计算机图形学linux遇到的错误gcc 编译错误 opengl
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wy@wy-Vostro-260s:/media/d/wy/opengl/tutor/tutor$ gcc -lglut transformation.c
transformation.c: 在函数‘main’中:
transformation.c:710:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:715:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:723:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:741:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `setfont':
transformation.c:(.text+0xb): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica10'
transformation.c:(.text+0x43): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica12'
transformation.c:(.text+0x5c): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica18'
transformation.c:(.text+0x93): undefined reference to `glutBitmapTimesRoman10'
transformation.c:(.text+0xa3): undefined reference to `glutBitmapTimesRoman24'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd7): undefined reference to `glutBitmap8By13'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10b): undefined reference to `glutBitmap9By15'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawstr':
transformation.c:(.text+0x16b): undefined reference to `glRasterPos2i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x196): undefined reference to `glutBitmapCharacter'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `cell_draw':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1df): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x209): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x243): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawmodel':
transformation.c:(.text+0x37e): undefined reference to `glmReadOBJ'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3a5): undefined reference to `glmUnitize'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3b4): undefined reference to `glmFacetNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3ca): undefined reference to `glmVertexNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3df): undefined reference to `glmDraw'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawaxes':
transformation.c:(.text+0x403): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x40f): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x42e): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x44d): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x46c): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x48b): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x4aa): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x4c9): more undefined references to `glVertex3f' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawaxes':
transformation.c:(.text+0x50c): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x518): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x537): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x556): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x575): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x594): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x5b3): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x5d2): more undefined references to `glVertex3f' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawaxes':
transformation.c:(.text+0x615): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x621): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x640): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x65f): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x67e): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x69d): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x6bc): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x6db): more undefined references to `glVertex3f' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawaxes':
transformation.c:(.text+0x71e): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x73a): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x759): undefined reference to `glRasterPos3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x768): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica12'
transformation.c:(.text+0x76d): undefined reference to `glutBitmapCharacter'
transformation.c:(.text+0x78c): undefined reference to `glRasterPos3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x79b): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica12'
transformation.c:(.text+0x7a0): undefined reference to `glutBitmapCharacter'
transformation.c:(.text+0x7bf): undefined reference to `glRasterPos3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x7ce): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica12'
transformation.c:(.text+0x7d3): undefined reference to `glutBitmapCharacter'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `normalize':
transformation.c:(.text+0xbb2): undefined reference to `sqrt'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `main_reshape':
transformation.c:(.text+0xc1f): undefined reference to `glViewport'
transformation.c:(.text+0xc2b): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0xc30): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0xc50): undefined reference to `gluOrtho2D'
transformation.c:(.text+0xc5c): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0xc61): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0xccb): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xcdf): undefined reference to `glutPositionWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xcf7): undefined reference to `glutReshapeWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd04): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd1c): undefined reference to `glutPositionWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd34): undefined reference to `glutReshapeWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd41): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd59): undefined reference to `glutPositionWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd7c): undefined reference to `glutReshapeWindow'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `main_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0xdac): undefined reference to `glClearColor'
transformation.c:(.text+0xdb8): undefined reference to `glClear'
transformation.c:(.text+0xdd4): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0xe49): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `world_reshape':
transformation.c:(.text+0xf23): undefined reference to `glViewport'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf2f): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf34): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf62): undefined reference to `gluPerspective'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf6e): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf73): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf92): undefined reference to `glTranslatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0xfba): undefined reference to `glRotatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0xfe2): undefined reference to `glClearColor'
transformation.c:(.text+0xfee): undefined reference to `glEnable'
transformation.c:(.text+0xffa): undefined reference to `glEnable'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `world_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1083): undefined reference to `glClear'
transformation.c:(.text+0x109a): undefined reference to `glEnable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x109f): undefined reference to `glPushMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10ab): undefined reference to `glMultMatrixd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10c6): undefined reference to `glLightfv'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10cb): undefined reference to `glPopMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10dc): undefined reference to `glDisable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10e1): undefined reference to `glPushMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10ed): undefined reference to `glMultMatrixd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1108): undefined reference to `glLightfv'
transformation.c:(.text+0x110d): undefined reference to `glPushMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1129): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1135): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1154): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1179): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x11a4): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x11cf): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x11f4): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x121f): more undefined references to `glVertex3f' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `world_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1274): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1290): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x12bb): undefined reference to `glRasterPos3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x12ca): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica12'
transformation.c:(.text+0x12cf): undefined reference to `glutBitmapCharacter'
transformation.c:(.text+0x12eb): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x130a): undefined reference to `glScalef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1314): undefined reference to `glPopMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1334): undefined reference to `glMultMatrixd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1353): undefined reference to `glColor3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x135f): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x137b): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1397): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x13b3): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x13cf): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x13d4): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x13f0): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x13fc): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1418): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1434): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1450): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x146c): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1488): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x14a4): more undefined references to `glVertex3i' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `world_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0x14e1): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x14ed): undefined reference to `glEnable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1501): undefined reference to `glBlendFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1529): undefined reference to `glColor4f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1535): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1551): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x156d): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1589): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x15a5): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x15aa): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x15b6): undefined reference to `glDisable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x15bb): undefined reference to `glPopMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x15c0): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `screen_reshape':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1612): undefined reference to `glViewport'
transformation.c:(.text+0x161e): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1623): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1651): undefined reference to `gluPerspective'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1665): undefined reference to `glGetDoublev'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1671): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1676): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0x16e6): undefined reference to `gluLookAt'
transformation.c:(.text+0x171c): undefined reference to `glRotatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x173d): undefined reference to `glTranslatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1760): undefined reference to `glTranslatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x178b): undefined reference to `glRotatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x17ac): undefined reference to `glScalef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x17c0): undefined reference to `glGetDoublev'
transformation.c:(.text+0x17e8): undefined reference to `glClearColor'
transformation.c:(.text+0x17f4): undefined reference to `glEnable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1800): undefined reference to `glEnable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x180c): undefined reference to `glEnable'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `screen_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1824): undefined reference to `glClear'
transformation.c:(.text+0x182e): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `screen_menu':
transformation.c:(.text+0x18a0): undefined reference to `glmReadOBJ'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18c7): undefined reference to `glmUnitize'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18d6): undefined reference to `glmFacetNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18ec): undefined reference to `glmVertexNormals'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `command_reshape':
transformation.c:(.text+0x191b): undefined reference to `glViewport'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1927): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0x192c): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0x194c): undefined reference to `gluOrtho2D'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1958): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0x195d): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1985): undefined reference to `glClearColor'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `command_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1999): undefined reference to `glClear'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1a4e): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1cac): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1ccd): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `redisplay_all':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1fbc): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1fc1): undefined reference to `glutPostRedisplay'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1fce): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1feb): undefined reference to `glutPostRedisplay'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1ff8): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2015): undefined reference to `glutPostRedisplay'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `main':
transformation.c:(.text+0x202c): undefined reference to `glutInitDisplayMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2040): undefined reference to `glutInitWindowSize'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2054): undefined reference to `glutInitWindowPosition'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2066): undefined reference to `glutInit'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2072): undefined reference to `glutCreateWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2083): undefined reference to `glutReshapeFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x208f): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x209c): undefined reference to `glutKeyboardFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x20c9): undefined reference to `glutCreateSubWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x20da): undefined reference to `glutReshapeFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x20e6): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x20f3): undefined reference to `glutKeyboardFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x20ff): undefined reference to `glutCreateMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2113): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x211f): undefined reference to `glutAttachMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x214c): undefined reference to `glutCreateSubWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x215d): undefined reference to `glutReshapeFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2169): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2176): undefined reference to `glutKeyboardFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2182): undefined reference to `glutCreateMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2196): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x21aa): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x21be): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x21d2): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x21e6): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x21fa): more undefined references to `glutAddMenuEntry' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `main':
transformation.c:(.text+0x2242): undefined reference to `glutAttachMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x226f): undefined reference to `glutCreateSubWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2280): undefined reference to `glutReshapeFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x228c): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2298): undefined reference to `glutMotionFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22a4): undefined reference to `glutMouseFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22b1): undefined reference to `glutKeyboardFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22bd): undefined reference to `glutCreateMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22d1): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22e5): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22f9): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x230d): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2321): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x2335): more undefined references to `glutAddMenuEntry' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `main':
transformation.c:(.text+0x2341): undefined reference to `glutAttachMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x234b): undefined reference to `glutMainLoop'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:(.data+0x1b0): undefined reference to `glutBitmapTimesRoman10'
transformation.c:710:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:715:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:723:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:741:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
/tmp/ccZaUWwu.o: In function `drawmodel':
transformation.c:(.text+0x37e): undefined reference to `glmReadOBJ'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3a5): undefined reference to `glmUnitize'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3b4): undefined reference to `glmFacetNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3ca): undefined reference to `glmVertexNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3df): undefined reference to `glmDraw'
/tmp/ccZaUWwu.o: In function `screen_menu':
transformation.c:(.text+0x18a0): undefined reference to `glmReadOBJ'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18c7): undefined reference to `glmUnitize'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18d6): undefined reference to `glmFacetNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18ec): undefined reference to `glmVertexNormals'
collect2: ld 返回 1
transformation.c: 在函数‘main’中:
transformation.c:710:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:715:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:723:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:741:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `setfont':
transformation.c:(.text+0xb): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica10'
transformation.c:(.text+0x43): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica12'
transformation.c:(.text+0x5c): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica18'
transformation.c:(.text+0x93): undefined reference to `glutBitmapTimesRoman10'
transformation.c:(.text+0xa3): undefined reference to `glutBitmapTimesRoman24'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd7): undefined reference to `glutBitmap8By13'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10b): undefined reference to `glutBitmap9By15'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawstr':
transformation.c:(.text+0x16b): undefined reference to `glRasterPos2i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x196): undefined reference to `glutBitmapCharacter'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `cell_draw':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1df): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x209): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x243): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawmodel':
transformation.c:(.text+0x37e): undefined reference to `glmReadOBJ'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3a5): undefined reference to `glmUnitize'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3b4): undefined reference to `glmFacetNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3ca): undefined reference to `glmVertexNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3df): undefined reference to `glmDraw'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawaxes':
transformation.c:(.text+0x403): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x40f): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x42e): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x44d): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x46c): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x48b): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x4aa): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x4c9): more undefined references to `glVertex3f' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawaxes':
transformation.c:(.text+0x50c): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x518): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x537): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x556): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x575): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x594): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x5b3): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x5d2): more undefined references to `glVertex3f' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawaxes':
transformation.c:(.text+0x615): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x621): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x640): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x65f): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x67e): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x69d): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x6bc): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x6db): more undefined references to `glVertex3f' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `drawaxes':
transformation.c:(.text+0x71e): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x73a): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x759): undefined reference to `glRasterPos3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x768): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica12'
transformation.c:(.text+0x76d): undefined reference to `glutBitmapCharacter'
transformation.c:(.text+0x78c): undefined reference to `glRasterPos3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x79b): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica12'
transformation.c:(.text+0x7a0): undefined reference to `glutBitmapCharacter'
transformation.c:(.text+0x7bf): undefined reference to `glRasterPos3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x7ce): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica12'
transformation.c:(.text+0x7d3): undefined reference to `glutBitmapCharacter'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `normalize':
transformation.c:(.text+0xbb2): undefined reference to `sqrt'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `main_reshape':
transformation.c:(.text+0xc1f): undefined reference to `glViewport'
transformation.c:(.text+0xc2b): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0xc30): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0xc50): undefined reference to `gluOrtho2D'
transformation.c:(.text+0xc5c): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0xc61): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0xccb): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xcdf): undefined reference to `glutPositionWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xcf7): undefined reference to `glutReshapeWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd04): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd1c): undefined reference to `glutPositionWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd34): undefined reference to `glutReshapeWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd41): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd59): undefined reference to `glutPositionWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0xd7c): undefined reference to `glutReshapeWindow'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `main_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0xdac): undefined reference to `glClearColor'
transformation.c:(.text+0xdb8): undefined reference to `glClear'
transformation.c:(.text+0xdd4): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0xe49): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `world_reshape':
transformation.c:(.text+0xf23): undefined reference to `glViewport'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf2f): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf34): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf62): undefined reference to `gluPerspective'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf6e): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf73): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0xf92): undefined reference to `glTranslatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0xfba): undefined reference to `glRotatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0xfe2): undefined reference to `glClearColor'
transformation.c:(.text+0xfee): undefined reference to `glEnable'
transformation.c:(.text+0xffa): undefined reference to `glEnable'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `world_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1083): undefined reference to `glClear'
transformation.c:(.text+0x109a): undefined reference to `glEnable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x109f): undefined reference to `glPushMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10ab): undefined reference to `glMultMatrixd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10c6): undefined reference to `glLightfv'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10cb): undefined reference to `glPopMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10dc): undefined reference to `glDisable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10e1): undefined reference to `glPushMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x10ed): undefined reference to `glMultMatrixd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1108): undefined reference to `glLightfv'
transformation.c:(.text+0x110d): undefined reference to `glPushMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1129): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1135): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1154): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1179): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x11a4): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x11cf): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x11f4): undefined reference to `glVertex3f'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x121f): more undefined references to `glVertex3f' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `world_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1274): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1290): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x12bb): undefined reference to `glRasterPos3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x12ca): undefined reference to `glutBitmapHelvetica12'
transformation.c:(.text+0x12cf): undefined reference to `glutBitmapCharacter'
transformation.c:(.text+0x12eb): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x130a): undefined reference to `glScalef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1314): undefined reference to `glPopMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1334): undefined reference to `glMultMatrixd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1353): undefined reference to `glColor3f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x135f): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x137b): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1397): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x13b3): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x13cf): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x13d4): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x13f0): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x13fc): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1418): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1434): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1450): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x146c): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1488): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x14a4): more undefined references to `glVertex3i' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `world_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0x14e1): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x14ed): undefined reference to `glEnable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1501): undefined reference to `glBlendFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1529): undefined reference to `glColor4f'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1535): undefined reference to `glBegin'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1551): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x156d): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1589): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x15a5): undefined reference to `glVertex3i'
transformation.c:(.text+0x15aa): undefined reference to `glEnd'
transformation.c:(.text+0x15b6): undefined reference to `glDisable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x15bb): undefined reference to `glPopMatrix'
transformation.c:(.text+0x15c0): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `screen_reshape':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1612): undefined reference to `glViewport'
transformation.c:(.text+0x161e): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1623): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1651): undefined reference to `gluPerspective'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1665): undefined reference to `glGetDoublev'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1671): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1676): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0x16e6): undefined reference to `gluLookAt'
transformation.c:(.text+0x171c): undefined reference to `glRotatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x173d): undefined reference to `glTranslatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1760): undefined reference to `glTranslatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x178b): undefined reference to `glRotatef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x17ac): undefined reference to `glScalef'
transformation.c:(.text+0x17c0): undefined reference to `glGetDoublev'
transformation.c:(.text+0x17e8): undefined reference to `glClearColor'
transformation.c:(.text+0x17f4): undefined reference to `glEnable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1800): undefined reference to `glEnable'
transformation.c:(.text+0x180c): undefined reference to `glEnable'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `screen_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1824): undefined reference to `glClear'
transformation.c:(.text+0x182e): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `screen_menu':
transformation.c:(.text+0x18a0): undefined reference to `glmReadOBJ'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18c7): undefined reference to `glmUnitize'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18d6): undefined reference to `glmFacetNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18ec): undefined reference to `glmVertexNormals'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `command_reshape':
transformation.c:(.text+0x191b): undefined reference to `glViewport'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1927): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0x192c): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0x194c): undefined reference to `gluOrtho2D'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1958): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0x195d): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1985): undefined reference to `glClearColor'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `command_display':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1999): undefined reference to `glClear'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1a4e): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1cac): undefined reference to `glColor3ub'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1ccd): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `redisplay_all':
transformation.c:(.text+0x1fbc): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1fc1): undefined reference to `glutPostRedisplay'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1fce): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1feb): undefined reference to `glutPostRedisplay'
transformation.c:(.text+0x1ff8): undefined reference to `glutSetWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2015): undefined reference to `glutPostRedisplay'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `main':
transformation.c:(.text+0x202c): undefined reference to `glutInitDisplayMode'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2040): undefined reference to `glutInitWindowSize'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2054): undefined reference to `glutInitWindowPosition'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2066): undefined reference to `glutInit'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2072): undefined reference to `glutCreateWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2083): undefined reference to `glutReshapeFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x208f): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x209c): undefined reference to `glutKeyboardFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x20c9): undefined reference to `glutCreateSubWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x20da): undefined reference to `glutReshapeFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x20e6): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x20f3): undefined reference to `glutKeyboardFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x20ff): undefined reference to `glutCreateMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2113): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x211f): undefined reference to `glutAttachMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x214c): undefined reference to `glutCreateSubWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x215d): undefined reference to `glutReshapeFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2169): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2176): undefined reference to `glutKeyboardFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2182): undefined reference to `glutCreateMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2196): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x21aa): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x21be): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x21d2): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x21e6): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x21fa): more undefined references to `glutAddMenuEntry' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `main':
transformation.c:(.text+0x2242): undefined reference to `glutAttachMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x226f): undefined reference to `glutCreateSubWindow'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2280): undefined reference to `glutReshapeFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x228c): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2298): undefined reference to `glutMotionFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22a4): undefined reference to `glutMouseFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22b1): undefined reference to `glutKeyboardFunc'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22bd): undefined reference to `glutCreateMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22d1): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22e5): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x22f9): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x230d): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
transformation.c:(.text+0x2321): undefined reference to `glutAddMenuEntry'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:transformation.c:(.text+0x2335): more undefined references to `glutAddMenuEntry' follow
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o: In function `main':
transformation.c:(.text+0x2341): undefined reference to `glutAttachMenu'
transformation.c:(.text+0x234b): undefined reference to `glutMainLoop'
/tmp/cc7rpOXR.o:(.data+0x1b0): undefined reference to `glutBitmapTimesRoman10'
collect2: ld 返回 1
警告暂且忽略，单看这些错误，前缀为glut或gl的函数统统找不到符号，应该是在链接阶段出了问题。难道是因为我忘记链接libGL和libGLU的原因？好，咱们再试试：gcc -lglut -lGL -lGLU transformation.c。结果我就不往这里贴了，我只想告诉你，错误的数量和上面一样一样的。
遭受如此打击，是不是感觉不会再爱了？说时迟那时快，神武的gcc文档出现了！同学们，请打开gcc官方文档Using the GNU Compiler Collection的第154页，3.13节，Options for Linking！请你双目直视-l选项的解释，发现这样一段话：
“It makes a difference where in the command you write this option; the linkersearches and processes libraries and object files in the order they are specified. Thus, ‘foo.o -lz bar.o’ searches library ‘z’ after file ‘foo.o’ but before‘bar.o’. If ‘bar.o’ refers to functions in ‘z’, those functions may not be loaded.”
这段话告诉我们，-l选项的位置是有讲究的：如果目标文件bar.o中引用了库z中的函数，那么这些函数是不会被加载的。但是，如果foo.o中引用了库z中的函数，那就没有问题。假设foo.o和bar.o都引用了库z中的函数func，链接过程应该是这样的：foo.o中遇到无法解析的函数符号func，因而向右查找链接库，发现选项lz，于是到z中查找，发现函数func，函数符号顺利解析；bar.o中同样遇到无法解析的函数符号func，向右查找链接库，未发现可用链接库，函数符号解析失败。
根据上述理论，编译链接transformation.c的命令行貌似应该这样写：gcc transformation.c -lglut -lGL -lGLU。于是得到下面的结果：
警告暂且忽略，单看这些错误，前缀为glut或gl的函数统统找不到符号，应该是在链接阶段出了问题。难道是因为我忘记链接libGL和libGLU的原因？好，咱们再试试：gcc -lglut -lGL -lGLU transformation.c。结果我就不往这里贴了，我只想告诉你，错误的数量和上面一样一样的。
遭受如此打击，是不是感觉不会再爱了？说时迟那时快，神武的gcc文档出现了！同学们，请打开gcc官方文档Using the GNU Compiler Collection的第154页，3.13节，Options for Linking！请你双目直视-l选项的解释，发现这样一段话：
“It makes a difference where in the command you write this option; the linkersearches and processes libraries and object files in the order they are specified. Thus, ‘foo.o -lz bar.o’ searches library ‘z’ after file ‘foo.o’ but before‘bar.o’. If ‘bar.o’ refers to functions in ‘z’, those functions may not be loaded.”
这段话告诉我们，-l选项的位置是有讲究的：如果目标文件bar.o中引用了库z中的函数，那么这些函数是不会被加载的。但是，如果foo.o中引用了库z中的函数，那就没有问题。假设foo.o和bar.o都引用了库z中的函数func，链接过程应该是这样的：foo.o中遇到无法解析的函数符号func，因而向右查找链接库，发现选项lz，于是到z中查找，发现函数func，函数符号顺利解析；bar.o中同样遇到无法解析的函数符号func，向右查找链接库，未发现可用链接库，函数符号解析失败。
根据上述理论，编译链接transformation.c的命令行貌似应该这样写：gcc transformation.c -lglut -lGL -lGLU。于是得到下面的结果：
transformation.c: 在函数‘main’中:transformation.c:710:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:715:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:723:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
transformation.c:741:5: 警告： 传递‘glutKeyboardFunc’的第 1 个参数时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 [默认启用]
/usr/include/GL/freeglut_std.h:467:26: 附注： 需要类型‘void (*)(unsigned char, int, int)’，但实参的类型为‘void (*)(char, int, int)’
/tmp/ccZaUWwu.o: In function `drawmodel':
transformation.c:(.text+0x37e): undefined reference to `glmReadOBJ'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3a5): undefined reference to `glmUnitize'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3b4): undefined reference to `glmFacetNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3ca): undefined reference to `glmVertexNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x3df): undefined reference to `glmDraw'
/tmp/ccZaUWwu.o: In function `screen_menu':
transformation.c:(.text+0x18a0): undefined reference to `glmReadOBJ'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18c7): undefined reference to `glmUnitize'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18d6): undefined reference to `glmFacetNormals'
transformation.c:(.text+0x18ec): undefined reference to `glmVertexNormals'
collect2: ld 返回 1
虽然还有错误，但是毕竟少了很多，令人兴奋！再看看这些错误，还是无法解析函数符号的问题，这时候就跟libGL、libGLU和libglut没有啥关系了，因为出错的函数前缀都是glm。事实上，将Nate Robin教程解压后，transformation.c所在的目录下有很多文件，包括glm.c和glm.h。我不太清楚这两个文件是干嘛的，但是用vim打开查看，貌似与数字字体有关。查看transformation.c文件，发现包含的头文件中有glm.h一项，所以，我们应该将glm.c与transformation.c一同编译，就像这样：gcc transformation.c glm.c -lglut -lGLU -lGL。结果呢，就成了！其实，不加选项-lGL也能成功，不信你试试！
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