编程基础-----c语言打印调用栈

官方介绍：

SYNOPSIS         top

       #include <execinfo.h>       int backtrace(void **buffer, int size);       char **backtrace_symbols(void *const *buffer, int size);       void backtrace_symbols_fd(void *const *buffer, int size, int fd);

DESCRIPTION         top

       backtrace() returns a backtrace for the calling program, in the array       pointed to by buffer.  A backtrace is the series of currently active       function calls for the program.  Each item in the array pointed to by       buffer is of type void *, and is the return address from the       corresponding stack frame.  The size argument specifies the maximum       number of addresses that can be stored in buffer.  If the backtrace       is larger than size, then the addresses corresponding to the size       most recent function calls are returned; to obtain the complete       backtrace, make sure that buffer and size are large enough.       Given the set of addresses returned by backtrace() in buffer,       backtrace_symbols() translates the addresses into an array of strings       that describe the addresses symbolically.  The size argument       specifies the number of addresses in buffer.  The symbolic       representation of each address consists of the function name (if this       can be determined), a hexadecimal offset into the function, and the       actual return address (in hexadecimal).  The address of the array of       string pointers is returned as the function result of       backtrace_symbols().  This array is malloc(3)ed by       backtrace_symbols(), and must be freed by the caller.  (The strings       pointed to by the array of pointers need not and should not be       freed.)       backtrace_symbols_fd() takes the same buffer and size arguments as       backtrace_symbols(), but instead of returning an array of strings to       the caller, it writes the strings, one per line, to the file       descriptor fd.  backtrace_symbols_fd() does not call malloc(3), and       so can be employed in situations where the latter function might       fail.

RETURN VALUE         top

       backtrace() returns the number of addresses returned in buffer, which       is not greater than size.  If the return value is less than size,       then the full backtrace was stored; if it is equal to size, then it       may have been truncated, in which case the addresses of the oldest       stack frames are not returned.       On success, backtrace_symbols() returns a pointer to the array       malloc(3)ed by the call; on error, NULL is returned.

VERSIONS         top

       backtrace(), backtrace_symbols(), and backtrace_symbols_fd() are       provided in glibc since version 2.1.

CONFORMING TO         top

       These functions are GNU extensions.

NOTES         top

       These functions make some assumptions about how a function's return       address is stored on the stack.  Note the following:       *  Omission of the frame pointers (as implied by any of gcc(1)'s          nonzero optimization levels) may cause these assumptions to be          violated.       *  Inlined functions do not have stack frames.       *  Tail-call optimization causes one stack frame to replace another.       The symbol names may be unavailable without the use of special linker       options.  For systems using the GNU linker, it is necessary to use       the -rdynamic linker option.  Note that names of "static" functions       are not exposed, and won't be available in the backtrace.

EXAMPLE         top

       The program below demonstrates the use of backtrace() and       backtrace_symbols().  The following shell session shows what we might       see when running the program:           $ cc -rdynamic prog.c -o prog           $ ./prog 3           backtrace() returned 8 addresses           ./prog(myfunc3+0x5c) [0x80487f0]           ./prog [0x8048871]           ./prog(myfunc+0x21) [0x8048894]           ./prog(myfunc+0x1a) [0x804888d]           ./prog(myfunc+0x1a) [0x804888d]           ./prog(main+0x65) [0x80488fb]           /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xdc) [0xb7e38f9c]           ./prog [0x8048711]

Program source

       #include <execinfo.h>       #include <stdio.h>       #include <stdlib.h>       #include <unistd.h>       void       myfunc3(void)       {           int j, nptrs;       #define SIZE 100           void *buffer[100];           char **strings;           nptrs = backtrace(buffer, SIZE);           printf("backtrace() returned %d addresses\n", nptrs);           /* The call backtrace_symbols_fd(buffer, nptrs, STDOUT_FILENO)              would produce similar output to the following: */           strings = backtrace_symbols(buffer, nptrs);           if (strings == NULL) {               perror("backtrace_symbols");               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);           }           for (j = 0; j < nptrs; j++)               printf("%s\n", strings[j]);           free(strings);       }       static void   /* "static" means don't export the symbol... */       myfunc2(void)       {           myfunc3();       }       void       myfunc(int ncalls)       {           if (ncalls > 1)               myfunc(ncalls - 1);           else               myfunc2();       }       int       main(int argc, char *argv[])       {           if (argc != 2) {               fprintf(stderr, "%s num-calls\n", argv[0]);               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);           }           myfunc(atoi(argv[1]));           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);       }

自己示例：

#include <stdio.h>#include <execinfo.h>#include <stdlib.h>void fun1();void fun2();void fun3();void print_stack();int main(){fun3();return 0;}void fun1(){printf("print_stack begin\n");print_stack();}void fun2(){fun1();}void fun3(){fun2();}void print_stack(){int size = 16;int i;void *array[16];int stack_num = backtrace(array, size);char **stacktrace = NULL;        stacktrace = (char**)backtrace_symbols(array, stack_num);for(i = 0; i < stack_num; i++){printf("%s\n", stacktrace[i]);}free(stacktrace);}

编译：