escape

xml,html的编码和解码
xhtml_escape(value):
    """Escapes a string so it is valid within HTML or XML."""
xhtml_unescape(value):
    """Un-escapes an XML-escaped string."""


json的编码和解码
json_encode(value):
    """JSON-encodes the given Python object."""
json_decode(value):
    """Returns Python objects for the given JSON string."""
    return json.loads(to_basestring(value))
空白符改为单个空格
squeeze(value):
    """Replace all sequences of whitespace chars with a single space."""
    return re.sub(r"[\x00-\x20]+", " ", value).strip()
URL编码和解码
url_escape(value, plus=True):

url_unescape(value, encoding='utf-8', plus=True):
parse_qs_bytes(qs, keep_blank_values=False, strict_parsing=False):


递归字典或列表，统一其中数据格式
recursive_unicode(obj):
    """Walks a simple data structure, converting byte strings to unicode.
    Supports lists, tuples, and dictionaries.
    """
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        return dict((recursive_unicode(k), recursive_unicode(v)) for (k, v) in obj.items())
    elif isinstance(obj, list):
        return list(recursive_unicode(i) for i in obj)
    elif isinstance(obj, tuple):
        return tuple(recursive_unicode(i) for i in obj)
    elif isinstance(obj, bytes_type):
        return to_unicode(obj)
    else:
        return obj

将文本中的链接，改成可点击的
linkify(text, shorten=False, extra_params="",
            require_protocol=False, permitted_protocols=["http", "https"]):
    """Converts plain text into HTML with links.