateX];
                    for(int i = 0, ii = 0; i < tmpBuf.length; i++, ii = i
                            * rateX) {
                        tmpBuf[i] = buffer[ii];
                    }
                    synchronized(inBuf) {//
                        inBuf.add(tmpBuf);// 添加数据
                    }
                }
                audioRecord.stop();
            }catch (Throwable t) {
            }
        }
    };
 
    /**
     * 负责绘制inBuf中的数据
     *
     * @author GV
     *
     */
    classDrawThread extendsThread {
        privateint oldX = 0;// 上次绘制的X坐标
        privateint oldY = 0;// 上次绘制的Y坐标
        privateSurfaceView sfv;// 画板
        privateint X_index = 0;// 当前画图所在屏幕X轴的坐标
        privatePaint mPaint;// 画笔
 
        publicDrawThread(SurfaceView sfv, Paint mPaint) {
            this.sfv = sfv;
            this.mPaint = mPaint;
        }
 
        publicvoid run() {
            while(isRecording) {
                ArrayList<short[]> buf =new ArrayList<short[]>();
                synchronized(inBuf) {
                    if(inBuf.size() == 0)
                        continue;
                    buf = (ArrayList<short[]>) inBuf.clone();// 保存
                    inBuf.clear();// 清除
                }
                for(int i = 0; i < buf.size(); i++) {
                    short[] tmpBuf = buf.get(i);
                    SimpleDraw(X_index, tmpBuf, rateY, baseLine);// 把缓冲区数据画出来
                    X_index = X_index + tmpBuf.length;
                    if(X_index > sfv.getWidth()) {
                        X_index =0;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
 
        /**
         * 绘制指定区域
         *
         * @param start
         *            X轴开始的位置(全屏)
         * @param buffer
         *            缓冲区
         * @param rate
         *            Y轴数据缩小的比例
         * @param baseLine
         *            Y轴基线
         */
        voidSimpleDraw(int start, short[] buffer,int rate, int baseLine) {
            if(start == 0)
                oldX =0;
            Canvas canvas = sfv.getHolder().lockCanvas(
                    newRect(start, 0, start + buffer.length, sfv.getHeight()));// 关键:获取画布
            canvas.drawColor(Color.BLACK);// 清除背景
            inty;
            for(int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {// 有多少画多少
                intx = i + start;
                y = buffer[i] / rate + baseLine;// 调节缩小比例，调节基准线
                canvas.drawLine(oldX, oldY, x, y, mPaint);
                oldX = x;
                oldY = y;
            }
            sfv.getHolder().unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);// 解锁画布，提交画好的图像
        }
    }
}

testOscilloscope.java是主程序，控制UI和ClsOscilloscope，代码如下：

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packagecom.testOscilloscope;
 
importandroid.app.Activity;
importandroid.graphics.Color;
importandroid.graphics.Paint;
importandroid.media.AudioFormat;
importandroid.media.AudioRecord;
importandroid.media.MediaRecorder;
importandroid.os.Bundle;
importandroid.view.MotionEvent;
importandroid.view.SurfaceView;
importandroid.view.View;
importandroid.view.View.OnTouchListener;
importandroid.widget.Button;
importandroid.widget.ZoomControls;
 
publicclass testOscilloscopeextends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    Button btnStart, btnExit;
    SurfaceView sfv;
    ZoomControls zctlX, zctlY;
 
    ClsOscilloscope clsOscilloscope =new ClsOscilloscope();
 
    staticfinal int frequency = 8000;// 分辨率
    staticfinal int channelConfiguration = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO;
    staticfinal int audioEncoding = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;
    staticfinal int xMax = 16;// X轴缩小比例最大值,X轴数据量巨大，容易产生刷新延时
    staticfinal int xMin = 8;// X轴缩小比例最小值
    staticfinal int yMax = 10;// Y轴缩小比例最大值
    staticfinal int yMin = 1;// Y轴缩小比例最小值
 
    intrecBufSize;// 录音最小buffer大小
    AudioRecord audioRecord;
    Paint mPaint;
 
    @Override
    publicvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        // 录音组件
        recBufSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(frequency,
                channelConfiguration, audioEncoding);
        audioRecord =new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, frequency,
                channelConfiguration, audioEncoding, recBufSize);
        // 按键
        btnStart = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnStart);
        btnStart.setOnClickListener(newClickEvent());
        btnExit = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnExit);
        btnExit.setOnClickListener(newClickEvent());
        // 画板和画笔
        sfv = (SurfaceView)this.findViewById(R.id.SurfaceView01);
        sfv.setOnTouchListener(newTouchEvent());
        mPaint =new Paint();
        mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);// 画笔为绿色
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(1);// 设置画笔粗细
        // 示波 器类库
        clsOscilloscope.initOscilloscope(xMax /2, yMax / 2,
                sfv.getHeight() /2);
 
        // 缩放控件，X轴的数据缩小的比率高些
        zctlX = (ZoomControls)this.findViewById(R.id.zctlX);
        zctlX.setOnZoomInClickListener(newView.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            publicvoid onClick(View v) {
                if(clsOscilloscope.rateX > xMin)
                    clsOscilloscope.rateX--;
                setTitle("X轴缩小"+ String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateX) + "倍"
                        +"," + "Y轴缩小"+ String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateY)
                        +"倍");
            }
        });
        zctlX.setOnZoomOutClickListener(newView.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            publicvoid onClick(View v) {
                if(clsOscilloscope.rateX < xMax)
                    clsOscilloscope.rateX++;
                setTitle("X轴缩小"+ String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateX) + "倍"
                        +"," + "Y轴缩小"+ String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateY)
                        +"倍");
            }
        });
        zctlY = (ZoomControls)this.findViewById(R.id.zctlY);
        zctlY.setOnZoomInClickListener(newView.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            publicvoid onClick(View v) {
                if(clsOscilloscope.rateY > yMin)
                    clsOscilloscope.rateY--;
                setTitle("X轴缩小"+ String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateX) + "倍"
                        +"," + "Y轴缩小"+ String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateY)
                        +"倍");
            }
        });
 
        zctlY.setOnZoomOutClickListener(newView.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            publicvoid onClick(View v) {
                if(clsOscilloscope.rateY < yMax)
                    clsOscilloscope.rateY++;
                setTitle("X轴缩小"+ String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateX) + "倍"
                        +"," + "Y轴缩小"+ String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateY)
                        +"倍");
            }
        });
    }
 
    @Override
    protectedvoid onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
    }
 
    /**
     * 按键事件处理
     *
     * @author GV
     *
     */
    classClickEvent implementsView.OnClickListener {
        @Override
        publicvoid onClick(View v) {
            if(v == btnStart) {
                clsOscilloscope.baseLine = sfv.getHeight() /2;
                clsOscilloscope.Start(audioRecord, recBufSize, sfv, mPaint);
            }else if(v == btnExit) {
                clsOscilloscope.Stop();
            }
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 触摸屏动态设置波形图基线
     *
     * @author GV
     *
     */
    classTouchEvent implementsOnTouchListener {
        @Override
        publicboolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
            clsOscilloscope.baseLine = (int) event.getY();
            returntrue;
        }
 
    }
}
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