一个作业题---用python创建一个通讯录

题目：

一个文本通讯录要求：

1. 内容含有：姓名，电话(手机，座机)，qq，email
2. 存储功能实现：通过命令行输入后保存到文件
3. 读取功能和兼容性：自己程序能读出其他同学创建的通讯录

答案：

#!/usr/bin/env python#!encoding:utf-8#filename:contacts_list.py#QUESTION FROM:http://uliweb.clkg.org/tutorial/view_chapter/183import pickle, pprintimport os, sys   def create_contact(file_path): #初始化通讯录文本    exist = os.path.isfile(file_path)    if exist:        os.remove(file_path)#如果已经存在则删除通讯录，下一步重新建立        print "remove old conntact list successfully ! "    init_contact = {        'lijyt':{'cellphone':'13990000343','tel':'0512-86565544','qq':'45453242','e-mail':'[e-mail]'},        'zhanw':{'cellphone':'15992222343','tel':'0523-89565544','qq':'89545445','e-mail':'[e-mail]'},        'dongf':{'cellphone':'18905555343','tel':'0545-84565544','qq':'12453242','e-mail':'[e-mail]'}        }    f = open(file_path,'w')    pickle.dump(init_contact,f)         f.close()    print "create new contact list successfully !"     def load_contact(file_path):#通讯录加载函数    exist = os.path.isfile(file_path)#检查文件是否存在，不存在则退出    if not exist:        print "The file %s is not exist! check again " % file_path        exit            f = open(file_path,'r')    contact = pickle.load(f)    pprint.pprint(contact)    f.close()    def add_contact(file_path):#增加用户函数（是否可以先写增加的dict,再通过update更新到contact？）    exist = os.path.isfile(file_path)#检查文件是否存在，不存在则退出    if not exist:        print "The file %s is not exist! check again " % file_path        exit            f = open(file_path,'a+')    contact = pickle.load(f)#加载通讯录    #打开通讯录文本后进行新的用户添加输入    name = raw_input('>> name:' )    contact[name] = {}        cellphone = raw_input('>> cellphone:' )    contact[name]['cellphone'] = cellphone        qq = raw_input('>> qq:' )    contact[name]['qq'] = qq        tel = raw_input('>> tel:' )    contact[name]['tel'] = tel        e_mail = raw_input('>> e-mail:' )    contact[name]['e-mail'] = e_mail    f.close()    #写入文本中    f = open(file_path,'w+')    pickle.dump(contact,f)#重写通讯录    f.close()def menu_choice():#选择查询还是增加用户信息等    print " *******Welcome to use this python contact_list******* "    usage =  '''         FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:        (1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"        (2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"        (3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"        (4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"    '''    print usage,'\n'     try:        choice = raw_input('input your choice refered before >>')                if choice  == 'reading':#一对if else选择进行读取自己的还是别人的conact            input_dir = raw_input('input someone contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)\n >>>')            path_others = r'%s' % input_dir            load_contact(path_others)        else:            in_put = raw_input('input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)\n >>>')            path = r'%s' % in_put            #path = r'E:\study\python\tmp\contact_list1.txt'            if choice == 'search':                load_contact(path)            elif choice == 'adding':                add_contact(path)            elif choice == 'reset':                create_contact(path)            else:                print '''                retry to run the program!                %s            ''' % usage    except:        print "something wrong!"       while True:    menu_choice()

实现情况：

根据题目的要求，基本功能应该都实现了，剩下的只是兼容性及容错性的问题，个人觉得可以进行改进的方面如下：

1）对dict的更新，可否用update去实现，并同步到文本？反复加载或者重写对大数据处理可能就变慢了

2）对于读取他人的通讯录，需要进行严格的限制，否则不符合pickle的格式，导致无法读取，有无其他更好的兼容方法？

3）有几个地方可以循环的更流畅，每次选择时，可否只输入一次目录地址，如果没有选择reading，都按默认选项来？这样可以方便反复增加用户，这个应该容易，循环嵌套问题。

4）查询时，可否按名字查询，或者其它选择方式？可以更加明确目标。

5）对某个用户进行删除，该如何做呢？

其它就是过程简化方面的了，暂时想到上面的想法。

下面运行起来看下结果如何：

输出：

>>> ================================ RESTART ================================>>>  *******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******          FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:        (1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"        (2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"        (3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"        (4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"     input your choice refered before >>searchinput your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt) >>>D:\test_tmpThe file D:\test_tmp is not exist! check again something wrong! *******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******          FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:        (1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"        (2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"        (3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"        (4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"     input your choice refered before >>resetinput your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt) >>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txtcreate new contact list successfully ! *******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******          FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:        (1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"        (2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"        (3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"        (4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"     input your choice refered before >>searchinput your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt) >>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt{'dongf': {'cellphone': '18905555343',           'e-mail': '[e-mail]',           'qq': '12453242',           'tel': '0545-84565544'}, 'lijyt': {'cellphone': '13990000343',           'e-mail': '[e-mail]',           'qq': '45453242',           'tel': '0512-86565544'}, 'zhanw': {'cellphone': '15992222343',           'e-mail': '[e-mail]',           'qq': '89545445',           'tel': '0523-89565544'}} *******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******          FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:        (1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"        (2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"        (3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"        (4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"     input your choice refered before >>addinginput your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt) >>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt>> name:boys>> cellphone:13487677868>> qq:3454554655>> tel:[phone]>> e-mail:[e-mail] *******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******          FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:        (1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"        (2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"        (3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"        (4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"     input your choice refered before >>searchinput your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt) >>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt{'boys': {'cellphone': '13487677868',          'e-mail': '[e-mail]',          'qq': '3454554655',          'tel': '0513-65546567'}, 'dongf': {'cellphone': '18905555343',           'e-mail': '[e-mail]',           'qq': '12453242',           'tel': '0545-84565544'}, 'lijyt': {'cellphone': '13990000343',           'e-mail': '[e-mail]',           'qq': '45453242',           'tel': '0512-86565544'}, 'zhanw': {'cellphone': '15992222343',           'e-mail': '[e-mail]',           'qq': '89545445',           'tel': '0523-89565544'}} *******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******          FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:        (1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"        (2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"        (3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"        (4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"     input your choice refered before >>readinginput someone contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt) >>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt{'boys': {'cellphone': '13487677868',          'e-mail': '[e-mail]',          'qq': '3454554655',          'tel': '0513-65546567'}, 'dongf': {'cellphone': '18905555343',           'e-mail': '[e-mail]',           'qq': '12453242',           'tel': '0545-84565544'}, 'lijyt': {'cellphone': '13990000343',           'e-mail': '[e-mail]',           'qq': '45453242',           'tel': '0512-86565544'}, 'zhanw': {'cellphone': '15992222343',           'e-mail': '[e-mail]',           'qq': '89545445',           'tel': '0523-89565544'}} *******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******          FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:        (1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"        (2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"        (3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"        (4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"     input your choice refered before >>

上面执行的步骤是：

1、文件不存在

2、创建contact list

3、查询

4、增加用户

5、查询是否增加

6、读取其它通讯录（实际中用的是原来的）

整个流程基本是走完了，看样子还行。

总结：

这个程序中用到的知识：

1、文件的操作（打开，移除，创建）

2、pickle模块的使用，加载与生成

3、字典的初始化，增删

4、输入与字典赋值

5、循环的使用if else，while，异常处理等