函数名: gcvt功 能: 把浮点数转换成字符串用 法: char *gcvt(double value, int ndigit, char *buf);程序例:#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>int main(void){ char str[25]; double num; int sig = 5; /* significant digits */ /* a regular number */ num = 9.876; gcvt(num, sig, str); printf("string = %s\n", str); /* a negative number */ num = -123.4567; gcvt(num, sig, str); printf("string = %s\n", str); /* scientific notation */ num = 0.678e5; gcvt(num, sig, str); printf("string = %s\n", str); return(0);}函数名: geninterrupt功 能: 产生一个软中断用 法: void geninterrupt(int intr_num);程序例:#include <conio.h>#include <dos.h>/* function prototype */void writechar(char ch);int main(void){ clrscr(); gotoxy(80,25); writechar('*'); getch(); return 0;}/* outputs a character at the current cursor position using the video BIOS to avoid the scrolling of the screen when writing to location (80,25).*/void writechar(char ch){ struct text_info ti; /* grab current text settings */ gettextinfo(&ti); /* interrupt 0x10 sub-function 9 */ _AH = 9; /* character to be output */ _AL = ch; _BH = 0; /* video page */ _BL = ti.attribute; /* video attribute */ _CX = 1; /* repetition factor */ geninterrupt(0x10); /* output the char */}函数名: getarccoords功 能: 取得最后一次调用arc的坐标用 法: void far getarccoords(struct arccoordstype far *arccoords);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){/* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; struct arccoordstype arcinfo; int midx, midy; int stangle = 45, endangle = 270; char sstr[80], estr[80];/* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");/* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult();/* an error occurred */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch();/* terminate with an error code */ exit(1); } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2;/* draw arc and get coordinates */ setcolor(getmaxcolor()); arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, 100); getarccoords(&arcinfo);/* convert arc information into strings */ sprintf(sstr, "*- (%d, %d)", arcinfo.xstart, arcinfo.ystart); sprintf(estr, "*- (%d, %d)", arcinfo.xend, arcinfo.yend); /* output the arc information */ outtextxy(arcinfo.xstart, arcinfo.ystart, sstr); outtextxy(arcinfo.xend, arcinfo.yend, estr); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getaspectratio功 能: 返回当前图形模式的纵横比用 法: void far getaspectratio(int far *xasp, int far *yasp);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){/* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int xasp, yasp, midx, midy;/* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");/* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult();/* an error occurred */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch();/* terminate with an error code */ exit(1); } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; setcolor(getmaxcolor());/* get current aspect ratio settings */ getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp);/* draw normal circle */ circle(midx, midy, 100); getch();/* draw wide circle */ cleardevice(); setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp); circle(midx, midy, 100); getch();/* draw narrow circle */ cleardevice(); setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2); circle(midx, midy, 100);/* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getbkcolor功 能: 返回当前背景颜色用 法: int far getbkcolor(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int bkcolor, midx, midy; char bkname[35];/* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");/* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult();/* an error occurred */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch();/* terminate with an error code */ exit(1); } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; setcolor(getmaxcolor());/* for centering text on the display */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);/* get the current background color */ bkcolor = getbkcolor();/* convert color value into a string */ itoa(bkcolor, bkname, 10); strcat(bkname, " is the current background color.");/* display a message */ outtextxy(midx, midy, bkname);/* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getc功 能: 从流中取字符用 法: int getc(FILE *stream);程序例:#include <stdio.h>int main(void){ char ch; printf("Input a character:");/* read a character from the standard input stream */ ch = getc(stdin); printf("The character input was: '%c'\n", ch); return 0;}函数名: getcbrk功 能: 获取Control_break设置用 法: int getcbrk(void);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <dos.h>int main(void){ if (getcbrk()) printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n"); else printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n"); return 0;}函数名: getch功 能: 从控制台无回显地取一个字符用 法: int getch(void);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ char ch; printf("Input a character:"); ch = getche(); printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch); return 0;}函数名: getchar功 能: 从stdin流中读字符用 法: int getchar(void);程序例:#include <stdio.h>int main(void){ int c; /* Note that getchar reads from stdin and is line buffered; this means it will not return until you press ENTER. */ while ((c = getchar()) != '\n') printf("%c", c); return 0;}函数名: getche功 能: 从控制台取字符(带回显)用 法: int getche(void);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ char ch; printf("Input a character:"); ch = getche(); printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch); return 0;}函数名: getcolor功 能: 返回当前画线颜色用 法: int far getcolor(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){/* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int color, midx, midy; char colname[35];/* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");/* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult();/* an error occurred */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch();/* terminate with an error code */ exit(1); } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; setcolor(getmaxcolor());/* for centering text on the display */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);/* get the current drawing color */ color = getcolor();/* convert color value into a string */ itoa(color, colname, 10); strcat(colname, " is the current drawing color.");/* display a message */ outtextxy(midx, midy, colname);/* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getcurdir功 能: 取指定驱动器的当前目录用 法: int getcurdir(int drive, char *direc);程序例:#include <dir.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>char *current_directory(char *path){ strcpy(path, "X:\\"); /* fill string with form of response: X:\ */ path[0] = 'A' + getdisk(); /* replace X with current drive letter */ getcurdir(0, path+3); /* fill rest of string with current directory */ return(path);}int main(void){ char curdir[MAXPATH]; current_directory(curdir); printf("The current directory is %s\n", curdir); return 0;}函数名: getcwd功 能: 取当前工作目录用 法: char *getcwd(char *buf, int n);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <dir.h>int main(void){ char buffer[MAXPATH]; getcwd(buffer, MAXPATH); printf("The current directory is: %s\n", buffer); return 0;}函数名: getdate功 能: 取DOS日期用 法: void getdate(struct *dateblk);程序例:#include <dos.h>#include <stdio.h>int main(void){ struct date d; getdate(&d); printf("The current year is: %d\n", d.da_year); printf("The current day is: %d\n", d.da_day); printf("The current month is: %d\n", d.da_mon); return 0;}函数名: getdefaultpalette功 能: 返回调色板定义结构用 法: struct palettetype *far getdefaultpalette(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){/* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int i;/* structure for returning palette copy */ struct palettetype far *pal=(void *) 0;/* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");/* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult();/* an error occurred */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch();/* terminate with an error code */ exit(1); } setcolor(getmaxcolor());/* return a pointer to the default palette */ pal = getdefaultpalette(); for (i=0; i<16; i++) { printf("colors[%d] = %d\n", i, pal->colors[i]); getch(); }/* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getdisk功 能: 取当前磁盘驱动器号用 法: int getdisk(void);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <dir.h>int main(void){ int disk; disk = getdisk() + 'A'; printf("The current drive is: %c\n", disk); return 0;}函数名: getdrivername功 能: 返回指向包含当前图形驱动程序名字的字符串指针用 法: char *getdrivename(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){/* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;/* stores the device driver name */ char *drivername;/* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");/* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult();/* an error occurred */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch();/* terminate with an error code */ exit(1); } setcolor(getmaxcolor());/* get name of the device driver in use */ drivername = getdrivername();/* for centering text on the screen */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);/* output the name of the driver */ outtextxy(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2, drivername);/* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getdta功 能: 取磁盘传输地址用 法: char far *getdta(void);程序例:#include <dos.h>#include <stdio.h>int main(void){ char far *dta; dta = getdta(); printf("The current disk transfer \ address is: %Fp\n", dta); return 0;}函数名: getenv功 能: 从环境中取字符串用 法: char *getenv(char *envvar);程序例:#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>int main(void){ char *s; s=getenv("COMSPEC"); /* get the comspec environment parameter */ printf("Command processor: %s\n",s); /* display comspec parameter */ return 0;}函数名: getfat, getfatd功 能: 取文件分配表信息用 法: void getfat(int drive, struct fatinfo *fatblkp);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <dos.h>int main(void){ struct fatinfo diskinfo; int flag = 0; printf("Please insert disk in drive A\n"); getchar(); getfat(1, &diskinfo);/* get drive information */ printf("\nDrive A: is "); switch((unsigned char) diskinfo.fi_fatid) { case 0xFD: printf("360K low density\n"); break; case 0xF9: printf("1.2 Meg high density\n"); break; default: printf("unformatted\n"); flag = 1; } if (!flag) { printf(" sectors per cluster %5d\n", diskinfo.fi_sclus); printf(" number of clusters %5d\n", diskinfo.fi_nclus); printf(" bytes per sector %5d\n", diskinfo.fi_bysec); } return 0;}函数名: getfillpattern功 能: 将用户定义的填充模式拷贝到内存中用 法: void far getfillpattern(char far *upattern);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int maxx, maxy; char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x25, 0x27, 0x04, 0x04}; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } maxx = getmaxx(); maxy = getmaxy(); setcolor(getmaxcolor()); /* select a user defined fill pattern */ setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); /* fill the screen with the pattern */ bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); getch(); /* get the current user defined fill pattern */ getfillpattern(pattern); /* alter the pattern we grabbed */ pattern[4] -= 1; pattern[5] -= 3; pattern[6] += 3; pattern[7] -= 4; /* select our new pattern */ setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); /* fill the screen with the new pattern */ bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getfillsettings功 能: 取得有关当前填充模式和填充颜色的信息用 法: void far getfillsettings(struct fillsettingstype far *fillinfo);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>/ the names of the fill styles supported */char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL", "SOLID_FILL", "LINE_FILL", "LTSLASH_FILL", "SLASH_FILL", "BKSLASH_FILL", "LTBKSLASH_FILL", "HATCH_FILL", "XHATCH_FILL", "INTERLEAVE_FILL", "WIDE_DOT_FILL", "CLOSE_DOT_FILL", "USER_FILL" };int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; struct fillsettingstype fillinfo; int midx, midy; char patstr[40], colstr[40]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* get information about current fill pattern and color */ getfillsettings(&fillinfo); /* convert fill information into strings */ sprintf(patstr, "%s is the fill style.", fname[fillinfo.pattern]); sprintf(colstr, "%d is the fill color.", fillinfo.color); /* display the information */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, patstr); outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), colstr); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getftime功 能: 取文件日期和时间用 法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <io.h>int main(void){ FILE *stream; struct ftime ft; if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", "wt")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); return 1; } getftime(fileno(stream), &ft); printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n", ft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min, ft.ft_tsec * 2); printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n", ft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, ft.ft_year+1980); fclose(stream); return 0;}函数名: getgraphmode功 能: 返回当前图形模式用 法: int far getgraphmode(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){/* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int midx, midy, mode; char numname[80], modename[80];/* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");/* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult();/* an error occurred */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch();/* terminate with an error code */ exit(1); } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2;/* get mode number and name strings */ mode = getgraphmode(); sprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode); sprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode", getmodename(mode));/* display the information */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, numname); outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename);/* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getftime功 能: 取文件日期和时间用 法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <io.h>int main(void){ FILE *stream; struct ftime ft; if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", "wt")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); return 1; } getftime(fileno(stream), &ft); printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n", ft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min, ft.ft_tsec * 2); printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n", ft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, ft.ft_year+1980); fclose(stream); return 0;}函数名: getgraphmode功 能: 返回当前图形模式用 法: int far getgraphmode(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){/* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int midx, midy, mode; char numname[80], modename[80];/* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");/* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult();/* an error occurred */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch();/* terminate with an error code */ exit(1); } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2;/* get mode number and name strings */ mode = getgraphmode(); sprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode); sprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode", getmodename(mode));/* display the information */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, numname); outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename);/* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getimage功 能: 将指定区域的一个位图存到主存中用 法: void far getimage(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void far *bitmap);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>#include <alloc.h>void save_screen(void far *buf[4]);void restore_screen(void far *buf[4]);int maxx, maxy;int main(void){ int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, errorcode; void far *ptr[4]; /* auto-detect the graphics driver and mode */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); errorcode = graphresult(); /* check for any errors */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); } maxx = getmaxx(); maxy = getmaxy(); /* draw an image on the screen */ rectangle(0, 0, maxx, maxy); line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); line(0, maxy, maxx, 0); save_screen(ptr); /* save the current screen */ getch(); /* pause screen */ cleardevice(); /* clear screen */ restore_screen(ptr); /* restore the screen */ getch(); /* pause screen */ closegraph(); return 0;}void save_screen(void far *buf[4]){ unsigned size; int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; yend = yincr; size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ for (block=0; block<=3; block++) { if ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) { closegraph(); printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n"); exit(1); } getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]); ystart = yend + 1; yend += yincr + 1; }}void save_screen(void far *buf[4]){ unsigned size; int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; yend = yincr; size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ for (block=0; block<=3; block++) { if ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) { closegraph(); printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n"); exit(1); } getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]); ystart = yend + 1; yend += yincr + 1; }}void restore_screen(void far *buf[4]){ int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; yend = yincr; for (block=0; block<=3; block++) { putimage(0, ystart, buf[block], COPY_PUT); farfree(buf[block]); ystart = yend + 1; yend += yincr + 1; }}函数名: getlinesettings功 能: 取当前线型、模式和宽度用 法: void far getlinesettings(struct linesettingstype far *lininfo):程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>/* the names of the line styles supported */char *lname[] = { "SOLID_LINE", "DOTTED_LINE", "CENTER_LINE", "DASHED_LINE", "USERBIT_LINE" };int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; struct linesettingstype lineinfo; int midx, midy; char lstyle[80], lpattern[80], lwidth[80]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* get information about current line settings */ getlinesettings(&lineinfo); /* convert line information into strings */ sprintf(lstyle, "%s is the line style.", lname[lineinfo.linestyle]); sprintf(lpattern, "0x%X is the user-defined line pattern.", lineinfo.upattern); sprintf(lwidth, "%d is the line thickness.", lineinfo.thickness); /* display the information */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, lstyle); outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), lpattern); outtextxy(midx, midy+4*textheight("W"), lwidth); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getmaxcolor功 能: 返回可以传给函数setcolor的最大颜色值用 法: int far getmaxcolor(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int midx, midy; char colstr[80]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* grab the color info. and convert it to a string */ sprintf(colstr, "This mode supports colors 0..%d", getmaxcolor()); /* display the information */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, colstr); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getmaxx功 能: 返回屏幕的最大x坐标用 法: int far getmaxx(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int midx, midy; char xrange[80], yrange[80]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* convert max resolution values into strings */ sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx()); sprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); /* display the information */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange); outtextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getmaxy功 能: 返回屏幕的最大y坐标用 法: int far getmaxy(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int midx, midy; char xrange[80], yrange[80]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* convert max resolution values into strings */ sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx()); sprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); /* display the information */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange); outtextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getmodename功 能: 返回含有指定图形模式名的字符串指针用 法: char *far getmodename(int mode_name);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request autodetection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int midx, midy, mode; char numname[80], modename[80]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* get mode number and name strings */ mode = getgraphmode(); sprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode); sprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode.", getmodename(mode)); /* display the information */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, numname); outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getmoderange功 能: 取给定图形驱动程序的模式范围用 法: void far getmoderange(int graphdriver, int far *lomode, int far *himode);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int midx, midy; int low, high; char mrange[80]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* get the mode range for this driver */ getmoderange(gdriver, &low, &high); /* convert mode range info. into strings */ sprintf(mrange, "This driver supports modes %d..%d", low, high); /* display the information */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, mrange); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getpalette功 能: 返回有关当前调色板的信息用 法: void far getpalette(struct palettetype far *palette);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){/* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; struct palettetype pal; char psize[80], pval[20]; int i, ht; int y = 10;/* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");/* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult();/* an error occurred */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch();/* terminate with an error code */ exit(1); }/* grab a copy of the palette */ getpalette(&pal);/* convert palette info. into strings */ sprintf(psize, "The palette has %d \ modifiable entries.", pal.size);/* display the information */ outtextxy(0, y, psize); if (pal.size != 0) { ht = textheight("W"); y += 2*ht; outtextxy(0, y, "Here are the current \ values:"); y += 2*ht; for (i=0; i<pal.size; i++, y+=ht) { sprintf(pval, "palette[%02d]: 0x%02X", i, pal.colors[i]); outtextxy(0, y, pval); } }/* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getpass功 能: 读一个口令用 法: char *getpass(char *prompt);程序例:#include <conio.h>int main(void){ char *password; password = getpass("Input a password:"); cprintf("The password is: %s\r\n", password); return 0;}函数名: getpixel功 能: 取得指定像素的颜色用 法: int far getpixel(int x, int y);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>#include <dos.h>#define PIXEL_COUNT 1000#define DELAY_TIME 100 /* in milliseconds */int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int i, x, y, color, maxx, maxy, maxcolor, seed;/* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");/* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult();/* an error occurred */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch();/* terminate with an error code */ exit(1); } maxx = getmaxx() + 1; maxy = getmaxy() + 1; maxcolor = getmaxcolor() + 1; while (!kbhit()) {/* seed the random number generator */ seed = random(32767); srand(seed); for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; i++) { x = random(maxx); y = random(maxy); color = random(maxcolor); putpixel(x, y, color); } delay(DELAY_TIME); srand(seed); for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; i++) { x = random(maxx); y = random(maxy); color = random(maxcolor); if (color == getpixel匇? ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;h;(;);;; ;e;t;p;s;p;(;););;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;e;s;e;t; ;t;o; ;s;e;g;m;e;n;t; ;o;f; ;t;h;e; ;P;S;P; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;i;n;e; ;i;s; ;l;o;c;a;t;e;d; ;a;t; ;o;f;f;s;e;t; ;0;x;8;1; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;t; ;o;f; ;P;S;P; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;函数名: gets功 能: 从流中取一字符串用 法: char *gets(char *string);程序例:#include <stdio.h>int main(void){ char string[80]; printf("Input a string:"); gets(string); printf("The string input was: %s\n", string); return 0;}函数名: gettext功 能: 将文本方式屏幕上的文本拷贝到存储区用 法: int gettext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void *destin);程序例:#include <conio.h>char buffer[4096];int main(void){ int i; clrscr(); for (i = 0; i <= 20; i++) cprintf("Line #%d\r\n", i); gettext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer); gotoxy(1, 25); cprintf("Press any key to clear screen..."); getch(); clrscr(); gotoxy(1, 25); cprintf("Press any key to restore screen..."); getch(); puttext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer); gotoxy(1, 25); cprintf("Press any key to quit..."); getch(); return 0;}函数名: gettextinfo功 能: 取得文本模式的显示信息用 法: void gettextinfo(struct text_info *inforec);程序例:#include <conio.h>int main(void){ struct text_info ti; gettextinfo(&ti); cprintf("window left %2d\r\n",ti.winleft); cprintf("window top %2d\r\n",ti.wintop); cprintf("window right %2d\r\n",ti.winright); cprintf("window bottom %2d\r\n",ti.winbottom); cprintf("attribute %2d\r\n",ti.attribute); cprintf("normal attribute %2d\r\n",ti.normattr); cprintf("current mode %2d\r\n",ti.currmode); cprintf("screen height %2d\r\n",ti.screenheight); cprintf("screen width %2d\r\n",ti.screenwidth); cprintf("current x %2d\r\n",ti.curx); cprintf("current y %2d\r\n",ti.cury); return 0;}函数名: gettextsettings功 能: 返回有关当前图形文本字体的信息用 法: void far gettextsettings(struct textsettingstype far *textinfo);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>/* the names of the fonts supported */char *font[] = { "DEFAULT_FONT", "TRIPLEX_FONT", "SMALL_FONT", "SANS_SERIF_FONT", "GOTHIC_FONT" };/* the names of the text directions supported */char *dir[] = { "HORIZ_DIR", "VERT_DIR" };/* horizontal text justifications supported */char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "RIGHT_TEXT" };/* vertical text justifications supported */char *vjust[] = { "BOTTOM_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "TOP_TEXT" };int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; struct textsettingstype textinfo; int midx, midy, ht; char fontstr[80], dirstr[80], sizestr[80]; char hjuststr[80], vjuststr[80]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* get information about current text settings */ gettextsettings(&textinfo); /* convert text information into strings */ sprintf(fontstr, "%s is the text style.", font[textinfo.font]); sprintf(dirstr, "%s is the text direction.", dir[textinfo.direction]); sprintf(sizestr, "%d is the text size.", textinfo.charsize); sprintf(hjuststr, "%s is the horizontal justification.", hjust[textinfo.horiz]); sprintf(vjuststr, "%s is the vertical justification.", vjust[textinfo.vert]); /* display the information */ ht = textheight("W"); settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, fontstr); outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, dirstr); outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, sizestr); outtextxy(midx, midy+6*ht, hjuststr); outtextxy(midx, midy+8*ht, vjuststr); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: gettime功 能: 取得系统时间用 法: void gettime(struct time *timep);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <dos.h>int main(void){ struct time t; gettime(&t); printf("The current time is: %2d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n", t.ti_hour, t.ti_min, t.ti_sec, t.ti_hund); return 0;}函数名: getvect功 能: 取得中断向量入口用 法: void interrupt(*getvect(int intr_num));程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <dos.h>void interrupt get_out(); /* interrupt prototype */void interrupt (*oldfunc)(); /* interrupt function pointer */int looping = 1;int main(void){ puts("Press <Shift><Prt Sc> to terminate"); /* save the old interrupt */ oldfunc = getvect(5); /* install interrupt handler */ setvect(5,get_out); /* do nothing */ while (looping); /* restore to original interrupt routine */ setvect(5,oldfunc); puts("Success"); return 0;}void interrupt get_out(){ looping = 0; /* change global variable to get out of loop */}函数名: getverify功 能: 返回DOS校验标志状态用 法: int getverify(void);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <dos.h>int main(void){ if (getverify()) printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); else printf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); return 0;}函数名: getviewsetting功 能: 返回有关当前视区的信息用 法: void far getviewsettings(struct viewporttype far *viewport);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>char *clip[] = { "OFF", "ON" };int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; struct viewporttype viewinfo; int midx, midy, ht; char topstr[80], botstr[80], clipstr[80]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* get information about current viewport */ getviewsettings(&viewinfo); /* convert text information into strings */ sprintf(topstr, "(%d, %d) is the upper left viewport corner.", viewinfo.left, viewinfo.top); sprintf(botstr, "(%d, %d) is the lower right viewport corner.", viewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom); sprintf(clipstr, "Clipping is turned %s.", clip[viewinfo.clip]); /* display the information */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ht = textheight("W"); outtextxy(midx, midy, topstr); outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, botstr); outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, clipstr); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: getw功 能: 从流中取一整数用 法: int getw(FILE *strem);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#define FNAME "test.$$$"int main(void){ FILE *fp; int word; /* place the word in a file */ fp = fopen(FNAME, "wb"); if (fp == NULL) { printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME); exit(1); } word = 94; putw(word,fp); if (ferror(fp)) printf("Error writing to file\n"); else printf("Successful write\n"); fclose(fp); /* reopen the file */ fp = fopen(FNAME, "rb"); if (fp == NULL) { printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME); exit(1); } /* extract the word */ word = getw(fp); if (ferror(fp)) printf("Error reading file\n"); else printf("Successful read: word = %d\n", word); /* clean up */ fclose(fp); unlink(FNAME); return 0;}函数名: getx功 能: 返回当前图形位置的x坐标用 法: int far getx(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; char msg[80]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } /* move to the screen center point */ moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); /* create a message string */ sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); /* display the message */ outtext(msg); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: gety功 能: 返回当前图形位置的y坐标用 法: int far gety(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; char msg[80]; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } /* move to the screen center point */ moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); /* create a message string */ sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); /* display the message */ outtext(msg); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: gmtime功 能: 把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT)用 法: struct tm *gmtime(long *clock);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <time.h>#include <dos.h>/* Pacific Standard Time & Daylight Savings */char *tzstr = "TZ=PST8PDT";int main(void){ time_t t; struct tm *gmt, *area; putenv(tzstr); tzset(); t = time(NULL); area = localtime(&t); printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); gmt = gmtime(&t); printf("GMT is: %s", asctime(gmt)); return 0;}函数名: gotoxy功 能: 在文本窗口中设置光标用 法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);程序例:#include <conio.h>int main(void){ clrscr(); gotoxy(35, 12); cprintf("Hello world"); getch(); return 0;}函数名: gotoxy功 能: 在文本窗口中设置光标用 法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);程序例:#include <conio.h>int main(void){ clrscr(); gotoxy(35, 12); cprintf("Hello world"); getch(); return 0;}函数名: graphdefaults功 能: 将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值用 法: void far graphdefaults(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int maxx, maxy; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\bor\\Borland\\bgi"); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } maxx = getmaxx(); maxy = getmaxy(); /* output line with non-default settings */ setlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE, 0, 3); line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "Before default values are restored."); getch(); /* restore default values for everything */ graphdefaults(); /* clear the screen */ cleardevice(); /* output line with default settings */ line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "After restoring default values."); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: grapherrormsg功 能: 返回一个错误信息串的指针用 法: char *far grapherrormsg(int errorcode);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>#define NONSENSE -50int main(void){ /* FORCE AN ERROR TO OCCUR */ int gdriver = NONSENSE, gmode, errorcode; /* initialize graphics mode */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); /* if an error occurred, then output a */ /* descriptive error message. */ if (errorcode != grOk) { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } /* draw a line */ line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: graphresult功 能: 返回最后一次不成功的图形操作的错误代码用 法: int far graphresult(void);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } /* draw a line */ line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}函数名: _graphfreemem功 能: 用户可修改的图形存储区释放函数用 法: void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>#include <alloc.h>int main(void){ /* request auto detection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int midx, midy; /* clear the text screen */ clrscr(); printf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); getch(); clrscr(); /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* display a message */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */void far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size){ printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size); printf("hit any key:"); getch(); printf("\n"); /* allocate memory from far heap */ return farmalloc(size);}/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size){ printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size); printf("hit any key:"); getch(); printf("\n"); /* free ptr from far heap */ farfree(ptr);}函数名: _graphgetmem功 能: 用户可修改的图形存储区分配函数用 法: void far *far _graphgetmem(unsigned size);程序例:#include <graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>#include <alloc.h>int main(void){ /* request autodetection */ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; int midx, midy; /* clear the text screen */ clrscr(); printf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); getch(); clrscr(); /* initialize graphics and local variables */ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */ errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ { printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); printf("Press any key to halt:"); getch(); exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ } midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; /* display a message */ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); outtextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); /* clean up */ getch(); closegraph(); return 0;}/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */void far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size){ printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size); printf("hit any key:"); getch(); printf("\n"); /* allocate memory from far heap */ return farmalloc(size);}/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size){ printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size); printf("hit any key:"); getch(); printf("\n"); /* free ptr from far heap */ farfree(ptr);}
