临时表和表变量

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临时表
临时表存储在TempDB数据库中,所有的使用此SQL Server 实例的用户都共享这个TempDB,因为我们应该确保用来存储TempDB数据库的硬盘有足够的空间,以使之能够自己的增长.最好能够存储在一个拥有独立硬盘控制器上.因为这样不存在和其它的硬盘I/O进行争用.
 
我们很多程序员认为临时表非常危险,因为临时表有可能被多个连接所共享.其实在SQL Server中存在两种临时表:局部临时表和全局临时表,局部临时表(Local temp table)#前缀来标识,并且只能被创建它的连接所使用.全局临时表(Global temp table)##前缀来进行标识,并且可以和其它连接所共享.
 
局部临时表
局部临时表不能够被其它连接所共享的原因其实是在SQL Server 2000中自动为局部临时表的表名后面加上了一个唯一字符来标识.:
                           CREATE TABLE [#DimCustomer_test]
                           (
                              [CustomerKey] [int]
                              ,   [FirstName] [nvarchar](50) 
                          ,[MiddleName] [nvarchar](50) 
                          ,[LastName] [nvarchar](50)
                              )
现在我们来查看一下TempDB sysobjects,我们会发现我们新创建的临时表#DimCustomer_test已经被加上了后缀:
 
                              USE TempDB
                              GO
                              SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name LIKE '%DimCustomer%'
 
the Result is:
name
#DimCustomer_test___________________________________________________________________________________________________000000000005
全局临时表
下面我们来看一下全局临时表:
                              CREATE TABLE [##DimCustomer_test]
                              (
                                 [CustomerKey] [int]
                                 ,      [FirstName] [nvarchar](50) 
                             ,[MiddleName] [nvarchar](50) 
                             ,[LastName] [nvarchar](50)
                                 )
现在我们来查看一下TempDB sysobjects,我们会发现我们新创建的临时表##DimCustomer_test没有被加上了后缀:
 
                              USE TempDB
                              GO
                              SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name LIKE '%DimCustomer%'
 
The Result are:
#DimCustomer_test___________________________________________________________________________________________________000000000005
##DimCustomer_test
 
--Drop test temp tables
                              DROP TABLE [##DimCustomer_test]
                              DROP TABLE [#DimCustomer_test]
 
可以看到我们刚才创建的全局临时表名字并没有被加上标识.
 
表变量
表变量和临时表针对我们使用人员来说并没有什么不同,但是在存储方面来说,他们是不同的,表变量存储在内存中.所以在性能上和临时表相比会更好些!
 
另一个不同的地方是在表连接中使用表变量时,要为此表变量指定别名.:
 
                              USE AdventureWorksDW
                              GO
 
                              DECLARE @DimCustomer_test TABLE
                              (
                                 [CustomerKey] [int]
                                 ,      [FirstName] [nvarchar](50) 
                             ,[MiddleName] [nvarchar](50) 
                             ,[LastName] [nvarchar](50)
                                 )
                              ---insert data to @DimCustomer_test
                              INSERT @DimCustomer_test
                              (
                                 [CustomerKey] 
                                 ,      [FirstName] 
                             ,[MiddleName] 
                             ,[LastName]
                                 )
                              SELECT 
                                 [CustomerKey] 
                                 ,      [FirstName] 
                             ,[MiddleName] 
                             ,[LastName]
                              FROM DimCustomer
 
                              SELECT [@DimCustomer_test].CustomerKey,SUM(FactInternetSales.OrderQuantity)
                              FROM @DimCustomer_test INNER JOIN FactInternetSales   ON
                              @DimCustomer_test.CustomerKey = FactInternetSales.CustomerKey
                              Group BY CustomerKey
 
Result:
 
Server: Msg 137, Level 15, State 2, Line 32
Must declare the variable '@DimCustomer_test'.
 
 
如果我们对上面的查询进行更改,对查询使用别名(并且找开IO):
-----in the follow script,we used the table alias.
 
                              DECLARE @DimCustomer_test TABLE
                              (
                                 [CustomerKey] [int]
                                 ,      [FirstName] [nvarchar](50) 
                             ,[MiddleName] [nvarchar](50) 
                             ,[LastName] [nvarchar](50)
                                 )
 
                              INSERT @DimCustomer_test
                              (
                                 [CustomerKey] 
                                 ,      [FirstName] 
                             ,[MiddleName] 
                             ,[LastName]
                                 )
                              SELECT 
                                 [CustomerKey] 
                                 ,      [FirstName] 
                             ,[MiddleName] 
                             ,[LastName]
                              FROM DimCustomer
 
                              SELECT t.CustomerKey,f.OrderQuantity
                              FROM @DimCustomer_test t INNER JOIN FactInternetSales f ON
                              t.CustomerKey = f.CustomerKey
                              where t.CustomerKey=13513
 
表变量在批处理结束时自动被系统删除,所以你不必要像使用临时表表一样显示的对它进行删除.
要想将存储过程返回的表保存到临时表或者表变量中,必须先对他们定义,
临时表:
Create table #mytmptbl(
col1 
nvarchar(100))

insert into #mytmptbl
exec dbo.GetCustomerID ''
select * from #mytmptbl

drop table #mytmptbl
表变量
declare @tvar table
( col1 
nvarchar(100))

insert into @tvar
exec dbo.GetCustomerID ''
select * from @tvar
 
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